项目方案:Java解析带加减乘除括号的公式

1. 项目背景

在数学计算中,公式中经常包含加减乘除运算和括号,为了实现公式的计算,需要解析并按照正确的优先级进行运算。本项目旨在利用Java语言实现一个工具,能够解析带有加减乘除括号的公式,并返回计算结果。

2. 解析公式的算法

为了解析带有加减乘除括号的公式,可以借助栈的数据结构来实现。下面是解析公式的算法步骤:

  1. 创建一个操作数栈和一个操作符栈;
  2. 从左到右遍历公式中的每个字符;
  3. 如果字符是数字,则将其转换为操作数,并将操作数压入操作数栈;
  4. 如果字符是操作符,则将其压入操作符栈;
  5. 如果字符是左括号,则将其压入操作符栈;
  6. 如果字符是右括号,则从操作符栈中弹出操作符,并从操作数栈中弹出两个操作数进行运算,然后将运算结果压入操作数栈;
  7. 如果操作符栈顶的操作符优先级高于当前字符的操作符,或者操作符栈顶是左括号,则从操作符栈中弹出操作符,并从操作数栈中弹出两个操作数进行运算,然后将运算结果压入操作数栈,直到操作符栈为空或者操作符栈顶的操作符优先级低于当前字符的操作符;
  8. 遍历完公式后,从操作数栈中弹出最终的计算结果。

下面是代码示例:

import java.util.Stack;

public class FormulaParser {
    public int parseFormula(String formula) {
        Stack<Integer> operands = new Stack<>();
        Stack<Character> operators = new Stack<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < formula.length(); i++) {
            char ch = formula.charAt(i);
            if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {
                int operand = 0;
                while (i < formula.length() && Character.isDigit(formula.charAt(i))) {
                    operand = operand * 10 + (formula.charAt(i) - '0');
                    i++;
                }
                operands.push(operand);
                i--;
            } else if (ch == '(') {
                operators.push(ch);
            } else if (ch == ')') {
                while (!operators.isEmpty() && operators.peek() != '(') {
                    char operator = operators.pop();
                    int operand2 = operands.pop();
                    int operand1 = operands.pop();
                    int result = performOperation(operator, operand1, operand2);
                    operands.push(result);
                }
                operators.pop(); // Pop '('
            } else if (isOperator(ch)) {
                while (!operators.isEmpty() && hasHigherPriority(operators.peek(), ch)) {
                    char operator = operators.pop();
                    int operand2 = operands.pop();
                    int operand1 = operands.pop();
                    int result = performOperation(operator, operand1, operand2);
                    operands.push(result);
                }
                operators.push(ch);
            }
        }

        while (!operators.isEmpty()) {
            char operator = operators.pop();
            int operand2 = operands.pop();
            int operand1 = operands.pop();
            int result = performOperation(operator, operand1, operand2);
            operands.push(result);
        }

        return operands.pop();
    }

    private boolean isOperator(char ch) {
        return ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '*' || ch == '/';
    }

    private boolean hasHigherPriority(char operator1, char operator2) {
        return (operator1 == '*' || operator1 == '/')
                && (operator2 == '+' || operator2 == '-');
    }

    private int performOperation(char operator, int operand1, int operand2) {
        if (operator == '+') {
            return operand1 + operand2;
        } else if (operator == '-') {
            return operand1 - operand2;
        } else if (operator == '*') {
            return operand1 * operand2;
        } else { // operator == '/'
            return operand1 / operand2;
        }
    }
}

3. 应用示例

为了更好地理解项目方案,下面是一个使用示例:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FormulaParser parser = new FormulaParser();
        String formula = "(((4+2)*3)-5)/2";
        int result = parser.parseFormula(formula);
        System.out.println("计算结果:" + result);