这应该算是我本科阶段做的第一个项目，入门单片机的时候拿51做的一个简单的火灾报警装置，由于年代久远，很多细节可能都忘了，不过有什么问题欢迎大家留言，看到后还是会尽力帮大家解决。
写在前面
这个装置用的是最简单的51单片机外加几个简单的传感器，项目大致流程就是：
收集传感器信息 —> 信息处理 —> 执行对应动作
目录
- 火灾报警装置功能介绍
- 原理图
- 源代码
功能介绍
总览
- 这是整个装置的总览图， 各种零件标注如下：
- 1、温度阈值
- 2、烟雾浓度阈值
- 3、实时温度
- 4、实时烟雾浓度
- 5、蜂鸣器用于报警
- 6、黄、红色LED灯指示
- 7、风扇用于疏散烟雾
- 8、烟雾传感器
- 9、温度传感器
功能一：温度实时监测
- LCD1602中第二行显示的为当前环境的温度和烟雾浓度
- 这两个数值会随环境变化而实时变化
功能二：两级阈值及报警
- LCD1062第一行为温度和烟雾浓度的阈值（上图为一级阈值）
- 当温度或烟雾浓度超过对应一级阈值后，蜂鸣器会报警，并且亮起黄色警报灯，风扇启动一级转速，同时阈值变为二级阈值（如下图）
- 当温度或烟雾浓度超过二级阈值后，蜂鸣器持续报警，亮起红色指示灯，风扇全速转动
- 当温度和烟雾浓度都降到一级阈值以下，自动关闭所有报警措施
- 一级、二级阈值均可自行设定
功能三：手机远程遥控
- 本装置装有HC-05蓝牙模块，可与手机通信（当时不是很了解，HC-05不支持IOS，还特意借了个安卓调试）
- 手机通过串口助手连上蓝牙后，装置会不断向手机发送当前的温度和烟雾浓度
- 手机可通过向装置发送0、1、2指令分别控制装置的关闭、一级警报、二级警报。
以上所有图均有动图展示，由于图片过大无法上传，感兴趣的可以到文章底部的github上下载。
原理图
- 原理图用的是AD17自行绘制的，毕竟不是学这个的，所以画的不是很专业，大致一看即可。
- github有pdf版和源文件，需要可自己去下载。
源码
- 源码部分每个模块对应了一个.c文件，共7个：
- 主逻辑函数main.c
- 蜂鸣器模块Buzzer.c
- 温度模块DS18B20.c
- 蓝牙模块HC-05.c
- 液晶显示LCD1602.c
- 风扇驱动Motor.c
- 烟雾传感模块MQ-2.c
main.c
#include <reg52.h>
sbit LED1 = P2^1;
sbit LED2 = P2^2;
bit flagOff = 0;
unsigned char flagOn = 0;
unsigned int preTmp1 = 40;
unsigned int preSmk1 = 20;
unsigned int preTmp2 = 60;
unsigned int preSmk2 = 30;
unsigned int bkp[2];
unsigned int smk;
unsigned int tmp;
unsigned int sum;
unsigned char RxdBuf = '4';
unsigned char flag = 0;
unsigned char cnt;
unsigned char T0RH, T0RL;
extern unsigned int getTmp();
extern unsigned int ADC0832(unsigned char);
extern void sendData();
extern void openBuzzer(unsigned int);
extern void stopBuzzer();
extern void Motor(unsigned char);
extern void InitDS18B20();
extern void Display1602(unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int); //显示温度，烟雾值
extern void Init1602();
extern void configUART(unsigned int);
void checkSta();
void main()
{
unsigned int i = 0;
unsigned int j = 0;
EA = 1;
InitDS18B20();
Init1602();
configUART(9600);
bkp[0] = getTmp();
bkp[1] = ADC0832(1);
for(j=0;j<33000;j++);
while(1)
{
for(cnt=0;cnt<50;cnt++)
{
smk = ADC0832(1);
sum=sum+smk;
}
smk=sum/50;
sum=0;
tmp = getTmp();
if((bkp[0]!=tmp/10)||(bkp[1]!=smk))
{
bkp[0] = tmp/10;
bkp[1] = smk;
sendData();
}
checkSta();
switch(flag)
{
case 0:
{
Display1602(preTmp1, preSmk1, tmp, smk);
stopBuzzer();
LED1 = 1;
LED2 = 1;
Motor(0);
break;
}
case 1:
{
openBuzzer(4000);
LED1 = 0;
LED2 = 1;
Motor(1);
Display1602(preTmp2, preSmk2, tmp, smk);
break;
}
case 2:
{
openBuzzer(4000);
LED2 = 0;
LED1 = 1;
Motor(2);
Display1602(preTmp2, preSmk2, tmp, smk);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
for(i=0;i<20000;i++);
}
}
void checkSta()
{
switch(RxdBuf)
{
case '0': flagOff = 1;flagOn = 0; break;
case '1': flagOn = 1; break;
case '2': flagOn = 2; break;
case '3': flagOff = 0; flagOn = 0; break;
default: break;
}
if(((((tmp/10)>=preTmp1)||(smk>=preSmk1))&&flagOff==0)||flagOn>0)
{
if(((tmp/10)>=preTmp2||smk>=preSmk2)||flagOn==2)
flag = 2;
else
flag = 1;
}
else
flag = 0;
}Buzzer.c
#include <reg52.h>
sbit BUZZ = P2^5;
unsigned char T1RH = 0;
unsigned char T1RL = 0;
void openBuzzer(unsigned int frequ)
{
unsigned int reload;
reload = 65536 - (11059200/12)/(frequ*2);
RCAP2H = (unsigned char)(reload>>8);
RCAP2L = (unsigned char)reload;
ET2 = 1;
TR2 = 1;
}
void stopBuzzer()
{
ET2 = 0;
TR2 = 0;
BUZZ = 1;
}
void interruptTimer2() interrupt 5
{
TF2 = 0;
BUZZ = ~BUZZ;
}DS18B20.c
#include <reg52.h>
sbit DQ = P2^0;
void Delay_DS18B20(int num)
{
while(num--) ;
}
void InitDS18B20(void)
{
unsigned char x=0;
DQ = 1;
Delay_DS18B20(8);
DQ = 0;
Delay_DS18B20(80);
DQ = 1;
Delay_DS18B20(14);
x = DQ;
Delay_DS18B20(20);
}
unsigned char ReadOneChar(void)
{
unsigned char i=0;
unsigned char dat = 0;
for (i=8;i>0;i--)
{
DQ = 0;
dat>>=1;
DQ = 1;
if(DQ)
dat|=0x80;
Delay_DS18B20(4);
}
return(dat);
}
void WriteOneChar(unsigned char dat)
{
unsigned char i=0;
for (i=8; i>0; i--)
{
DQ = 0;
DQ = dat&0x01;
Delay_DS18B20(5);
DQ = 1;
dat>>=1;
}
}
unsigned int ReadTemperature()
{
unsigned char a=0;
unsigned char b=0;
unsigned int t=0;
float tt=0;
InitDS18B20();
WriteOneChar(0xCC);
WriteOneChar(0x44);
InitDS18B20();
WriteOneChar(0xCC);
WriteOneChar(0xBE);
a=ReadOneChar();
b=ReadOneChar();
t=b;
t<<=8;
t=t|a;
tt=t*0.0625;
t= tt*10+0.5;
return t;
}
unsigned int getTmp()
{
unsigned int c;
c=ReadTemperature()-5;
if(c<0) c=0;
if(c>=999) c=999;
return c;
}HC-05.c
#include <reg52.h>
extern unsigned int smk;
extern unsigned int tmp;
extern unsigned char RxdBuf;
unsigned char *ptrTxd;
unsigned char cntTxd = 0;
unsigned char NowData[] = {'T','e','m','p','e','t','u','r','e',':','0','0','.','0',
' ',' ','S','m','o','k','e',':','0','0','\n'};
void configUART(unsigned int);
void sendData()
{
NowData[10] = tmp/100 + 48;
NowData[11] = tmp%100/10 + 48;
NowData[13] = tmp%10 + 48;
NowData[22] = smk/10 + 48;
NowData[23] = smk%10 + 48;
ptrTxd = NowData;
cntTxd = sizeof(NowData);
TI = 1;
}
void configUART(unsigned int baud)
{
SCON = 0x50;
TMOD &= 0x0F;
TMOD |= 0x20;
TH1 = 256 - (11059200/12/32)/baud;
TL1 = TH1;
ET1 = 0;
ES = 1;
TR1 = 1;
}
void interruptUART() interrupt 4
{
if(RI)
{
RI = 0;
RxdBuf = SBUF;
}
if(TI)
{
TI = 0;
if(cntTxd > 0)
{
SBUF = *ptrTxd;
cntTxd--;
ptrTxd++;
}
}
}LCD1602.c
#include <reg52.h>
sbit LCDRS = P1^0;
sbit LCDEN= P1^1;
unsigned char code Init1[]="SET T:00 E:000";
unsigned char code Init2[]="NOW T:00.0 E:000";
void LCDdelay(unsigned int z)
{
unsigned int x,y;
for(x=z;x>0;x--)
for(y=10;y>0;y--);
}
void write_com(unsigned char com)
{
LCDRS=0;
P0=com;
LCDdelay(5);
LCDEN=1;
LCDdelay(5);
LCDEN=0;
}
void write_data(unsigned char date)
{
LCDRS=1;
P0=date;
LCDdelay(5);
LCDEN=1;
LCDdelay(5);
LCDEN=0;
}
void Init1602()
{
unsigned char i=0;
write_com(0x38);
write_com(0x0c);
write_com(0x06);
write_com(0x01);
write_com(0x80);
for(i=0;i<16;i++)
{
write_data(Init1[i]);
}
write_com(0x80+0x40);
for(i=0;i<16;i++)
{
write_data(Init2[i]);
}
}
void Display1602(unsigned int preTmp, unsigned int preSmk,
unsigned int tmp, unsigned int smk)
{
write_com(0x80+6);
write_data(0x30+preTmp/10);
write_data(0x30+preTmp%10);
write_com(0x80+13);
write_data(0x30+preSmk/100);
write_data(0x30+preSmk%100/10);
write_data(0x30+preSmk%10);
write_com(0x80+0x40+6);
write_data(0x30+tmp/100);
write_data(0x30+tmp%100/10);
write_data('.');
write_data(0x30+tmp%10);
write_com(0x80+0x40+13);
write_data(0x30+smk/100);
write_data(0x30+smk%100/10);
write_data(0x30+smk%10);
}Motor.c
#include <reg52.h>
sbit MOTOR = P3^5;
unsigned char HighRH, HighRL, LowRH, LowRL;
void configPWM(unsigned int fre, unsigned char dc)
{
unsigned high, low;
unsigned long tmp;
tmp = (11059200/12)/fre;
high = (tmp*dc)/100;
low = tmp - high;
high = 65536 - high +12;
low = 65536 - low + 12;
HighRH = (unsigned char)(high>>8);
HighRL = (unsigned char)(high);
LowRH = (unsigned char)(low>>8);
LowRL = (unsigned char)(low);
TMOD &= 0xF0;
TMOD |= 0x01;
TH0 = HighRH;
TL0 = HighRL;
ET0 = 1;
TR0 = 1;
}
void closePWM()
{
ET0 = 0;
TR0 = 0;
MOTOR = 1;
}
void Motor(unsigned char sta)
{
switch(sta)
{
case 0: {closePWM(); break;}
case 1: {configPWM(200, 40); break;}
case 2: {closePWM(); MOTOR = 0; break;}
default: break;
}
}
void interruptTimer0() interrupt 1
{
if(MOTOR == 1)
{
TH0 = LowRH;
TL0 = LowRL;
MOTOR = 0;
}
else
{
TH0 = HighRH;
TL0 = HighRL;
MOTOR = 1;
}
}MQ-2.c
#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
sbit CS = P1^4;
sbit Clk = P1^2;
sbit DATI = P1^3;
sbit DATO = P1^3;
unsigned int ADC0832(unsigned char CH)
{
unsigned int i,test,adval,dat1;
adval = 0x00;
test = 0x00;
Clk = 0;
DATI = 1;
_nop_();
CS = 0;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
if ( CH == 0x00 )
{
Clk = 0;
DATI = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 0;
DATI = 0;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
}
else
{
Clk = 0;
DATI = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 0;
DATI = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
}
Clk = 0;
DATI = 1;
for( i = 0;i < 8;i++ )
{
_nop_();
adval <<= 1;
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 0;
if (DATO)
adval |= 0x01;
else
adval |= 0x00;
}
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
test >>= 1;
if (DATO)
test |= 0x80;
else
test |= 0x00;
_nop_();
Clk = 1;
_nop_();
Clk = 0;
}
//if (adval == test)
dat1 = test;
nop_();
CS = 1;
DATO = 1;
Clk = 1;
return dat1;
}整个项目的所有源码文件均在我的github上，感兴趣的帮点个star~
附带说明文档和营销方案
github：https://github.com/YWonchall/fire-alarm-device
本文章为转载内容，我们尊重原作者对文章享有的著作权。如有内容错误或侵权问题，欢迎原作者联系我们进行内容更正或删除文章。
