Session

概念:

服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。HttpSession

快速入门:

1.获取 HttpSession 对象:
HttpSession session = request.getSession() 2.使用HttpSesion对象:
Object getAttribute(String name)void setAttribute(Strig name,Object value)void removeAttribute(String name)

//使用session来共享数据

        //1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //2.存储数据
        session.setAttribute("msg","hahsss");
//使用session来获取数据

        //1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //2.获取数据
        Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
原理:session的实现是依赖于cookie的

html显示session信息_java

细节:

1.当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
默认情况下。不是。
如果需要相同,则可以创建cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存。

//1.获取session
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //期望客户端关闭后,session也能相同
        Cookie c=new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
        c.setMaxAge(60*60);
        response.addCookie(c);

2.客户端不关闭,服务器关闭,两次获取的session是否为同一个?
不是同一个,但要确保数据不丢失
session的钝化:
在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象序列化到硬盘上
session的活化:
在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可
3.session什么时候被销毁?

  • 服务器关闭
  • session对象调用invalidate()方法
  • session默认失效时间 30分钟
  • 选择性的修改配置
<session-config>
	<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
session的特点:

1.session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存储在服务器端
2.session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据

session与cookie的区别:

1.session存数据在服务器端 ,cookie在客户端
2.session没有数据大小限制,cookie有
3.session存储数据安全,cookie相对于不安全

案例

1.验证码Servlet

package com.hu.web.anli;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width=100;
        int height=50;
        //1.创建一个对象,在内存中代表一个图片(验证码图片对象)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //2.美化图片
        //2.1填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //2.2画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);

        String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran=new Random();
        StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符
            char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
            sb.append(ch);
            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }
        String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
        //将验证码存入session
        request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);

        //2.4画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        //随机生成坐标点
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);

            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);

            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }




        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

2.登录Servlet

package com.hu.web.anli;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置request编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //2.获取参数
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
        //3.先获取生成的验证码
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
        //删除session中存储的验证码
        session.removeAttribute("checkCode_session");

        //3.先判断验证码是否正确
        if(checkCode_session!=null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){
            //忽略大小写比较字符串
            //验证码一致
            //判断用户名和密码是否一致
            if("zhangsan".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)){//需要调用UserDao查询数据库
                //登录成功
                //存储用户信息
                session.setAttribute("user",username);
                //重定向到success.jsp
                response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");

            }else{
                //登录失败
                //存储提示信息到request
                request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
                //转发到登录页面
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            }
        }else{
            //验证码不一致
            //存储提示信息到request
            request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
            //转发到登录页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

3.登录JSP

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>login</title>

    <script>
        window.onload=function () {
            document.getElementById("img").onclick=function () {

                this.src="/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
            }
        }

    </script>

    <style>
        div{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/loginServlet" method="post">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>用户名</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>密码</td>
                <td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>验证码</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/checkCodeServlet"></td>
                <%--图片src是一次单独的请求所以请求login.jsp实质上是两次请求--%>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="登录"></td>
            </tr>


        </table>
    </form>

    <div>
        <%=
            request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "":request.getAttribute("cc_error")
        %>
    </div>
    <div>
        <%=
            request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error")
        %>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

4.登录成功JSP

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您</h1>
</body>
</html>