1. sort
对集合进行排序
1 public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void sort(List<T> list)
2
3 public static <T> void sort(List<T> list,
4 Comparator<? super T> c)
在使用List时想根据List中存储对象的某一字段进行排序,那么我们要用到Collections.sort方法对list排序,用Collections.sort方法对list排序有两种方法:
- 第一种是list中的对象实现Comparable接口;
- 第二种方法是根据Collections.sort重载方法来实现。
示例如下:
1 public class SortTest {
2 public static void main(String[] args) {
3 List<String> listS = new ArrayList<String>();
4 List<Employer1> list1 = new ArrayList<Employer1>();
5 List<Employer2> list2 = new ArrayList<Employer2>();
6 List<Employer3> list3 = new ArrayList<Employer3>();
7
8 //一.将String类型的变量插入到listS中并排序
9 //listS中的对象String 本身含有compareTo方法,所以可以直接调用sort方法,按自然顺序排序,即升序排序
10 listS.add("5");
11 listS.add("2");
12 listS.add("9");
13 Collections.sort(listS);
14
15 //二.将Employer1类的对象插入到list1中并排序
16 //将已创建的实现了Comparator接口的比较类MyCompare传入Collections的sort方法中即可实现依照MyCompare类中的比较规则。
17 Employer1 a1 = new Employer1();
18 Employer1 b1 = new Employer1();
19 Employer1 c1 = new Employer1();
20 a1.setName("a1"); a1.setAge(44);
21 b1.setName("b1"); b1.setAge(55);
22 c1.setName("b1"); c1.setAge(33);
23 list1.add(a1);
24 list1.add(b1);
25 list1.add(c1);//Collections类的sort方法要求传入的第二个参数是一个已实现Comparator接口的比较器
26 Collections.sort(list1, new MyCompare());
27
28 //三.将Employer2类的对象插入到list2中并排序
29 //其实原理和上面的二类似,只是没有单独创建MyCompare类,而是用匿名内部类来实现Comparator接口里面的具体比较。
30 Employer2 a2 = new Employer2();
31 Employer2 b2 = new Employer2();
32 Employer2 c2 = new Employer2();
33 a2.setName("a2"); a2.setAge(66);
34 b2.setName("b2"); b2.setAge(33);
35 c2.setName("b2"); c2.setAge(22);
36 list2.add(a2);
37 list2.add(b2);
38 list2.add(c2); //Collections类的sort方法要求传入的第二个参数是一个已实现Comparator接口的比较器
39 Collections.sort(list2,new Comparator<Employer2>(){
40 @Override
41 public int compare(Employer2 a2, Employer2 b2) {
42 return a2.getOrder().compareTo(b2.getOrder());
43 }
44
45 });
46
47 //四.将Employer3类的对象插入到list3中并排序
48 //被排序的类Employer3实现了Comparable接口,在类Employer3中通过重载compareTo方法来实现具体的比较。
49 Employer3 a3 = new Employer3();
50 Employer3 b3 = new Employer3();
51 Employer3 c3 = new Employer3();
52 a3.setName("a3"); a3.setAge(77);
53 b3.setName("b3"); b3.setAge(55);
54 c3.setName("b3"); c3.setAge(99);
55 list3.add(a3);
56 list3.add(b3);
57 list3.add(c3);
58 Collections.sort(list3);//Collections类的sort方法要求传入的List中的对象是已实现Comparable接口的对象
59
60 System.out.println(listS);
61 System.out.println(list1);
62 System.out.println(list3);
63 System.out.println(list2);
64 }
65 }
66 class Employer1{
67 private String name;
68 private Integer age;
69 public void setName(String name) {
70 this.name = name;
71 }
72 public Integer getAge() {
73 return age;
74 }
75 public void setAge(Integer age) {
76 this.age = age;
77 }
78 @Override//重载了Object类里的toString方法,使之可以按照我们要求的格式打印
79 public String toString() {
80 return "name is "+name+" age is "+ age;
81 }
82 }
83 class MyCompare implements Comparator<Employer1> {
84 @Override//重载了Comparator接口里面的compare方法实现具体的比较
85 public int compare(Employer1 o1, Employer1 o2) {
86 return o1.getAge().compareTo(o2.getAge());
87 }
88 }
89 class Employer2{
90 private String name;
91 private Integer age;
92 public void setName(String name) {
93 this.name = name;
94 }
95 public Integer getOrder() {
96 return age;
97 }
98 public void setAge(Integer age) {
99 this.age = age;
100 }
101 @Override//重载了Object类里的toString方法,使之可以按照我们要求的格式打印
102 public String toString() {
103 return "name is "+name+" age is "+age;
104 }
105 }
106 class Employer3 implements Comparable<Employer3>{
107 private String name;
108 private Integer age;
109 public void setName(String name) {
110 this.name = name;
111 }
112 public Integer getAge() {
113 return age;
114 }
115 public void setAge(Integer age) {
116 this.age = age;
117 }
118 @Override//重载了Object类里的toString方法,使之可以按照我们要求的格式打印
119 public String toString() {
120 return "name is "+name+" age is "+age;
121 }
122 @Override//重载了Comparable接口里的compareTo方法来实现具体的比较
123 public int compareTo(Employer3 a) {
124 return this.age.compareTo(a.getAge());
125 }
126 }
打印的结果为:
[2, 5, 9]
[name is b1 age is 33, name is a1 age is 44, name is b1 age is 55]
[name is b3 age is 55, name is a3 age is 77, name is b3 age is 99]
[name is b2 age is 22, name is b2 age is 33, name is a2 age is 66]
★compareTo()小结
由上面的程序我们可以看出,无论是实现了Comparable接口的方法还是实现了Comparator接口的方法,最终比较的返回值都是通过compareTo方法实现的,故就把compareTo方法单独拿出来做个小结。
compareTo()的返回值是整型,它是先比较对应字符的大小(ASCII码顺序),如果第一个字符和参数的第一个字符不等,结束比较,返回他们之间的差值,如果第一个字符和参数的第一个字符相等,则以第二个字符和参数的第二个字符做比较,以此类推,直至比较的字符或被比较的字符有一方全比较完,这时就比较字符的长度。例如:
1 String s1 = "abc";
2 String s2 = "abcd";
3 String s3 = "abcdfg";
4 String s4 = "1bcdfg";
5 String s5 = "cdfg";
6 System.out.println( s1.compareTo(s2) ); // -1 (前面相等,s1长度小1)
7 System.out.println( s1.compareTo(s3) ); // -3 (前面相等,s1长度小3)
8 System.out.println( s1.compareTo(s4) ); // 48 ("a"的ASCII码是97,"1"的的ASCII码是49,所以返回48)
9 System.out.println( s1.compareTo(s5) ); // -2 ("a"的ASCII码是97,"c"的ASCII码是99,所以返回-2)
2. shuffle
对集合进行随机排序
1 public static void shuffle(List<?> list)
2
3 public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List c = new ArrayList();
4 c.add("w");
5 c.add("o");
6 c.add("r");
7 c.add("l");
8 c.add("d");
9 System.out.println(c);
10 Collections.shuffle(c);
11 System.out.println(c);
12 Collections.shuffle(c);
13 System.out.println(c);
14 }
15 }
运行结果为:
[w, o, r, l, d]
[l, d, w, o, r]
[o, r, d, l, w]
3. binarySearch
查找指定集合中的元素,返回所查找元素的索引
1 public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extends Comparable<? super T>> list,
2 T key)
3
4 public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extends T> list,
5 T key,
6 Comparator<? super T> c)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List c = new ArrayList();
4 c.add("w");
5 c.add("o");
6 c.add("r");
7 c.add("l");
8 c.add("d");
9 System.out.println(c);
10 int m = Collections.binarySearch(c, "o");
11 System.out.println(m);
12 }
13 }
运行结果为:[w, o, r, l, d]
注意:若查找的元素不存在,示例中的n即表示该元素最有可能存在的位置的索引。
4. max
1 public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>> T max(Collection<? extends T> coll)
2
3 public static <T> T max(Collection<? extends T> coll,
4 Comparator<? super T> comp)
前者采用Collection内含自然比较法,后者采用Comparator进行比较.
5. min
1 public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>> T min(Collection<? extends T> coll)
2
3 public static <T> T min(Collection<? extends T> coll,
4 Comparator<? super T> comp)
前者采用Collection内含自然比较法,后者采用Comparator进行比较。
6. indexOfSubList
查找subList在list中首次出现位置的索引
1 public static int indexOfSubList(List<?> source,
2 List<?> target)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List list = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(list);
5 List subList = Arrays.asList("three four five six".split(" "));
6 System.out.println(Collections.indexOfSubList(list, subList));
7 }
8 }
运行结果为:[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
7. lastIndexOfSubList
使用与上例方法的使用相同,在此就不做介绍了。
8. replaceAll
替换批定元素为某元素,若要替换的值存在刚返回true,反之返回false
1 public static <T> boolean replaceAll(List<T> list,
2 T oldVal,
3 T newVal)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List list = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(list);
5 List subList = Arrays.asList("three four five six".split(" "));
6 System.out.println(Collections.replaceAll(list, "siven", "siven eight"));
7 System.out.println(list);
8 }
9 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
true
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven eight]
9. reverse()
反转集合中元素的顺序
public static void reverse(List<?> list)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List list = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(list);
5 Collections.reverse(list);
6 System.out.println(list);
7 }
8 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
[siven, six, five, four, three, two, one]
10. rotate
集合中的元素向后移m个位置,在后面被遮盖的元素循环到前面来
1 public static void rotate(List<?> list,
2 int distance)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List list = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(list);
5 Collections.rotate(list, 1);
6 System.out.println(list);
7 }
8 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
[siven, one, two, three, four, five, six]
11. copy
将集合n中的元素全部复制到m中,并且覆盖相应索引的元素
1 public static <T> void copy(List<? super T> dest,
2 List<? extends T> src)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List m = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(m);
5 List n = Arrays.asList("我 是 复制过来的哈".split(" "));
6 System.out.println(n);
7 Collections.copy(m,n);
8 System.out.println(m);
9 }
10 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
[我, 是, 复制过来的哈]
[我, 是, 复制过来的哈, four, five, six, siven]
12. swap
交换集合中指定元素索引的位置
1 public static void swap(List<?> list,
2 int i,
3 int j)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List m = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(m);
5 Collections.swap(m, 2, 3);
6 System.out.println(m);
7 }
8 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
[one, two, four, three, five, six, siven]
13. fill
用对象o替换集合list中的所有元素
1 public static <T> void fill(List<? super T> list,
2 T obj)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 List m = Arrays.asList("one two three four five six siven".split(" "));
4 System.out.println(m);
5 Collections.fill(m, "haha52T25xixi");
6 System.out.println(m);
7 }
8 }
运行结果为:
[one, two, three, four, five, six, siven]
[haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi, haha52T25xixi]
14. nCopies
返回大小为n的List,List不可改变,其中的所有引用都指向o
1 public static <T> List<T> nCopies(int n,
2 T o)
示例:
1 public class Practice {
2 public static void main(String[] args){
3 System.out.println(Collections.nCopies(5, "haha"));
4 }
5 }
运行结果为:
[haha, haha, haha, haha, haha]