1. 概述
pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架,主要特点有以下几点:
- 1、简单灵活,容易上手,文档丰富;
- 2、支持参数化,可以细粒度地控制要测试的测试用例;
- 3、能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试,还可以用来做selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试(pytest+requests);
- 4、pytest具有很多第三方插件,并且可以自定义扩展,比较好用的如pytest-selenium(集成selenium)、pytest-html(完美html测试报告生成)、pytest-rerunfailures(失败case重复执行)、pytest-xdist(多CPU分发)等;
- 5、测试用例的skip和xfail处理;
- 6、可以很好的和CI工具结合,例如jenkins
编写规则
编写pytest测试样例非常简单,只需要按照下面的规则:
- 测试文件以test_开头(以_test结尾也可以)
- 测试类以Test开头,并且不能带有 init 方法
- 测试函数以test_开头
- 断言使用基本的assert即可
pytest1.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def setup_function(request):
def teardown_function():
print("teardown_function called.")
request.addfinalizer(teardown_function) # 此内嵌函数做teardown工作
print('setup_function called.')
@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
def setup_module(request):
def teardown_module():
print("teardown_module called.")
request.addfinalizer(teardown_module)
print('setup_module called.')
@pytest.mark.website
def test_1(setup_function):
print('Test_1 called.')
def test_2(setup_module):
print('Test_2 called.')
def test_3(setup_module):
print('Test_3 called.')
assert 2==1+1 # 通过assert断言确认测试结果是否符合预期
fixture的scope参数
scope参数有四种,分别是'function','module','class','session',默认为function。
- function:每个test都运行,默认是function的scope
- class:每个class的所有test只运行一次
- module:每个module的所有test只运行一次
- session:每个session只运行一次
setup和teardown操作
- setup,在测试函数或类之前执行,完成准备工作,例如数据库链接、测试数据、打开文件等
- teardown,在测试函数或类之后执行,完成收尾工作,例如断开数据库链接、回收内存资源等
- 备注:也可以通过在fixture函数中通过yield实现setup和teardown功能
2.3. 测试结果
如何执行
- pytest # run all tests below current dir
- pytest test_mod.py # run tests in module file test_mod.py
- pytest somepath # run all tests below somepath like ./tests/
- pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
# the "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
# will select TestMyClass.test_something
# but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple - pytest test_mod.py::test_func # only run tests that match the "node ID",
# e.g "test_mod.py::test_func" will be selected
# only run test_func in test_mod.py
通过pytest.mark对test方法分类执行
Console参数介绍
- -v 用于显示每个测试函数的执行结果
- -q 只显示整体测试结果
- -s 用于显示测试函数中print()函数输出
- -x, --exitfirst, exit instantly on first error or failed test
- -h 帮助
Case 1
$ pytest -v pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python
cachedir: .cache
Using --randomly-seed=1522920341
rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
collected 3 items
pytest1.py::test_1 PASSED
pytest1.py::test_3 PASSED
pytest1.py::test_2 PASSED
============================================================================= pytest-warning summary =============================================================================
WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
================================================================== 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ===================================================================
Case 2
$ pytest -s pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1
Using --randomly-seed=1522920508
rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile:
plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0
collected 3 items
pytest1.py setup_function called.
Test_1 called.
.teardown_function called.
setup_module called.
Test_2 called.
.Test_3 called.
.teardown_module called.
============================================================================= pytest-warning summary =============================================================================
WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead.
================================================================== 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ===================================================================
========================================
1. pytest简介
pytest是一款以python为开发语言的测试框架,具有以下优点:
- 文档丰富,简单,易上手;
- 支持参数化,可以细粒度地控制要测试的测试用例;
- pytest具有很多第三方插件,并且可以自定义扩展,比较好用的如pytest-selenium(集成selenium)、pytest-html(完美html测试报告生成)等;
- 很好的和CI工具结合;
2. pytest安装
2.1Python3安装
2.2 pytest安装
1. python3安装好后,使用pip命令安装pytest:pip install pytest
2. 输入如下命令,查看pytest是否安装成功:pytest --version
3. pytest测试case编写规则
- 测试类以Test开头;
- 测试文件以test_开头或_test结尾;
- 测试函数以test_开头;
4. 一个例子
4.1 实现
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.mark.pytestto
class TestPytestDemo(object):
def setup_class(self):
pass
@pytest.mark.asserttest
def test_assert(self):
assert 3 < 4, "3期望是小于4"
@pytest.mark.strtest
def test_str(self):
b = "hello"
assert "h" in b, "字符h期望在单词hello中出现"
4.2 pytest用例运行
4.2.1 运行整个testcase文件,比如测试文件名为:test_pytest_demo_ok.py。
pytest test_pytest_demo_ok.py
pytest-case-run.jpg
4.2.2 通过mark运行case
# 通过mark后的关键字制定用例运行,上个图中看到运行log中有很多警告,
# 如果不要看警告可通过参数 ----disable-pytest-warnings
pytest -m asserttest --disable-pytest-warnings
mark-run.jpg
4.3 运行结果以html格式报告输出
** 4.3.1 Pytest有个用于生成html测试结果报告的插件:pytest-html,可直接使用pip命令安装。**
pip install pytest-html
4.3.2 在执行用例时,需要加上参数:--html,如:
pytest -m pytestto --disable-pytest-warnings --html=report.html
html-report.jpg
4.3.3 指定报告的存放路径,需使用如下格式,比如,指定到一个log的文件夹里:
pytest --html=./log/report.html