1、首先创建一个项目文件夹为:angular2-webapp,如下图所示:
2、然后在该文件下创建一个package.json文件,此文件是npm管理包的文件,可以通过此文件的配置安装相应的包,如下代码所示:
{
"name": "angular2-webapp",
"version": "0.0.0",
"scripts": {
"ng": "ng",
"start": "ng serve",
"build": "ng build",
"test": "ng test",
"lint": "ng lint",
"e2e": "ng e2e"
},
"private": true,
"dependencies": {
"@angular/animations": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/common": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/compiler": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/core": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/forms": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/platform-browser": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/router": "~7.1.0",
"core-js": "^2.5.4",
"rxjs": "~6.3.3",
"tslib": "^1.9.0",
"zone.js": "~0.8.26"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@angular-devkit/build-angular": "~0.11.0",
"@angular/cli": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/compiler-cli": "~7.1.0",
"@angular/language-service": "~7.1.0",
"@types/node": "~8.9.4",
"@types/jasmine": "~2.8.8",
"@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.3",
"codelyzer": "~4.5.0",
"jasmine-core": "~2.99.1",
"jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.2.1",
"karma": "~3.1.1",
"karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.2.0",
"karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "~2.0.1",
"karma-jasmine": "~1.1.2",
"karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^0.2.2",
"protractor": "~5.4.0",
"ts-node": "~7.0.0",
"tslint": "~5.11.0",
"typescript": "~3.1.6"
}
}
3、创建好文件之后该目录只有一个文件,如下图所示:
4、打开dos窗口进入到该目录中,然后执行npm install即可安装依赖包,如下图所示:
5、下载完成后,如果没出现错误说明安装成功,如下图所示:
6、下载完后的目录如下图所示:
7、新建一个angular.json文件,此文件是配置angular的目录结构对应的文件,包括index.html,main.ts等,文件内容如下:
{
"$schema": "./node_modules/@angular/cli/lib/config/schema.json",
"version": 1,
"newProjectRoot": "projects",
"projects": {
"angular2-webapp": {
"root": "",
"sourceRoot": "src",
"projectType": "application",
"prefix": "app",
"schematics": {},
"architect": {
"build": {
"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
"options": {
"index": "src/index.html",
"main": "src/main.ts",
"tsConfig": "src/tsconfig.app.json",
}
},
"serve": {
"builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
"options": {
"browserTarget": "angular2-webapp:build"
},
"configurations": {
"production": {
"browserTarget": "angular2-webapp:build:production"
}
}
}
}
}
},
"defaultProject": "angular2-webapp"
}
8、在该配置文件需要一个src目录,在src目录有3个文件,分别是index.html(主页)、main.ts程序入口文件、tsConfig.app.json(typescript编译所需的配置文件),如下图所示:
9、创建一个src文件,如下图所示:
10、然后分别创建三个文件:index.html、main.ts、tsConfig.app.json,如下图所示:
11、main.ts文件内容为:
12、index.html内容如下图所示:
13、tsConfig.app.json文件如下所示:
14、然后在angular2-webapp执行ng serve,会提示错误,如下图所示:
15、出现错误的原因是在angular.json文件中缺少outputPath,只需要添加即可,如下图所示:
16、然后执行ng serve --open,即可开始编译ts文件,如下图所示:
17、在运行时出现错误说是找不到AppModule,这是由于在main.ts文件中不存在AppModule,如下图所示:
18、然后将AppModule更换成AppComponent,如下图所示:
19、然后重新编译运行,在浏览器中会出现NgModule错误,这是由于AppComponent必须在NgModule中,也就是说AppComponent以模块的方式存在,如下图所示:
20、在src中创建一个app目录,并在该目录中创建一个app.component.ts,如下图所示:
21、app.component.ts文件内容如下:
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({//使用@Component装饰器来定义一个AppComponent组件,Component组件是创建用户界面的主要组件
selector: 'app',//组件标签,定义之后就可以在html文件中使用<app></app>直接使用该组件了
template: '<h1>Hello {{title}}',
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'World';//标题
}
22、然后在main.ts文件中更改为:
import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';//导入NgModule,NgModule是我们组织Angular应用所必须的
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';//导入BrowserModule,导入 BrowserModule 是因为它提供了启动和运行浏览器应用的那些基本的服务提供商.
import { AppComponent } from 'app/app.component';
@NgModule({//我们在 @NgModule 的元数据中配置我们导入的模块,因为我们需要依赖 BrowserModule 所以我们在 imports 中添加了它,然后我们又在 declarations 和 bootstrap 选项中添加了 AppComponent 组件.
declarations: [
AppComponent//在 declarations添加了 AppComponent 组件
],
imports: [
BrowserModule
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]//bootstrap选项中添加了 AppComponent 组件
})
export class AppModule { }
platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule).catch(err => console.error(err));
23、然后重新编译,在浏览器中出现没有Zone.js文件,如下图所示:
24、出现此问题可以通过在angular.json文件中添加polyfills项,并指向一个polyfills.ts,如下图所示:
25、polyfills.ts文件主要是在导入一些包,如下代码所示:
/**
* This file includes polyfills needed by Angular and is loaded before the app.
* You can add your own extra polyfills to this file.
*
* This file is divided into 2 sections:
* 1. Browser polyfills. These are applied before loading ZoneJS and are sorted by browsers.
* 2. Application imports. Files imported after ZoneJS that should be loaded before your main
* file.
*
* The current setup is for so-called "evergreen" browsers; the last versions of browsers that
* automatically update themselves. This includes Safari >= 10, Chrome >= 55 (including Opera),
* Edge >= 13 on the desktop, and iOS 10 and Chrome on mobile.
*
* Learn more in https://angular.io/guide/browser-support
*/
/***************************************************************************************************
* BROWSER POLYFILLS
*/
/** IE9, IE10 and IE11 requires all of the following polyfills. **/
// import 'core-js/es6/symbol';
// import 'core-js/es6/object';
// import 'core-js/es6/function';
// import 'core-js/es6/parse-int';
// import 'core-js/es6/parse-float';
// import 'core-js/es6/number';
// import 'core-js/es6/math';
// import 'core-js/es6/string';
// import 'core-js/es6/date';
// import 'core-js/es6/array';
// import 'core-js/es6/regexp';
// import 'core-js/es6/map';
// import 'core-js/es6/weak-map';
// import 'core-js/es6/set';
/**
* If the application will be indexed by Google Search, the following is required.
* Googlebot uses a renderer based on Chrome 41.
* https://developers.google.com/search/docs/guides/rendering
**/
// import 'core-js/es6/array';
/** IE10 and IE11 requires the following for NgClass support on SVG elements */
// import 'classlist.js'; // Run `npm install --save classlist.js`.
/** IE10 and IE11 requires the following for the Reflect API. */
// import 'core-js/es6/reflect';
/**
* Web Animations `@angular/platform-browser/animations`
* Only required if AnimationBuilder is used within the application and using IE/Edge or Safari.
* Standard animation support in Angular DOES NOT require any polyfills (as of Angular 6.0).
**/
// import 'web-animations-js'; // Run `npm install --save web-animations-js`.
/**
* By default, zone.js will patch all possible macroTask and DomEvents
* user can disable parts of macroTask/DomEvents patch by setting following flags
*/
// (window as any).__Zone_disable_requestAnimationFrame = true; // disable patch requestAnimationFrame
// (window as any).__Zone_disable_on_property = true; // disable patch onProperty such as onclick
// (window as any).__zone_symbol__BLACK_LISTED_EVENTS = ['scroll', 'mousemove']; // disable patch specified eventNames
/*
* in IE/Edge developer tools, the addEventListener will also be wrapped by zone.js
* with the following flag, it will bypass `zone.js` patch for IE/Edge
*/
// (window as any).__Zone_enable_cross_context_check = true;
/***************************************************************************************************
* Zone JS is required by default for Angular itself.
*/
import 'zone.js/dist/zone'; // Included with Angular CLI.
/***************************************************************************************************
* APPLICATION IMPORTS
*/
26、再次重新ng serve --open,如下图所示:
27、此时在浏览器中运行成功,如下图所示: