Session
概念:
服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。HttpSession
快速入门:
1.获取 HttpSession 对象:HttpSession session = request.getSession()
2.使用HttpSesion对象:Object getAttribute(String name)
void setAttribute(Strig name,Object value)
void removeAttribute(String name)
//使用session来共享数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.存储数据
session.setAttribute("msg","hahsss");
//使用session来获取数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.获取数据
Object msg = session.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
原理:session的实现是依赖于cookie的
细节:
1.当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
默认情况下。不是。
如果需要相同,则可以创建cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存。
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//期望客户端关闭后,session也能相同
Cookie c=new Cookie("JSESSIONID",session.getId());
c.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(c);
2.客户端不关闭,服务器关闭,两次获取的session是否为同一个?
不是同一个,但要确保数据不丢失
session的钝化:
在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象序列化到硬盘上
session的活化:
在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可
3.session什么时候被销毁?
- 服务器关闭
- session对象调用
invalidate()
方法 - session默认失效时间 30分钟
- 选择性的修改配置
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
session的特点:
1.session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存储在服务器端
2.session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据
session与cookie的区别:
1.session存数据在服务器端 ,cookie在客户端
2.session没有数据大小限制,cookie有
3.session存储数据安全,cookie相对于不安全
案例
1.验证码Servlet
package com.hu.web.anli;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width=100;
int height=50;
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中代表一个图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2.美化图片
//2.1填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
//生成随机角标
Random ran=new Random();
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
sb.append(ch);
//2.3写验证码
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
String checkCode_session = sb.toString();
//将验证码存入session
request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode_session",checkCode_session);
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
2.登录Servlet
package com.hu.web.anli;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置request编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String checkCode = request.getParameter("checkCode");
//3.先获取生成的验证码
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkCode_session = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode_session");
//删除session中存储的验证码
session.removeAttribute("checkCode_session");
//3.先判断验证码是否正确
if(checkCode_session!=null && checkCode_session.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)){
//忽略大小写比较字符串
//验证码一致
//判断用户名和密码是否一致
if("zhangsan".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)){//需要调用UserDao查询数据库
//登录成功
//存储用户信息
session.setAttribute("user",username);
//重定向到success.jsp
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
}else{
//登录失败
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("login_error","用户名或密码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}else{
//验证码不一致
//存储提示信息到request
request.setAttribute("cc_error","验证码错误");
//转发到登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
3.登录JSP
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
<script>
window.onload=function () {
document.getElementById("img").onclick=function () {
this.src="/checkCodeServlet?time="+new Date().getTime();
}
}
</script>
<style>
div{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/loginServlet" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td><input type="text" name="checkCode"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img id="img" src="/checkCodeServlet"></td>
<%--图片src是一次单独的请求所以请求login.jsp实质上是两次请求--%>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="登录"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<div>
<%=
request.getAttribute("cc_error") == null ? "":request.getAttribute("cc_error")
%>
</div>
<div>
<%=
request.getAttribute("login_error") == null ? "" : request.getAttribute("login_error")
%>
</div>
</body>
</html>
4.登录成功JSP
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%>,欢迎您</h1>
</body>
</html>