给定一个包含 n 个整数的数组 nums,判断 nums 中是否存在三个元素 a,b,c ,使得 a + b + c = 0 ?找出所有满足条件且不重复的三元组。

注意:答案中不可以包含重复的三元组。

例如, 给定数组 nums = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

满足要求的三元组集合为:
[
  [-1, 0, 1],
  [-1, -1, 2]
]

方法一:直接循环,复杂度高到天际。O(n^3)

class Solution:
     def threeSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]]:
         if len(nums)<3:
             return []
         nums.sort()
         s = len(nums)
         l = []
         for i in range(s-2):
             for j in range(i+1,s-1):
                 for k in range(j+1,s):
                     if nums[i]+nums[j]+nums[k] == 0:
                         l.append((nums[i],nums[j],nums[k]))
         reList = list(set(tuple(t) for t in l))                                                               # 去重
         reList = [list(v) for v in reList]
         return reList

方法二:

想法:同两数之和。a+b=(-c)。再加一层(-c)的循环。O(n^2)

class Solution:
     def threeSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]]:
         ans = []
         nums.sort()
         for i in range(len(nums)-2):
             if i==0 or nums[i]>nums[i-1]:
                 left = i+1
                 right = len(nums)-1
                 while left < right:
                     ident = nums[left] + nums[right] + nums[i]
                     if ident == 0:
                         ans.append([nums[i],nums[left],nums[right]])
                         left += 1
                         right -= 1
                         while left < right and nums[left] == nums[left-1]:                                     # 去重
                             left += 1
                         while left < right and nums[right] == nums[right+1]:
                             right -= 1
                     elif ident<0:
                         left += 1
                     else:
                         right -= 1
         return ans