android 引入fastjson android fastble

本文为 FastBle 的使用教程

目录

一、概述

二、配置 BLE 权限

1. 配置定位权限

2. 配置蓝牙权限

三、设置 BLE

1. 获取 BluetoothAdapter

2. 开启蓝牙

四、初始化 BleManager

五、扫描蓝牙设备六、连接蓝牙设备

七、读取蓝牙设备的数据

八、写入数据到蓝牙设备

一、概述

Android 4.3（API 级别 18）引入了内置平台支持低功耗蓝牙（BLE）的核心角色，并提供应用程序可用于发现设备，查询服务和传输信息的API。

与经典蓝牙（Classic Bluetooth）相比，低功耗蓝牙（BLE）旨在提供显着降低的功耗。这允许 Android 应用程序与具有更严格电源要求的 BLE 设备通信，例如接近传感器，心率监视器和健身设备。

二、配置 BLE 权限

1. 配置定位权限

由于 LE Beacons 通常与位置相关联。要在 BluetoothLeScanner 没有过滤器的情况下使用，您必须通过声明应用程序清单文件中的权限 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限来请求用户的权限。没有这些权限，扫描将不会返回任何结果。

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

// MainActivity.java

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M
        && checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        && checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    requestLocationPermission();
} else {
    initBluetooth();
}

2. 配置蓝牙权限

要在您的应用程序中使用蓝牙功能，您必须声明蓝牙权限 BLUETOOTH。您需要此权限才能执行任何蓝牙通信，例如请求连接，接受连接和传输数据。

如果您希望应用启动设备发现或操作蓝牙设置，则还必须声明 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限。注意：如果您使用 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限，则您还必须拥有 BLUETOOTH 权限。

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

如果您要声明您的应用仅适用于支持 BLE 的设备，请在应用的清单中包含以下 BLE 权限：

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

但是一般来说，蓝牙只是应用程序的一个小功能，所以我们只会在使用到蓝牙功能时，去检查 BLE 是否可用，所以并不需要上述 BLE 权限，取而代之的是使用时检查：

// MainActivity.java

private void initBluetooth() {
    // Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device.  Then you can
    // selectively disable BLE-related features.
    // 检查当前手机是否支持 ble 蓝牙
    if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
        Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return; // or finish();
    }

    ...
}

三、设置 BLE

如果不支持 BLE，则应优雅地禁用任何 BLE 功能。如果 BLE 受支持但已禁用，则可以请求用户启用蓝牙而无需离开您的应用程序。这个设置分两步完成，使用 BluetoothAdapter。

1. 获取 BluetoothAdapter

// MainActivity.java

private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
...
// Initializes a Bluetooth adapter.  For API level 18 and above, get a reference to
// BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.
// 初始化 Bluetooth adapter, 通过蓝牙管理器得到一个参考蓝牙适配器(API必须在以上android4.3或以上和版本)
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

2. 开启蓝牙

// MainActivity.java

private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
...

// Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
// 检查设备上是否支持蓝牙
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return; // or finish();
}

// Ensures Bluetooth is enabled on the device.  If Bluetooth is not currently enabled,
// fire an intent to display a dialog asking the user to grant permission to enable it.
// 检查蓝牙是否开启
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
    if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
        Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
        startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
        return;
    }
}

// MainActivity.java

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
        // User chose not to enable Bluetooth.
        if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
            ToastUtils.showShort(R.string.please_open_bluetooth_to_use_ble_function);
        } else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
            ToastUtils.showShort(R.string.start_scanning_bluetooth_device);

            // 扫描蓝牙设备
            ...
        }
    }
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}

四、初始化 BleManager

引入 FastBle：compile 'com.clj.fastble:FastBleLib:1.2.1'

BleManager.getInstance().init(getApplication());
BleManager.getInstance()
        .enableLog(true)
        .setReConnectCount(1, 5000)
        .setConnectOverTime(20000)
        .setOperateTimeout(5000);

如果需要设备扫描规则：

BleScanRuleConfig scanRuleConfig = new BleScanRuleConfig.Builder()
      .setServiceUuids(serviceUuids)
      .setDeviceName(true, names)
      .setDeviceMac(mac)
      .setAutoConnect(isAutoConnect)
      .setScanTimeOut(10000)
      .build();
BleManager.getInstance().initScanRule(scanRuleConfig);

五、扫描蓝牙设备

private void startScan() {
    BleManager.getInstance().scan(new BleScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onScanStarted(boolean success) {
            mBluetoothQuickAdapter.setNewData(new ArrayList<BleDevice>());
            img_loading.startAnimation(operatingAnim);
            img_loading.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }

        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BleDevice bleDevice) {
            super.onLeScan(bleDevice);
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanning(BleDevice bleDevice) {
            mBluetoothQuickAdapter.addData(bleDevice);
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanFinished(List<BleDevice> scanResultList) {
            img_loading.clearAnimation();
            img_loading.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        }
    });
}

六、连接蓝牙设备

连接蓝牙后，如果需要往指定的 Characteristic UUID 中，写入一定的开锁指令，可使用以下方法连接蓝牙、搜索指定 UUID：

private void connect(final BleDevice bleDevice) {
    BleManager.getInstance().connect(bleDevice, new BleGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onStartConnect() {
            progressDialog.show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onConnectFail(BleDevice bleDevice, BleException exception) {
            img_loading.clearAnimation();
            img_loading.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            progressDialog.dismiss();
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, getString(R.string.connect_fail), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onConnectSuccess(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            progressDialog.dismiss();

            // 搜索指定 Characteristic UUID，并 Write
            searchSpecifiedCharacteristicUuid(bleDevice, WRITE_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
        }

        @Override
        public void onDisConnected(boolean isActiveDisConnected, BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            progressDialog.dismiss();

            mBluetoothQuickAdapter.remove(mBluetoothQuickAdapter.getData().indexOf(bleDevice));

            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, getString(R.string.active_disconnected), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });
}

private void searchSpecifiedCharacteristicUuid(BleDevice bleDevice, String characteristicUuid) {
    String uuid = "";
    BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt = BleManager.getInstance().getBluetoothGatt(bleDevice);

    List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = bluetoothGatt.getServices();
    for (BluetoothGattService service : serviceList) {
        List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristicList = service.getCharacteristics();

        for(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristicList) {
            uuid = characteristic.getUuid().toString();
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uuid) && TextUtils.equals(uuid, characteristicUuid)) {
                writeCommand(bleDevice, characteristic);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

七、读取蓝牙设备的数据

读取例子可参考官方 Demo。

八、写入数据到蓝牙设备

private void writeCommand(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
    // 此处的 input 是蓝牙设备厂商内置的命令格式
    byte[] input = GenOpenBytes(bleDevice.getName().substring(5), "13995534706", 0xffffffff, "0123456");

    BleManager.getInstance().write(
            bleDevice,
            characteristic.getService().getUuid().toString(),
            characteristic.getUuid().toString(),
            input,
            new BleWriteCallback() {

                @Override
                public void onWriteSuccess(final int current, final int total, final byte[] justWrite) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.write_success, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }

                @Override
                public void onWriteFailure(final BleException exception) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.write_failure, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            });
}