在Android中,使用摄像头拍照一般有两种方法, 一种是调用系统自带的Camera,另一种是自己写一个摄像的界面。

      我们要添加如下权限:(在Androidmanifest.xml文件中添加权限)


<uses-permission android:name=          "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"          />         


          <uses-permission android:name=          "android.permission.CAMERA"          />




1、调用系统Camera

      调用系统自带的Camera主要的步骤为:

(1)构造图片存储的路径名

(2)使用Intent启动Camera Activity

(3)将拍摄的图片写入到文件

(4)将图片显示在MainActivity中

      首先,构造图片名:


File filePath =              new              File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),              "myCamera"             );            


             if             (!filePath.exists()){            


                          filePath.mkdirs();            


             }            


             fileName =              new              File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +              ".jpg"             );            


             try             {            


                          if             (!fileName.exists()){            


                          fileName.createNewFile();            


                          }            


             }             catch              (Exception e){            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


             }



      然后,启动Camera Activity:

// intent用来启动系统自带的Camera            


             Intent intent =              new              Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);            


             // 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件            


                          intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));            


             // 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息            


                          startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);



      最后,将图片显示在MainActivity内。这时,我们通过重载onActivityResult()方法来获取Camera返回的消息。

@Override            


             protected              void              onActivityResult(             int              requestCode,              int              resultCode, Intent data){            


                          if             (requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){            


                          // MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内            


                          imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));            


                          }            


             }



完整代码为:

import              .Activity;            


             import              android.content.Intent;            


             import              android.net.Uri;            


             import              android.os.Bundle;            


             import              android.os.Environment;            


             import              android.provider.MediaStore;            


             import              android.util.Log;            


             import              android.view.View;            


             import              android.widget.Button;            


             import              android.widget.ImageView;            


             import              java.io.File;            


             public              class              MainActivity              extends              Activity {            


                          private              File fileName =              null             ;            


                          private              Button button;            


                          private              ImageView imageView;            


                          @Override            


                          protected              void              onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {            


                          super             .onCreate(savedInstanceState);            


                          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);            


                          button = (Button)findViewById(.button);            


                          imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(.imageView);            


                          button.setOnClickListener(             new              View.OnClickListener() {            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              onClick(View v) {            


                          File filePath =              new              File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),              "myCamera"             );            


                          if             (!filePath.exists()){            


                          filePath.mkdirs();            


                          }            


                          fileName =              new              File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +              ".jpg"             );            


                          try             {            


                          if             (!fileName.exists()){            


                          fileName.createNewFile();            


                          }            


                          }             catch              (Exception e){            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


                          }            


                          // intent用来启动系统自带的Camera            


                          Intent intent =              new              Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);            


                          // 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件            


                          intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));            


                          // 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息            


                          startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);            


                          }            


                          });            


                          }            


                          @Override            


                          protected              void              onActivityResult(             int              requestCode,              int              resultCode, Intent data){            


                          if             (requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){            


                          // MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内            


                          imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));            


                          }            


                          }            


             }



2、自己写一个摄像界面

      自己写摄像的界面,主要应用了SurfaceView来显示摄像机的画面。然后通过一个Button来保存当前的画面。

      同样的,我们需要添加camera和SDCard权限:

<uses-permission android:name=             "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"             />            


             <uses-permission android:name=             "android.permission.CAMERA"             />




      首先,我们初始化这个SurfaceView,为这个SurfaceView添加一个对应的Callback即可:

private              SurfaceView surfaceView;            


             private              SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;            


             surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(.surfaceView);            


                          callback =              new              SurfaceHolder.Callback(){            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {            


                          startCamera();              // 用于启动摄像头            


                          }            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,              int              format,              int              width,              int              height) {            


                          }            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {            


                          stopCamera();              // 用于关闭摄像头            


                          }            


                          };            


                          surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback);              // 将Callback绑定到SurfaceView



      在启动摄像头的时候,首先打开摄像头连接,然后将其图像输出到SurfaceView上,然后启动摄像头预览即可在SurfaceView上显示摄像头的画面,这里的画面和实际画面相差有90度,所以我们需要将图像旋转90度之后才可以和拍摄的物体方向一致。

      在关闭摄像头时,只要停止预览,然后释放摄像头资源即可。

public              void              startCamera(){            


                          camera = Camera.open();            


                          try              {            


                          camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());            


                          camera.setDisplayOrientation(             90             );            


                          camera.startPreview();            


                          }              catch              (IOException e) {            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


                          }            


             }            


             public              void              stopCamera(){            


                          camera.stopPreview();            


                          camera.release();            


                          camera =              null             ;            


             }



      最后,是将拍摄到的图片保存到SDCard,我们单击Button来拍摄图片,调用Camera.takePicture()方法,其原型为:

/**            


                          * Equivalent to takePicture(shutter, raw, null, jpeg).            


                          *            


                          * @see #takePicture(ShutterCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback)            


                          */            


                          public              final              void              takePicture(ShutterCallback shutter, PictureCallback raw,            


                          PictureCallback jpeg) {            


                          takePicture(shutter, raw,              null             , jpeg);            


                          }



      其中,shutter为按快门瞬间的回调,就是说按快门瞬间会调用ShutterCallback.onShutter()方法。raw是未压缩的图像的回调,即处理图像原始数据的时候会调用PictureCallback.onPictureTaken()方法。jpeg为处理JPEG图片时候的回调,即我们需要将图像数据按照jpg格式保存的时候会调用这个方法,PictureCallback.onPIctureTaken()。这里我们就调用了这个方法,从而将jpg图片存储到SDCard上。

button.setOnClickListener(             new              View.OnClickListener() {            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              onClick(View v) {            


                          camera.takePicture(             null             ,              null             ,              new              Camera.PictureCallback() {            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              onPictureTaken(             byte             [] data, Camera camera) {            


                          try              {            


                          File filePath =              new              File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),              "myCamera"             );            


                          if             (!filePath.exists()) {            


                          filePath.mkdirs();            


                          }            


                          File fileName =              new              File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +              ".jpg"             );            


                          fileName.createNewFile();            


                          FileOutputStream fos =              new              FileOutputStream(fileName);            


                          fos.write(data);            


                          fos.flush();            


                          fos.close();            


                          }              catch              (IOException e) {            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


                          }            


                          }            


                          });            


                          }            


                          });



      这样,我们便实现了用SurfaceView预览摄像头画面,点击Button将当前预览保存到SDCard中。

完整代码如下:

import              .Activity;            


             import              android.hardware.Camera;            


             import              android.os.Bundle;            


             import              android.os.Environment;            


             import              android.view.SurfaceHolder;            


             import              android.view.SurfaceView;            


             import              android.view.View;            


             import              android.widget.Button;            


             import              java.io.File;            


             import              java.io.FileOutputStream;            


             import              java.io.IOException;            


             public              class              MainActivity              extends              Activity {            


                          private              Camera camera;            


                          private              Button button;            


                          private              SurfaceView surfaceView;            


                          private              SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;            


                          @Override            


                          protected              void              onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {            


                          super             .onCreate(savedInstanceState);            


                          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);            


                          button = (Button)findViewById(.button);            


                          surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(.surfaceView);            


                          callback =              new              SurfaceHolder.Callback(){            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {            


                          startCamera();            


                          }            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder,              int              format,              int              width,              int              height) {            


                          }            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {            


                          stopCamera();            


                          }            


                          };            


                          surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback);            


                          button.setOnClickListener(             new              View.OnClickListener() {            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              onClick(View v) {            


                          camera.takePicture(             null             ,              null             ,              new              Camera.PictureCallback() {            


                          @Override            


                          public              void              onPictureTaken(             byte             [] data, Camera camera) {            


                          try              {            


                          File filePath =              new              File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),              "myCamera"             );            


                          if             (!filePath.exists()) {            


                          filePath.mkdirs();            


                          }            


                          File fileName =              new              File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() +              ".jpg"             );            


                          fileName.createNewFile();            


                          FileOutputStream fos =              new              FileOutputStream(fileName);            


                          fos.write(data);            


                          fos.flush();            


                          fos.close();            


                          }              catch              (IOException e) {            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


                          }            


                          }            


                          });            


                          }            


                          });            


                          }            


                          public              void              startCamera(){            


                          camera = Camera.open();            


                          try              {            


                          camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());            


                          camera.setDisplayOrientation(             90             );            


                          camera.startPreview();            


                          }              catch              (IOException e) {            


                          e.printStackTrace();            


                          }            


                          }            


                          public              void              stopCamera(){            


                          camera.stopPreview();            


                          camera.release();            


                          camera =              null             ;            


                          }            


             }

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