Handler的主要用途有两个:(1)、在将来的某个时刻执行消息或一个runnable,(2)把消息发送到消息队列。
主要依靠post(Runnable)、postAtTime(Runnable, long)、postDelayed(Runnable, long)、sendEmptyMessage(int)、sendMessage(Message)、sendMessageAtTime(Message)、sendMessageDelayed(Message, long)这些方法来来完成消息调度。post方法是当到Runable对象到达就被插入到消息队列;sendMessage方法允许你把一个包含有信息的Message插入队列,而且它会Handler的handlerMessage(Message)方法中执行(该方法要求在Handler的子类中实现)。
1.构造方法
/** 默认的构造方法,handler是和当前线程的队列关联在一起,如果队列不存在,那么handler就不能接受消息。
* Default constructor associates this handler with the {@link Looper} for the
* current thread.
* 如果线程没有looper,就会抛出异常
* If this thread does not have a looper, this handler won't be able to receive messages
* so an exception is thrown.
*/
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
//传入一个callback接口用于处理handler传递的Message。
public Handler(Callback callback) {
this(callback, false);
}
//给变量赋值
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
方法都差不多,主要是完成了赋值的过程,还有几个没粘贴,但是都差不多。。。
2.变量
/*
设置这个标记为true来检测不是静态的匿名,本地或成员类继承Handler类。这些类型的类可以带来潜在的泄漏。在Handler的构造方法里面使用到了这个参数,目的就如上所述。
*/
private static final boolean FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS = false;
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Looper mLooper;
final Callback mCallback; //回调接口
final boolean mAsynchronous;
IMessenger mMessenger;
接着下面就是Callback接口:
/**
* Callback interface you can use when instantiating(实例化) a Handler to avoid
* having to implement(实现) your own subclass of Handler.
* @param msg A {@link android.os.Message Message} object
* @return True if no further handling is desired
*/
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}
callback接口你可以在实例化的时候用,避免去实现你自己的handler子类
这个Callback接口里只有一个handleMessage方法返回boolean值,在后面Handler的ctor会用到,一般情况下都是null。这个接口的存在
没什么特殊的含义,只是为了让你不extends Handler就能处理消息而已(正如此方法的doc所说),类似Thread和Runnable接口的关系。
3.handleMessage
/**
* Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
*/
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
子类需要实现这个方法,因为这是个空方法。
4.dispatchMessage
/**
* Handle system messages here.
*/
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
它的处理是如果message自身设置了callback,则
直接调用callback.run()方法,否则Callback接口的作用就显现了;如果我们传递了Callback接口的实现,即mCallback非空,则调用它处理
message,如果处理了,返回true,则直接返回,否则接着调用Handler自己的handleMessage方法,其默认实现是do nothing,如果你
是extends Handler,那么你应该在你的子类中为handleMessage提供自己的实现。
5.一系列obtainMessage
public final Message obtainMessage()
{
return Message.obtain(this);
}
public final Message obtainMessage(int what)
{
return Message.obtain(this, what);
}
public final Message obtainMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)
{
return Message.obtain(this, what, arg1, arg2, obj);
}
从上面可以看出来还是调用的Message的obtain方法,来构造message。
6.一系列postXXX方法:
/**
* Causes the Runnable r to be added to the message queue.
* The runnable will be run on the thread to which this handler is
* attached.
*
* @param r The Runnable that will be executed.
*
* @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully placed in to the
* message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the
* looper processing the message queue is exiting.
*/
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, long uptimeMillis)
{
return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r), uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis)
{
return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r, token), uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);
}
public final boolean postAtFrontOfQueue(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(getPostMessage(r));
}
上面方法的作用就是:把Runnable发送到消息队列,执行的时候实行Runnable的run方法。。
下面看一系列sendXXX方法,和上边对应的。。。
//把消息入队
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
{
return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
上面所有的postXXX,sendXXX方法最后都会调用这个方法:enqueueMessage
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
最后调用queue的enqueueMessage方法把msg入队,对这个方法不了解的,可以看前边的MessageQueue源码解析。
SystemClock.uptimeMillis(),就是表示系统开机到当前的时间总数,如果有延迟,就加上延迟时间,分析到现在,我们也能发现,postDelayed不是延迟多少秒发送消息,这个消息是直接发送给队列的,不过在MessaegQueue中,消息按时间排放的,不到时间不会把它取出来,所以应该说延迟多少秒取出消息更合适。。
至于上边的getPostMessage(r)就是把r设置给callback。
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
Message m = Message.obtain();
m.callback = r;
return m;
}
removeCallbacks:
调用MQ的removeMessages方法。就是移出messageQueue中所有满足条件的message,当然前提是消息还没取走。
/**
* Remove any pending posts of Runnable r that are in the message queue.
*/
public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r)
{
mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, null);
}
/**
* Remove any pending posts of Runnable <var>r</var> with Object
* <var>token</var> that are in the message queue. If <var>token</var> is null,
* all callbacks will be removed.
*/
public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r, Object token)
{
mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, token);
}
分析结束,鼓励自己下。。哈哈哈。。。。