一、Unsafe简介
sun.misc.Unsafe类型从名字看,这个类应该是封装了一些不安全的操作。
1、可以用来在任意内存地址位置处读写数据,可见,对于普通用户来说,使用起来还是比较危险的;
2、还支持一些CAS原子操作;
Java无法直接访问底层操作系统,而是通过本地(native)方法来访问。不过尽管如此,JVM还是开了一个后门,JDK中有一个类Unsafe,它提供了硬件级别的原子操作。
这个类尽管里面的方法都是public的,但是并没有办法使用它们,JDK API文档也没有提供任何关于这个类的方法的解释。总而言之,对于Unsafe类的使用都是受限制的,只有授信的代码才能获得该类的实例,当然JDK库里面的类是可以随意使用的。
从第一行的描述可以了解到Unsafe提供了硬件级别的操作,比如说获取某个属性在内存中的位置,比如说修改对象的字段值,即使它是私有的。不过Java本身就是为了屏蔽底层的差异,对于一般的开发而言也很少会有这样的需求。
举两个例子,比方说:
public native long staticFieldOffset(Field paramField);
这个方法可以用来获取给定的paramField的内存地址偏移量,这个值对于给定的field是唯一的且是固定不变的。
二、Unsafe源码分析
2.1、类图结构
2.2、数据结构
2.2、Unsafe中的lock
2.3、成员变量
2.3、构造函数
private Unsafe()
{
}
public static Unsafe getUnsafe()
{
Class class1 = Reflection.getCallerClass();
if(!VM.isSystemDomainLoader(class1.getClassLoader()))
throw new SecurityException("Unsafe");
else
return theUnsafe;
}
*不能直接new Unsafe()
,原因是Unsafe
被设计成单例模式,构造方法是私有的;
*不能通过调用Unsafe.getUnsafe()获取,因为getUnsafe被设计成只能从引导类加载器(bootstrap class loader)加载,从getUnsafe的源码中也可以看出来;
JDK的开发人员并不希望大家使用这个类。获得Unsafe实例的方法是只能调用其工厂方法getUnsafe()。上面其中的if(!VM.isSystemDomainLoader(class1.getClassLoader()))的判断是为了只有JDK内部类调用。其它应用层调用它都报错。
示例1:通过下面的例子可以测试:
package com.dxz.unsafe;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
sun.misc.Unsafe u = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
System.out.println(u);
}
}
在if(!VM.isSystemDomainLoader(class1.getClassLoader()))处打个断点,然后watch下Reflection.getCallerClass()的值,如下图:
说明:根据Java 类加载器的工作原理,应用程序的类由AppLoader加载。而系统核心类,如rt.jar中的类由Bootstrap类加载器加载。Bootstrap加载器没有Java对象的对象,因此试图获得这个类加载器会返回null。所以,当一个类的类加载器为null时,说明它是由Bootstrap加载的,而这个类也极有可能是rt.jar中的类。
三、Unsafe类提供了硬件级别的原子操作,主要提供了以下功能:
1、通过Unsafe类可以分配内存,可以释放内存;
类中提供的3个本地方法allocateMemory、reallocateMemory、freeMemory分别用于分配内存,扩充内存和释放内存,与C语言中的3个方法对应。
//分配内存
public native long allocateMemory(long l);
//扩充内存
public native long reallocateMemory(long l, long l1);
//释放内存
public native void freeMemory(long l);
2、可以定位对象某字段的内存位置,也可以修改对象的字段值,即使它是私有的;
字段的定位:
JAVA中对象的字段的定位可能通过native staticFieldOffset方法实现,该方法返回给定field的内存地址偏移量,这个值对于给定的filed是唯一的且是固定不变的。
native getIntVolatile方法获取对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
native getLong方法获取对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值。
数组元素定位:
Unsafe类中有很多以BASE_OFFSET结尾的常量,比如ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET,ARRAY_BYTE_BASE_OFFSET等,这些常量值是通过arrayBaseOffset方法得到的。arrayBaseOffset方法是一个本地方法,可以获取数组第一个元素的偏移地址。Unsafe类中还有很多以INDEX_SCALE结尾的常量,比如 ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE , ARRAY_BYTE_INDEX_SCALE等,这些常量值是通过arrayIndexScale方法得到的。arrayIndexScale方法也是一个本地方法,可以获取数组的转换因子,也就是数组中元素的增量地址。将arrayBaseOffset与arrayIndexScale配合使用,可以定位数组中每个元素在内存中的位置。
public final class Unsafe {
public static final int ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET;
public static final int ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE;
public native long staticFieldOffset(Field field);
public native int getIntVolatile(Object obj, long l);
public native long getLong(Object obj, long l);
public native int arrayBaseOffset(Class class1);
public native int arrayIndexScale(Class class1);
static
{
ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset([I);
ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale([I);
}
}
3、挂起与恢复
将一个线程进行挂起是通过park方法实现的,调用park后,线程将一直阻塞直到超时或者中断等条件出现。unpark可以终止一个挂起的线程,使其恢复正常。整个并发框架中对线程的挂起操作被封装在LockSupport类中,LockSupport类中有各种版本pack方法,但最终都调用了Unsafe.park()方法。
public class LockSupport {
public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
if (thread != null)
unsafe.unpark(thread);
}
public static void park(Object blocker) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
setBlocker(t, blocker);
unsafe.park(false, 0L);
setBlocker(t, null);
}
public static void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos) {
if (nanos > 0) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
setBlocker(t, blocker);
unsafe.park(false, nanos);
setBlocker(t, null);
}
}
public static void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
setBlocker(t, blocker);
unsafe.park(true, deadline);
setBlocker(t, null);
}
public static void park() {
unsafe.park(false, 0L);
}
public static void parkNanos(long nanos) {
if (nanos > 0)
unsafe.park(false, nanos);
}
public static void parkUntil(long deadline) {
unsafe.park(true, deadline);
}
}
上面调用的Unsafe中的park和unpark的native方法如下:
public native void unpark(Object obj);
public native void park(boolean flag, long l);
4、CAS操作
是通过compareAndSwapXXX方法实现的
/**
* 比较obj的offset处内存位置中的值和期望的值,如果相同则更新。此更新是不可中断的。
*
* @param obj 需要更新的对象
* @param offset obj中整型field的偏移量
* @param expect 希望field中存在的值
* @param update 如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同,设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return 如果field的值被更改返回true
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object obj, long offset, int expect, int update);
CAS操作有3个操作数,内存值M,预期值E,新值U,如果M==E,则将内存值修改为B,否则啥都不做。
看下natUnsafe.cc中的c++实现吧,加深理解,其实就是将内存值与预期值作比较,判断是否相等,相等的话,写入数据,不相等不做操作,返回旧数据;
static inline bool
compareAndSwap (volatile jint *addr, jint old, jint new_val)
{
jboolean result = false;
spinlock lock;
if ((result = (*addr == old)))
*addr = new_val;
return result;
}
5、putLong,putInt,putDouble,putChar,putObject等方法,直接修改内存数据(可以越过访问权限)
这里,还有put对应的get方法,很简单就是直接读取内存地址处的数据,不做举例;
我们可以举个putLong(Object, long, long)方法详细看下其具体实现,其它的类似,先看Java的源码,没啥好看的,就声明了一个native本地方法:
三个参数说明下:
Object o//对象引用
long offset//对象内存地址的偏移量
long x//写入的数据
public native void putLong(Object o, long offset, long x);
还是看下natUnsafe.cc中的c++实现吧,很简单,就是计算要写入数据的内存地址,然后写入数据,如下:
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putLong (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
{
jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);//计算要修改的数据的内存地址=对象地址+成员属性地址偏移量
spinlock lock;//自旋锁,通过循环来获取锁, i386处理器需要加锁访问64位数据,如果是int,则不需要改行代码
*addr = value;//往该内存地址位置直接写入数据
}
示例2:即使User类的成员属性是私有的且没有提供对外的public方法,我们还是可以直接在它们的内存地址位置处写入数据,并成功;
package com.dxz.unsafe;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
class User {
private String name = "test";
private long id = 1;
private int age = 2;
private double height = 1.72;
@Override
public String toString() {
return name + "," + id + "," + age + "," + height;
}
}
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException,
IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
// 通过反射得到theUnsafe对应的Field对象
Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
// 设置该Field为可访问
field.setAccessible(true);
// 通过Field得到该Field对应的具体对象,传入null是因为该Field为static的
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
User user = new User();
System.out.println(user); // 打印test,1,2,1.72
Class userClass = user.getClass();
Field name = userClass.getDeclaredField("name");
Field id = userClass.getDeclaredField("id");
Field age = userClass.getDeclaredField("age");
Field height = userClass.getDeclaredField("height");
// 直接往内存地址写数据
unsafe.putObject(user, unsafe.objectFieldOffset(name), "midified-name");
unsafe.putLong(user, unsafe.objectFieldOffset(id), 100l);
unsafe.putInt(user, unsafe.objectFieldOffset(age), 101);
unsafe.putDouble(user, unsafe.objectFieldOffset(height), 100.1);
System.out.println(user);// 打印midified-name,100,101,100.1
}
}
结果:
test,1,2,1.72
midified-name,100,101,100.1
6、getLongVolatile/putLongVolatile等等方法
这类方法使用volatile语义去存取数据,我的理解就是各个线程不缓存数据,直接在内存中读取数据;
四、JDK或开源框架中使用
LockSupport中park阻塞,和unpark解除阻塞。
concurrent中中的cas调用。
五、源码
Unsafe源码:
//下面是sun.misc.Unsafe.java类源码
package sun.misc;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
/***
* This class should provide access to low-level operations and its
* use should be limited to trusted code. Fields can be accessed using
* memory addresses, with undefined behaviour occurring if invalid memory
* addresses are given.
* 这个类提供了一个更底层的操作并且应该在受信任的代码中使用。可以通过内存地址
* 存取fields,如果给出的内存地址是无效的那么会有一个不确定的运行表现。
*
* @author Tom Tromey (tromey@redhat.com)
* @author Andrew John Hughes (gnu_andrew@member.fsf.org)
*/
public class Unsafe
{
// Singleton class.
private static Unsafe unsafe = new Unsafe();
/***
* Private default constructor to prevent creation of an arbitrary
* number of instances.
* 使用私有默认构造器防止创建多个实例
*/
private Unsafe()
{
}
/***
* Retrieve the singleton instance of <code>Unsafe</code>. The calling
* method should guard this instance from untrusted code, as it provides
* access to low-level operations such as direct memory access.
* 获取<code>Unsafe</code>的单例,这个方法调用应该防止在不可信的代码中实例,
* 因为unsafe类提供了一个低级别的操作,例如直接内存存取。
*
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and prevents
* access to the system properties.
* 如果安全管理器不存在或者禁止访问系统属性
*/
public static Unsafe getUnsafe()
{
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null)
sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
return unsafe;
}
/***
* Returns the memory address offset of the given static field.
* The offset is merely used as a means to access a particular field
* in the other methods of this class. The value is unique to the given
* field and the same value should be returned on each subsequent call.
* 返回指定静态field的内存地址偏移量,在这个类的其他方法中这个值只是被用作一个访问
* 特定field的一个方式。这个值对于 给定的field是唯一的,并且后续对该方法的调用都应该
* 返回相同的值。
*
* @param field the field whose offset should be returned.
* 需要返回偏移量的field
* @return the offset of the given field.
* 指定field的偏移量
*/
public native long objectFieldOffset(Field field);
/***
* Compares the value of the integer field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an integer field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较integer field和期望的值,如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的,因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新integer field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
* 希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
* 如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同,设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
* 如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object obj, long offset,
int expect, int update);
/***
* Compares the value of the long field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating a long field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较long field和期望的值,如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的,因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新long field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
* 希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
* 如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同,设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
* 如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapLong(Object obj, long offset,
long expect, long update);
/***
* Compares the value of the object field at the specified offset
* in the supplied object with the given expected value, and updates
* it if they match. The operation of this method should be atomic,
* thus providing an uninterruptible way of updating an object field.
* 在obj的offset位置比较object field和期望的值,如果相同则更新。这个方法
* 的操作应该是原子的,因此提供了一种不可中断的方式更新object field。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param expect the expected value of the field.
* 希望field中存在的值
* @param update the new value of the field if it equals <code>expect</code>.
* 如果期望值expect与field的当前值相同,设置filed的值为这个新值
* @return true if the field was changed.
* 如果field的值被更改
*/
public native boolean compareAndSwapObject(Object obj, long offset,
Object expect, Object update);
/***
* Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads. It is only really useful where the integer field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putIntVolatile</cdoe>方法,并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putIntVolatile(Object,long,int)
*/
public native void putOrderedInt(Object obj, long offset, int value);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads. It is only really useful where the long field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putLongVolatile</cdoe>方法,并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putOrderedLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value. This is an ordered or lazy
* version of <code>putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)</code>, which
* doesn't guarantee the immediate visibility of the change to other
* threads. It is only really useful where the object field is
* <code>volatile</code>, and is thus expected to change unexpectedly.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。这是一个有序或者
* 有延迟的<code>putObjectVolatile</cdoe>方法,并且不保证值的改变被其他线程立
* 即看到。只有在field被<code>volatile</code>修饰并且期望被意外修改的时候
* 使用才有用。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
*/
public native void putOrderedObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Sets the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
*/
public native void putIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset, int value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the integer field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的整型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
* 包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the integer field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中整型field的偏移量
*/
public native int getIntVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLong(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Sets the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值为指定值。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putLongVolatile(Object,long,long)
*/
public native void putLong(Object obj, long offset, long value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
* 包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @see #getLong(Object,long)
*/
public native long getLongVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the long field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的long型field的值
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
* 包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the long field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中long型field的偏移量
* @see #getLongVolatile(Object,long)
*/
public native long getLong(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value, with volatile store semantics.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。支持volatile store语义
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putObject(Object,long,Object)
*/
public native void putObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Sets the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object to the given value.
* 设置obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值为指定值。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to modify.
* 包含需要修改field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
* @param value the new value of the field.
* field将被设置的新值
* @see #putObjectVolatile(Object,long,Object)
*/
public native void putObject(Object obj, long offset, Object value);
/***
* Retrieves the value of the object field at the specified offset in the
* supplied object with volatile load semantics.
* 获取obj对象中offset偏移地址对应的object型field的值,支持volatile load语义。
*
* @param obj the object containing the field to read.
* 包含需要去读取的field的对象
* @param offset the offset of the object field within <code>obj</code>.
* <code>obj</code>中object型field的偏移量
*/
public native Object getObjectVolatile(Object obj, long offset);
/***
* Returns the offset of the first element for a given array class.
* To access elements of the array class, this value may be used along with
* with that returned by
* <a href="#arrayIndexScale"><code>arrayIndexScale</code></a>,
* if non-zero.
* 获取给定数组中第一个元素的偏移地址。
* 为了存取数组中的元素,这个偏移地址与<a href="#arrayIndexScale"><code>arrayIndexScale
* </code></a>方法的非0返回值一起被使用。
* @param arrayClass the class for which the first element's address should
* be obtained.
* 第一个元素地址被获取的class
* @return the offset of the first element of the array class.
* 数组第一个元素 的偏移地址
* @see arrayIndexScale(Class)
*/
public native int arrayBaseOffset(Class arrayClass);
/***
* Returns the scale factor used for addressing elements of the supplied
* array class. Where a suitable scale factor can not be returned (e.g.
* for primitive types), zero should be returned. The returned value
* can be used with
* <a href="#arrayBaseOffset"><code>arrayBaseOffset</code></a>
* to access elements of the class.
* 获取用户给定数组寻址的换算因子.一个合适的换算因子不能返回的时候(例如:基本类型),
* 返回0.这个返回值能够与<a href="#arrayBaseOffset"><code>arrayBaseOffset</code>
* </a>一起使用去存取这个数组class中的元素
*
* @param arrayClass the class whose scale factor should be returned.
* @return the scale factor, or zero if not supported for this array class.
*/
public native int arrayIndexScale(Class arrayClass);
/***
* Releases the block on a thread created by
* <a href="#park"><code>park</code></a>. This method can also be used
* to terminate a blockage caused by a prior call to <code>park</code>.
* This operation is unsafe, as the thread must be guaranteed to be
* live. This is true of Java, but not native code.
* 释放被<a href="#park"><code>park</code></a>创建的在一个线程上的阻塞.这个
* 方法也可以被使用来终止一个先前调用<code>park</code>导致的阻塞.
* 这个操作操作时不安全的,因此线程必须保证是活的.这是java代码不是native代码。
* @param thread the thread to unblock.
* 要解除阻塞的线程
*/
public native void unpark(Thread thread);
/***
* Blocks the thread until a matching
* <a href="#unpark"><code>unpark</code></a> occurs, the thread is
* interrupted or the optional timeout expires. If an <code>unpark</code>
* call has already occurred, this also counts. A timeout value of zero
* is defined as no timeout. When <code>isAbsolute</code> is
* <code>true</code>, the timeout is in milliseconds relative to the
* epoch. Otherwise, the value is the number of nanoseconds which must
* occur before timeout. This call may also return spuriously (i.e.
* for no apparent reason).
* 阻塞一个线程直到<a href="#unpark"><code>unpark</code></a>出现、线程
* 被中断或者timeout时间到期。如果一个<code>unpark</code>调用已经出现了,
* 这里只计数。timeout为0表示永不过期.当<code>isAbsolute</code>为true时,
* timeout是相对于新纪元之后的毫秒。否则这个值就是超时前的纳秒数。这个方法执行时
* 也可能不合理地返回(没有具体原因)
*
* @param isAbsolute true if the timeout is specified in milliseconds from
* the epoch.
* 如果为true timeout的值是一个相对于新纪元之后的毫秒数
* @param time either the number of nanoseconds to wait, or a time in
* milliseconds from the epoch to wait for.
* 可以是一个要等待的纳秒数,或者是一个相对于新纪元之后的毫秒数直到
* 到达这个时间点
*/
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
}
六、示例
下面这个例子演示了简单的修改一个byte[]的数据。
这个例子在eclipse里不能直接编译,要到项目的属性,Java Compiler,Errors/Warnings中Forbidden reference(access rules)中设置为warning。
另外,因为sun.misc.Unsafe包不能直接使用,所有代码里用反射的技巧得到了一个Unsafe的实例。
package com.dxz.unsafe;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Arrays;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
public class Test3 {
private static int byteArrayBaseOffset;
public static void main(String[] args)
throws SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
// 通过反射得到theUnsafe对应的Field对象
Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
// 设置该Field为可访问
theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
// 通过Field得到该Field对应的具体对象,传入null是因为该Field为static的
Unsafe UNSAFE = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
System.out.println(UNSAFE);
byte[] data = new byte[10];
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(data));
//arrayBaseOffset方法是一个本地方法,可以获取数组第一个元素的偏移地址
byteArrayBaseOffset = UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
System.out.println(byteArrayBaseOffset);
//putByte直接修改内存数据
UNSAFE.putByte(data, byteArrayBaseOffset, (byte) 1);
UNSAFE.putByte(data, byteArrayBaseOffset + 5, (byte) 5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(data));
}
}
运行结果:
sun.misc.Unsafe@15db9742
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
16
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0]