Java中如何在Spring Boot下实现多级审批

在许多企业应用程序中,审批流程是一个非常常见的需求。在这篇文章中,我们将探讨如何在Spring Boot项目中实现一个多级审批流程。我们将使用Spring Boot作为基础框架,并结合Spring Data JPA和MySQL数据库来实现这个功能。

实际问题

假设我们有一个请假系统,员工可以提交请假申请,并需要经过多个级别的审批才能获得批准。审批流程如下:

  1. 员工提交请假申请。
  2. 直属主管审批。
  3. 部门经理审批。
  4. 人力资源部审批。

每个审批阶段都有不同的审批人,审批人可以是一个或多个。

数据库设计

我们首先需要设计数据库模型来存储请假申请和审批信息。我们将创建两个实体类:LeaveApplication(请假申请)和Approval(审批)。

@Entity
public class LeaveApplication {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    private String employeeName;
    private Date startDate;
    private Date endDate;
    
    // 省略构造方法、getter和setter
    
    // 与Approval的关联关系
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "leaveApplication", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Approval> approvals;
    
    // 省略其他属性
}

@Entity
public class Approval {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "leave_application_id")
    private LeaveApplication leaveApplication;
    
    private String approverName;
    private String status;
    
    // 省略构造方法、getter和setter
    
    // 省略其他属性
}

在LeaveApplication类中,我们使用@OneToMany注解来建立与Approval实体类的一对多关系。每个LeaveApplication可以关联多个Approval,通过leaveApplication属性进行关联。

在Approval类中,我们使用@ManyToOne注解来建立与LeaveApplication实体类的多对一关系。每个Approval都属于一个LeaveApplication,通过leaveApplication属性进行关联。

实现逻辑

在Spring Boot项目中,我们可以使用Spring Data JPA来处理数据库操作。首先,我们需要创建LeaveApplicationRepository和ApprovalRepository来处理与数据库的交互。

public interface LeaveApplicationRepository extends JpaRepository<LeaveApplication, Long> {
}

public interface ApprovalRepository extends JpaRepository<Approval, Long> {
    List<Approval> findByLeaveApplicationId(Long leaveApplicationId);
}

在Service层,我们可以编写代码来处理审批流程。下面是一个示例的ApprovalService类。

@Service
public class ApprovalService {
    @Autowired
    private ApprovalRepository approvalRepository;
    
    @Autowired
    private LeaveApplicationRepository leaveApplicationRepository;
    
    public void submitApproval(Long leaveApplicationId, String approverName) {
        LeaveApplication leaveApplication = leaveApplicationRepository.findById(leaveApplicationId).orElse(null);
        
        if (leaveApplication != null) {
            Approval approval = new Approval();
            approval.setLeaveApplication(leaveApplication);
            approval.setApproverName(approverName);
            approval.setStatus("Pending");
            
            approvalRepository.save(approval);
        }
    }
    
    public void approve(Long approvalId) {
        Approval approval = approvalRepository.findById(approvalId).orElse(null);
        
        if (approval != null) {
            approval.setStatus("Approved");
            
            // 检查是否还有待审批的Approval,如果没有则更新LeaveApplication的状态为Approved
            List<Approval> pendingApprovals = approvalRepository.findByLeaveApplicationId(approval.getLeaveApplication().getId())
                                                        .stream()
                                                        .filter(a -> a.getStatus().equals("Pending"))
                                                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
            
            if (pendingApprovals.isEmpty()) {
                approval.getLeaveApplication().setStatus("Approved");
                leaveApplicationRepository.save(approval.getLeaveApplication());
            }
            
            approvalRepository.save(approval);
        }
    }
    
    public void reject(Long approvalId) {
        Approval approval = approvalRepository.findById(approvalId).orElse(null);
        
        if (approval != null) {
            approval.setStatus("Rejected");
            approval.getLeaveApplication().setStatus("Rejected");
            
            approvalRepository.save(approval);
            leaveApplicationRepository.save(approval.getLeaveApplication());
        }
    }
}

在submitApproval方法中,我们根据leaveApplicationId查找LeaveApplication实例,并创建一个新的Approval实例。然后,我们