第2章 Python语言基础
- Python环境的搭建
- 编写第一个Python程序
- Python模块的安装和使用
- Python语言的序列、控制结构、文件处理、异常处理结构
- Socket网络编程的基础知识
- 可执行文件的转换
1.Python环境的搭建
参考资料：
- Python官网： http://www.python.org/
- Python 3官方文档：http://docs.python.org/3/
- python 3中文教程：Python3 教程 | 菜鸟教程
安装及下载：略
2.编写第一个Python程序
3.Python模块的安装与使用
4.Python序列结构
在Python中，序列是最基本的数据结构，相当于C语言中的数组结构。Python中序列结构包括列表、元组、字典等。
# 1.列表
# 创建列表
student = ['number', 'name', 'age']
num = list((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9))
print('name: {}nnum: {}'.format(student, num))
# 删除列表
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
del list_test[1]
print('del list_test[1]: {}'.format(list_test))
del list_test
# print('del list_test:{}'.format(list_test))
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "D:/array_python.py", line 20, in <module>
# print('del list_test:{}'.format(list_test))
# NameError: name 'list_test' is not defined
# 在列表尾部添加元素
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
list_test.append(8)
print('list_test.append(8): {}'.format(list_test))
list_test_2 = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
list_test.extend(list_test_2)
print('list_test.extend(list_test_2): {}'.format(list_test))
# 在列表的指定位置添加元素
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
demo = '.com'
list_test.insert(7, demo)
print('list_test.insert(7, demo): {}'.format(list_test))
# 删除列表中首次出现的元素
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
list_test.remove(0)
print('list_test.remove(0): {}'.format(list_test))
# 删除并返回列表中指定下标的元素
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
# 删除并返回列表list_test中下标元素，默认值为-1
print('list_test.pop(): {} list_test: {}'.format(list_test.pop(), list_test))
# 删除并返回列表list_test中下标为0的元素
print('list_test.pop(0): {} list_test: {}'.format(list_test.pop(0), list_test))
# 返回指定元素在列表list_test中出现的次数
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
print("list_test.count(0): {}nlist_test.count('m'): {}".format(list_test.count(0),
list_test.count('m')))
# 将列表中的所有元素逆序
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
list_test.reverse()
print("after list_test.reverse(): {}".format(list_test))
# 对列表中的元素进行排序
list_test = ['m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7]
list_test.sort(key=str, reverse=False)
print("after list_test.sort(key=str, reverse=False): {}".format(list_test))
# 2.元组
# 元组与列表不同，属于不可变序列，一旦创建后便无法对元素进行增删改，但是对元素的访问速度要比列表快得多。
tuple_test = ('m', 's', 0, 8, 0, 6, 7)
print("tuple_test: {}".format(tuple_test))
# 3.字典
# 建立字典
dic_test = {'lab': 'ms08067',
'url': 'http://ms08067.com'}
print("dic_test: {}".format(dic_test))
dic_test = dict(lab='ms08067', url='http://ms08067.com')
print("dic_test: {}".format(dic_test))
# 修改字典中的元素
dic_test = {'name': 'xiao ming', 'age': 26, 'sex': 'male'}
dic_test['age'] = 25
print("dic_test: {}".format(dic_test))
# 为字典添加新元素
dic_test = {'name': 'xiao ming', 'age': 26}
dic_test['sex'] = 'male'
print("dic_test: {}".format(dic_test))
# 返回字典中的所有元素
dic_test = {'name': 'xiao ming', 'age': 26, 'sex': 'male'}
print("dic_test.items(): {}".format(dic_test.items()))
# 删除字典中的元素
dic_test = {'name': 'xiao ming', 'age': 26, 'sex': 'male'}
del dic_test['sex']
print("dic_test: {}".format(dic_test))
5.Python控制结构
# 1.选择结构
student_score = int(input("Scores of students:"))
if student_score < 60:
print("不及格")
elif 60 <= student_score <= 80:
print("良好")
else:
print("优秀")
# 2.循环结构
# for循环
sum_num = 0
for i in range(1, 101):
sum_num = sum_num + i
else:
print('sum_num: ', sum_num)
# while循环
x = int(input('x='))
sum_num = 0
while x != 0:
sum_num = sum_num + x
x = x - 1
else:
print('sum_num = ', sum_num)
6.Python文件处理
# 1.打开文件并创建对象
string = 'hello world! n'
f = open('demo.txt', 'w')
f.write(string)
f.close()
# 向已经存在的demo.txt文件中写入"hello China!",且不清空原始内容
string = 'hello China!'
f = open('demo.txt', 'a')
f.write(string)
f.close()
# 读取文件内容
f = open('demo.txt', 'r')
print(f.readline())
f.close()
# 读取demo.txt文件的所有内容
f = open('demo.txt', 'r')
print(f.read())
f.close()
# 推荐的打开方式（自动关闭并处理现场）
with open('demo.txt', 'a') as f:
f.write('nhello ms08067')
7.Python异常处理结构
# 1.try...except...结构
math_score = input('数学成绩：')
try:
math_score = int(math_score)
if 0 <= math_score <= 100:
print("输入的数学成绩为：", math_score)
else:
print("输入不在成绩范围内。")
except Exception as e:
print('输入数值有误！')
# 2.try...except...else...结构
math_score = input('数学成绩：')
try:
math_score = int(math_score)
except Exception as e:
print('输入数值有误！')
else:
if 0 <= math_score <= 100:
print("输入的数学成绩为：", math_score)
else:
print("输入不在成绩范围内。")
# 3.try...except...finally...结构
a = int(input('a: '))
b = int(input('b: '))
try:
div = a/b
print(div)
except Exception as e:
print('The second parameter cannot be 0.')
finally:
print('运行结束！')
8.Socket网络编程
TCP服务端代码：
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('', 8002))
s.listen(1)
print('Listen at port：8002')
conn, addr = s.accept()
print('Connected by ', addr)
while True:
data = conn.recv(1024)
data = data.decode()
print('Recv：', data)
c = input('Input the content you want to send:')
conn.sendall(c.encode())
if c.lower() == 'bye': # 转小写
break
conn.close()
s.close()
TCP客户端代码：
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
try:
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
except Exception as e:
print('server not found or not open')
while True:
c = input('Input the content you want to send:')
s.sendall(c.encode())
data = s.recv(1024).decode()
print('Recv:', data)
if c.lower() == 'bye':
break
s.close()
UDP服务端代码：
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.bind(('', 8001))
while True:
data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
print(data.decode())
if data.decode().lower() == 'exit':
break
s.close()
UDP客户端代码：
import socket
import uuid
import sys
def get_mac_address():
mac=uuid.UUID(int = uuid.getnode()).hex[-12:]
return ":".join([mac[e:e+2] for e in range(0,11,2)])
ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
mac = get_mac_address()
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
info = "ip addr:" + ip + "n" + "mac addr:" + mac
s.sendto(info.encode(), ("127.0.0.1", 8001))
s.sendto(sys.argv[1].encode(), ("127.0.0.1", 8001))
s.close()
一个文件传输服务器的例子：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# File : Fileserver.py
import socketserver
import os
import re
import json
import struct
from optparse import OptionParser
def sendFile(conn, head_info,head_info_len,filename):
try:
conn.send(head_info_len)
conn.send(head_info.encode('utf-8'))
with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
conn.sendall(f.read())
print('[+]send success! '+filename)
except:
print('[-]send fail! ' + filename)
def operafile(filename):
filesize_bytes = os.path.getsize(filename)
pattern = re.compile(r'([^<>/|:""*?]+.w+$)')
data = pattern.findall(filename)
head_dir = {
'filename': data,
'filesize_bytes': filesize_bytes,
}
head_info = json.dumps(head_dir)
head_info_len = struct.pack('i', len(head_info))
return head_info_len, head_info
class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
buffsize = 1024
def handle(self):
print('[+]远程客户端ip地址：', self.client_address[0],'n')
while True:
filename = input('请输入要发送的文件名>>>').strip() #移除字符串头尾指定的字符（默认为空格或换行符）或字符序列
if(filename == "exit"):
break
head_info_len, head_info = operafile(filename)
sendFile(self.request,head_info,head_info_len,filename)
self.request.close()
def main():
parser = OptionParser("Usage:%prog -p <port> ") # 输出帮助信息
parser.add_option('-p',type='string',dest='port',help='specify targer port') # 获取ip地址参数
options,args = parser.parse_args()
port = int(options.port)
print("[+]listening at " + str(port))
s = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(('0.0.0.0', port), MyServer) #
s.serve_forever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("interrupted by user, killing all threads...")
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# File : Fileclient.py
from socket import *
import os
import sys
import json
import struct
from optparse import OptionParser
def recv_file(head_dir, tcp_client):
filename = head_dir['filename']
filesize = head_dir['filesize_bytes']
print("[+]filename: "+filename[0])
print("[+]filesize: "+ str(filesize))
recv_len = 0
f = open(filename[0], 'wb')
while recv_len < filesize:
if(filesize > 1024):
recv_mesg = tcp_client.recv(1024)
recv_len += len(recv_mesg)
f.write(recv_mesg)
else:
recv_mesg = tcp_client.recv(filesize)
recv_len += len(recv_mesg)
f.write(recv_mesg)
f.close()
print('[+]文件传输完成!')
def main():
parser = OptionParser("Usage:%prog -u <target address> -p <port> ") # 输出帮助信息
parser.add_option('-u', type='string', dest='ip', help='specify targer ip') # 获取ip地址参数
parser.add_option('-p', type='string', dest='port', help='specify targer port') # 获取ip地址参数
options,args = parser.parse_args()
target_port = int(options.port)
target_ip = options.ip
tcp_client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) # socket初始化
ip_port = ((target_ip, target_port))
tcp_client.connect_ex(ip_port)
print('[+]等待服务端应答数据....')
struct_len = tcp_client.recv(4) # 接收报头长度
struct_info_len = struct.unpack('i', struct_len)[0] # 解析得到报头信息的长度
print("[+]接收头信息长度：" + str(struct_info_len))
head_info = tcp_client.recv(struct_info_len)
head_dir = json.loads(head_info.decode('utf-8')) # 将报头的内容反序列化
print("[+]输出头部信息内容：" + str(head_dir))
recv_file(head_dir, tcp_client)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("interrupted by user, killing all threads...")
9.可执行文件的转换
import os
def banner():
print('########################################################################################n'
'###################################-->贝塔安全实验室<--##################################n'
'########################################################################################n')
def start():
banner()
info = os.system("whoamin")
while True:
info = input("n Btea->")
os.system(info)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
start()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("interrupted by user, killing all threads...")
在win7下的打包效果：
(py36Env) D:>pyinstaller -F -i cmd.ico cmd.py
206 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.1
207 INFO: Python: 3.6.8
207 INFO: Platform: Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1
209 INFO: wrote D:2.9.1cmd.spec
223 INFO: UPX is not available.
226 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['D:2.9.1',
'D:2.9.1']
316 INFO: checking Analysis
321 INFO: Building because inputs changed
322 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
328 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
374 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
22025 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
22185 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
22229 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of
final executable
required by c:usersadministrator.user-20200521wfenvspy36envscriptspython
.exe
22736 INFO: Analyzing D:2.9.1cmd.py
22741 INFO: Processing module hooks...
22742 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-difflib.py' from 'c:usersadministrator
.user-20200521wfenvspy36envlibsite-packagesPyInstallerhooks'...
22745 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module difflib
22746 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from 'c:usersadministrat
or.user-20200521wfenvspy36envlibsite-packagesPyInstallerhooks'...
22920 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'c:usersadministrator.u
ser-20200521wfenvspy36envlibsite-packagesPyInstallerhooks'...
22923 INFO: Excluding import of doctest from module heapq
22924 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'c:usersadministrator.
user-20200521wfenvspy36envlibsite-packagesPyInstallerhooks'...
22926 INFO: Excluding import of argparse from module pickle
22927 INFO: Loading module hook 'hook-xml.py' from 'c:usersadministrator.use
r-20200521wfenvspy36envlibsite-packagesPyInstallerhooks'...
23635 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
23635 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
23646 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
23811 INFO: Looking for eggs
23811 INFO: Using Python library c:usersadministrator.user-20200521wfenvspy3
6envscriptspython36.dll
23812 INFO: Found binding redirects:
[]
23818 INFO: Warnings written to D:2.9.1buildcmdwarn-cmd.txt
23894 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to D:2.9.1buildcmdxref-cmd.html
23915 INFO: checking PYZ
23918 INFO: Building because name changed
23918 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:2.9.1buildcmdPYZ-00.pyz
25042 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) D:2.9.1buildcmdPYZ-00.pyz completed succes
sfully.
25062 INFO: checking PKG
25066 INFO: Building because name changed
25066 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
30186 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
30232 INFO: Bootloader c:usersadministrator.user-20200521wfenvspy36envlibs
ite-packagesPyInstallerbootloaderWindows-64bitrun.exe
30233 INFO: checking EXE
30240 INFO: Building because name changed
30241 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
30258 INFO: Copying icons from ['cmd.ico']
30265 INFO: Writing RT_GROUP_ICON 0 resource with 20 bytes
30266 INFO: Writing RT_ICON 1 resource with 67624 bytes
30286 INFO: Updating manifest in D:2.9.1buildcmdrun.exe.6cjz5g5s
30294 INFO: Updating resource type 24 name 1 language 0
30308 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:2.9.1distcmd.exe
30359 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
(py36Env) D:2.9.1>
10.小结
- Python语言简介
- Windows下打包方式
本文章为转载内容，我们尊重原作者对文章享有的著作权。如有内容错误或侵权问题，欢迎原作者联系我们进行内容更正或删除文章。
