Java第09次实验(IO流)--实验报告

0.字节流与二进制文件

我的代码

  • 用DataOutputStream和FileOutputStream将Student对象写入二进制文件student.data
package test;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class StudentFile {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		String fileName = "d:/student.data";
		try (DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName))) {
			Student s = new Student(1, "wang", 19, 89);
			dos.writeInt(stu1.getId());
			dos.writeUTF(stu1.getName());
			dos.writeInt(stu1.getAge());
			dos.writeDouble(stu1.getGrade());
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(fileName))) {
			int id = dis.readInt();
			String name = dis.readUTF();
			int age = dis.readInt();
			double grade = dis.readDouble();
			Student stu = new Student(id, name, age, grade);
			System.out.println(stu);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

我的总结

  • 二进制文件与文本文件的区别
  • 二进制文件可以储存基本数据类型的变量
  • 文本文件只能储存基本数据类型中的char类型变量。
  • try...catch...finally的注意事项
  • catch多个异常时要注意异常的先后顺序。父类异常应放在最后。
  • 使用try...catch...resouces关闭资源
  • 可以直接在try后面加一个括号,在括号中定义最后要关闭的资源。这样,不需要在catch后面加上finally,程序运行结束之后资源会自动关闭。

1.字符流与文本文件

我的代码

  • 使用BufferedReader从编码为UTF-8的文本文件中读出学生信息,并组装成对象然后输出。
package test;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String fileName="d:/Students.txt";
		List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
		        try(
		            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);
		            InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");
		            BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr))
		        {
		            String line=null;
		            while((line=br.readLine())!=null)
		            {
		                String[] msg=line.split("\\s+");
		                int id=Integer.parseInt(msg[0]);
		                String name=msg[1];
		                int age=Integer.parseInt(msg[2]);
		                double grade=Double.parseDouble(msg[3]);
		                Student stu=new Student(id,name,age,grade);
		                studentList.add(stu);
		            }
		        } 
		        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
		        {
		            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
		            e.printStackTrace();
		        } 
		        catch (IOException e) 
		        {
		            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
		            e.printStackTrace();
		        }
		        System.out.println(studentList);

	}
}
  • 编写public static ListreadStudents(String fileName);从fileName指定的文本文件中读取所有学生,并将其放入到一个List中
public static List<Student> readStudents(String fileName)
    {
        List<Student> stuList = new ArrayList<>();
        try(
            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);
            InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8");
            BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr))
        {
            String line=null;
            while((line=br.readLine())!=null)
            {
                String[] msg=line.split("\\s+");
                int id=Integer.parseInt(msg[0]);
                String name=msg[1];
                int age=Integer.parseInt(msg[2]);
                double grade=Double.parseDouble(msg[3]);
                Student stu=new Student(id,name,age,grade);
                stuList.add(stu);
            }
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        catch (IOException e) 
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return stuList;
    }
  • 使用PrintWriter将Student对象写入文本文件
package test;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class WriteFile {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String fileName = "d:/Students.txt";
		try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName, true);
				OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8");
				PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(osw)) {
			pw.println("1 zhang 18 85");
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}
  • 使用ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream读写学生对象。
package test;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class WriteFile {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String fileName="d:/Students.dat";
		try(
		            FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(fileName);
		            ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream(fos))
		        {
		            Student ts=new Student(1,"lily",64,90);
		            oos.writeObject(ts);
		        }
		        catch (Exception e) {
		            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
		            e.printStackTrace();
		        }
		        try(
		            FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);
		            ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(fis))
		        {
		            Student newStudent =(Student)ois.readObject();
		            System.out.println(newStudent);
		        } catch (IOException e) {
		            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
		            e.printStackTrace();
		        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
		            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
		            e.printStackTrace();
		        }
	}

}

我的总结

  • 在构造FileOutputStream时应该多传一个true来避免PrintWriter直接覆盖原文件。
  • writeObject()函数的作用:让实例以文件的形式保存在磁盘上。

2.缓冲流

我的代码

  • 使用PrintWriter往文件里写入一千万行的随机整数,范围在[0,10],随机种子为100.
package test;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;

public class WriteFile {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String fileName = "d:/bigdata.txt";
		int n = 1000_0000;
		Random r = new Random(100);
		try(PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(fileName)){
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
				pw.println(r.nextInt(11));
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}
  • JUNIT测试部分,测试BufferedReader与Scanner的读文件的效率
package test;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

class TestRead {
	String fileName = "d:/bigdata.txt";
	
	/*BufferedReader读取文件*/
	@Test
	void testB() {
		try(BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(fileName)))){
			String str = null;
			int count = 0;
			long sum = 0;
			while((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
				int num = Integer.parseInt(str);
				sum += num;
				count++;
			}
                        System.out.println("BufferedReader:");
			System.out.format("count=%d,sum=%d,average=%.5f\n",count,sum,sum*1.0/count);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/*Scanner读取文件*/
	@Test
	void testS() {
		try(Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File(fileName))){
			int count = 0;
			long sum = 0;
			while(sc.hasNextLine()) {
				String str = sc.nextLine();
				int num = Integer.parseInt(str);
				count++;
				sum += num;
			}
                        System.out.println("Scanner:");
			System.out.format("count=%d,sum=%d,average=%.5f\n",count,sum,sum*1.0/count);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}
  • JUNIT测试结果

我的总结

  • 一开始的时候,我把Random放在了try…catch的for循环里面,导致每次都新建一个随机种子为100的Random对象,导致每次生成的数字都是4,在老师的提醒下,才发现Random类对象只要定义一个就好了。
  • 将随机数写入文件的时候,一开始我忘记设置随机种子了,导致文件中的数据平均值不是一个定值。
  • JUNIT中要测试的方法前要加上@Test。
3.字节流之对象流

结合使用ObjectOutputStream、ObjectInputStream与FileInputStream、FileOuputStream实现对Student对象的读写。
编写如下两个方法:

  • public static void writeStudent(List stuList)
  • public static List readStudents(String fileName)

我的代码

public static void writeStudent(List<Student> stuList)
    {
        String fileName="d:/Students.dat";
        try (   FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(fileName);
                ObjectOutputStream ois=new ObjectOutputStream(fos))
        {
            ois.writeObject(stuList);
            
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
public static List<Student> readStudents(String fileName)
    {
        List<Student> stuList=new ArrayList<>();
        try (   FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(fileName);
                ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(fis))
        {
            stuList=(List<Student>)ois.readObject();
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return stuList;
    }

我的总结

  • 使用对象流的时候,写入的是一个对象,而不是多个对象。所以在读取的时候不能像BufferedReader一样一行一行的读取,而是直接读取出一个集合。
5.文件操作

编写一个程序,可以根据指定目录和文件名,搜索该目录及子目录下的所有文件,如果没有找到指定文件名,则显示无匹配,否则将所有找到的文件名与文件夹名显示出来。
编写public static void findFile(Path dir,String fileName)方法.
以dir指定的路径为根目录,在其目录与子目录下查找所有和filename
相同的文件名,一旦找到就马上输出到控制台。

我的代码

递归方法

package test;

import java.io.File;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Path dir = Paths.get("D:\\", "testStream", "5");
		findFile(dir, "c.txt");
	}

	public static void findFile(Path dir, String fileName) {
		File file = dir.toFile();
		File[] files = file.listFiles();
		for (File now : files) {
			if (now.isFile()) {
				if (now.getName().equals(fileName)) {
					System.out.println(now.getAbsolutePath());
					return;
				}
			} else if (now.isDirectory()) {
				findFile(now.toPath(), fileName);
			}
		}
	}
}

我的总结

  • File类和Path类可以互相转化。
  • Paths类可以直接获得Path对象。
6.正则表达式

我的代码

  • 如何判断一个给定的字符串是否是10进制数字格式?尝试编程进行验证。
package test;

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        Pattern pattern=Pattern.compile("^[+-]?[0-9]+(\\.\\d+)?");
        Matcher matcher=null;
        while(sc.hasNext())
        {
            String str=sc.next();
            matcher=pattern.matcher(str);
            System.out.println(matcher.matches());
        }
        sc.close();
    }

}
  • 修改HrefMatch.java
    • 匹配网页中的数字字符串
package test;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;

public class HrefMatch {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try
	      {
	         // get URL string from command line or use default
	         String fileName="D:\\test\\File\\HrefMatch.htm";
	         // open reader for URL
	         InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileName));
	         // read contents into string builder
	         StringBuilder input = new StringBuilder();
	         int ch;
	         while ((ch = in.read()) != -1)
	            input.append((char) ch);

	         String patternString = "[+-]?[0-9]+(\\.\\d+)?";
	         Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternString, Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
	         Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(input);

	         while (matcher.find())
	         {
	            int start = matcher.start();
	            int end = matcher.end();
	            String match = input.substring(start, end);
	            System.out.println(match);
	         }
	      }
	      catch (IOException e)
	      {
	         e.printStackTrace();
	      }
	      catch (PatternSyntaxException e)
	      {
	         e.printStackTrace();
	      }
	}
}

我的总结

  • 正则表达式理解的还不是很透彻,匹配图片字符串的要求还没有完成。