项目 | 内容 |
班级链接 | 19信计班(本) |
作业链接 | 第十一周作业 |
博客名称 | 1903021101—闭腾—Java第十一周作业—Java的继承,多态 |
要求 | 每道题要有题目,代码(使用插入代码,不会插入代码的自己查资料解决,不要直接截图代码!!),截图(只截运行结果)。 |
*扩展阅读:Java中的继承和多态、Java中的抽象类。
题目1:
- 类Person定义了姓名name,出生年份birthYear,其子类Graduate在继承父类的基础上新增定义了成绩gpa、毕业年份graduateYear。编写测试类,输出毕业生的姓名、年龄、毕业年份、成绩。
- 提示:父类要有构造方法,子类通过super调用父类构造方法。
- 代码如下
package xjweek11;
public abstract class Person {
public String name;
public double birthYear;
public Person(String name, double birthYear) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.birthYear = birthYear;
}
public String getMessage() {
return "姓名:" +name;
}
}
package xjweek11;
public class Graduate extends Person {
int gpa;
int graduateYear;
int nowYear;
public Graduate(String name, double birthYear, int i, int j, int k) {
super(name, birthYear);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.nowYear = nowYear;
this.gpa = gpa;
this.graduateYear = graduateYear;
}
public String getMessage() {
return super.getMessage()+"\n毕业年份:"+graduateYear+"\n成绩:"+gpa;
}
public double age() {
double nowYear = 2022;
return nowYear-birthYear;
}
}
package xjweek11;
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Graduate g = new Graduate("张三",2000,2023,99,2022);
System.out.println("毕业生信息为:"+g.getMessage());
System.out.println("年龄为:"+g.age());
}
}
- 运行截图
题目2:
- 定义一个基本类Shape,有一个draw方法,定义三个类Circle(圆)、Triangle(三角形)、Square(正方形)都继承于Shape。在测试类中定义一个方法doStuff,传入基本类shape为参数,并调用draw方法。使用父类Shape创建三个类Circle、 Triangle、Square的实例对象并分别作为参数传入draw方法中。
- 代码如下
package xjweek11; public abstract class Shape { void draw(){ } } package xjweek11; public class Circle extends Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Circle.draw()"); } } package xjweek11; public class Triangle extends Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Triangle.draw()"); } } package xjweek11; public class Square extends Shape { void draw(){ System.out.println("Spuare.darw()"); } } package xjweek11; public class Test3 { // TODO Auto-generated method stub static void doStuff(Shape s){ s.draw(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Shape c=new Circle(); Shape s=new Square(); Shape t=new Triangle(); doStuff(c); doStuff(s); doStuff(t); } }
运行截图:
- 题目3:
- 所有的动物都有一个父类Animal,再定义两个子类Bird(鸟)和Dog(狗)继承自Animal,并实现父类中的bark(叫唤)方法。
- 提示:抽象
package xjweek11;
public abstract class Animal {
void bark(){
}
}
package xjweek11;
public class BIrd extends Animal {
void bark(){
System.out.println("鸟是这样叫:呀呼!");
}
}
package xjweek11;
public class Dog extends Animal {
void bark(){
System.out.println("狗是这样叫:嗨害嗨!");
}
}
package xjweek11;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
BIrd b = new BIrd();
Dog d = new Dog();
b.bark();
d.bark();
}
}
运行截图
-
- 题目4:
- 不同几何图形的面积计算公式是不一样的,可是,它们具有的特性是一样的,都具有长和宽这两个属性,也都具有面积计算的方法。根据抽象的概念计算长方形的面积和三角形的面积。
代码如下:
package edu.xj.cxn.week11;
public abstract class Xingzhuang {
int width;
int height;
public Xingzhuang(int width, int height) {
super();
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public abstract double area();
}
**Trigon子类:**
package edu.xj.cxn.week11;
public class Trigon extends Xingzhuang {
public Trigon(int width, int height) {
super(width, height);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public double area(){
return (width*height)/2;
}
}
**Rectangle子类:**
package edu.xj.cxn.week11;
public class Rectangle extends Xingzhuang {
public Rectangle(int width, int height) {
super(width, height);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public double area(){
return width*height;
}
}
**测试类:**
package edu.xj.cxn.week11;
public class Text4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle r=new Rectangle(6,5);
System.out.println("长方形的面积为:"+r.area());
Trigon t=new Trigon(4,6);
System.out.println("三角形的面积为:"+t.area());
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
- 运行截图
- 阅读心得:
继承和多态是面向对象开发语言中非常重要的一个环节,若使用得当,整个程序的架构将变得非常有弹性,同时可以减少代码的冗余性。