Slatstack 介绍
官方源:http://repo.saltstack.com/ (介绍各操作系统安装方法)
centos 6源
yum install https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-1.el6.noarch.rpm
centos 7 源
yum install https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-latest-1.el7.noarch.rpm
http://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/7/x86_64
基于python开发,提供REST API接口
三大功能: 远程执行、配置管理(状态)、云管理
其它:Puppet(ruby)、ansible(python)
四种运行方式:Local、Minion/Master(C/S)、Syndic(代理,类似zabbix proxy)、Salt SSH
快速安装
- 安装
服务端
yum install salt-master salt-minion -y
客户端
yum install salt-minion -y
启动服务端
systemctl start salt-master
配置客户端
vim /etc/salt/minion master: 192.168.137.11 # 配置master地址 id: # 每台主机的唯一标识,不配置默认为主机名
启动客户端
systemctl start salt-minion
启动后/etc/salt下生成minion_id文件,默认为主机名
如果修改id,需要删除minion_id
- master和minion启动后pki介绍
第一次启动minion在/etc/salt下生成pki文件目录
包含minion的公钥minion.pub和私钥minion.pem
第一次启动master在/etc/salt下生成pki文件目录
包含master的公钥master.pub和私钥master.pem
linux-node1.example.com和linux-node2.example.com为minion的公钥,名称为id名
minions_pre为预认证目录
- 认证
salt-key
Accepted Keys 已同意的key
Denied Keys 拒绝的key
Unaccepted Keys 未认证的key
salt-key -a linux-node1.example.com
指定linux-node1.example.com这台minion被信任
salt-key -a linux* # 通配符
说明:-a :accept ,-A:accept-all,-d:delete,-D:delete-all
两台minion已认证成功,此时再次查看master pki文件目录,minion的公钥文件放入了minions目录下
再次查看minion pki文件目录,存在minion_master.pub公钥文件
- 远程执行
语法: 命令 目标 模块.方法 方法参数
检查所有主机状态
salt '*' test.ping
检查指定主机状态
salt "linux-node2.example.com" test.ping
指定主机,远程执行shell命令
salt "linux-node2.example.com" cmd.run "ls -lrt /root"
重启所有主机的zabbix agent
salt "*" cmd.run "systemctl restart zabbix-agent"
- 状态模块
state 写一个描述文件。格式:YAML ,后缀:.sls
YAML介绍(重要)
YAML是"YAML Ain't a Markup Language"(YAML不是一种置标语言)的递归缩写。(可以查看百度百科介绍)
格式:数据结构可以用类似大纲的缩排方式呈现,结构通过缩进来表示,连续的项目通过减号“-”来表示,map结构里面的key/value对用冒号“:”来分隔。
样例如下:
salt管理理解YAML介绍 https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/yaml/index.html
salt YAML三个规则:
1)缩进,需要用2个空格,不能使用Tab键;
2)冒号,冒号和缩进共用、键值对(中间有空格)
3)短横线, 于后面的值有空格
- master配置
vim /etc/salt/master file_roots # 定义base、测试、灰度、生产环境配置文件路径,base名称不能改
重启master
systemctl restart salt-master
创建配置文件目录
cd /srv mkdir salt
- sls文件创建
apache.sls,放入到/srv/salt/web目录下
apache-install: # 自定义的id,名称 pkg.installed: # 状态模块,salt自带的, 模块.方法 - names: # 参数 - httpd - httpd-devel apache-service: # 自定义的id,名称 service.running: # 状态模块,salt自带的, 模块.方法 - name: httpd # 参数 - enable: True
执行这个文件
salt "*" state.sls web.apache
执行流程:
1)master将这个文件发送至minion
2)minion放在/var/cache/salt/minion目录下
3)minion根据这个文件从上往下执行
执行结果
1 linux-node2.example.com:
2 ----------
3 ID: apache-install
4 Function: pkg.installed
5 Name: httpd
6 Result: True
7 Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd
8 Started: 13:12:23.142622
9 Duration: 103093.75 ms
10 Changes:
11 ----------
12 apr:
13 ----------
14 new:
15 1.4.8-3.el7
16 old:
17 apr-util:
18 ----------
19 new:
20 1.5.2-6.el7
21 old:
22 httpd:
23 ----------
24 new:
25 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
26 old:
27 httpd-tools:
28 ----------
29 new:
30 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
31 old:
32 mailcap:
33 ----------
34 new:
35 2.1.41-2.el7
36 old:
37 ----------
38 ID: apache-install
39 Function: pkg.installed
40 Name: httpd-devel
41 Result: True
42 Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd-devel
43 Started: 13:14:06.266419
44 Duration: 75699.845 ms
45 Changes:
46 ----------
47 apr-devel:
48 ----------
49 new:
50 1.4.8-3.el7
51 old:
52 apr-util-devel:
53 ----------
54 new:
55 1.5.2-6.el7
56 old:
57 cyrus-sasl-devel:
58 ----------
59 new:
60 2.1.26-20.el7_2
61 old:
62 expat-devel:
63 ----------
64 new:
65 2.1.0-8.el7
66 old:
67 httpd-devel:
68 ----------
69 new:
70 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
71 old:
72 libdb-devel:
73 ----------
74 new:
75 5.3.21-19.el7
76 old:
77 openldap-devel:
78 ----------
79 new:
80 2.4.40-9.el7_2
81 old:
82 ----------
83 ID: apache-service
84 Function: service.running
85 Name: httpd
86 Result: True
87 Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
88 Started: 13:15:22.549732
89 Duration: 509.773 ms
90 Changes:
91 ----------
92 httpd:
93 True
94
95 Summary for linux-node2.example.com
96 ------------
97 Succeeded: 3 (changed=3)
98 Failed: 0
99 ------------
100 Total states run: 3
101 Total run time: 179.303 s
102 linux-node1.example.com:
103 ----------
104 ID: apache-install
105 Function: pkg.installed
106 Name: httpd
107 Result: True
108 Comment: Package httpd is already installed
109 Started: 21:12:17.773014
110 Duration: 1030.017 ms
111 Changes:
112 ----------
113 ID: apache-install
114 Function: pkg.installed
115 Name: httpd-devel
116 Result: True
117 Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: httpd-devel
118 Started: 21:12:18.803216
119 Duration: 179505.346 ms
120 Changes:
121 ----------
122 apr-devel:
123 ----------
124 new:
125 1.4.8-3.el7
126 old:
127 apr-util-devel:
128 ----------
129 new:
130 1.5.2-6.el7
131 old:
132 cyrus-sasl-devel:
133 ----------
134 new:
135 2.1.26-20.el7_2
136 old:
137 expat-devel:
138 ----------
139 new:
140 2.1.0-8.el7
141 old:
142 httpd-devel:
143 ----------
144 new:
145 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4
146 old:
147 libdb-devel:
148 ----------
149 new:
150 5.3.21-19.el7
151 old:
152 openldap-devel:
153 ----------
154 new:
155 2.4.40-9.el7_2
156 old:
157 ----------
158 ID: apache-service
159 Function: service.running
160 Name: httpd
161 Result: True
162 Comment: The service httpd is already running
163 Started: 21:15:18.523234
164 Duration: 62.391 ms
165 Changes:
166
167 Summary for linux-node1.example.com
168 ------------
169 Succeeded: 3 (changed=1)
170 Failed: 0
171 ------------
172 Total states run: 3
173 Total run time: 180.598 s
View Code
- top file
默认文件名top.sls,放在base目录下,base目录在file_roots配置项配置
通过top.sls文件可以实现根据不同的minion执行不同的sls文件
base: # 固定名称,必填 'linux-node1.example.com': # minion id - web.apache # apache.sls 'linux-node2.example.com': - web.apache
salt "*" state.highstate
上面命令执行state高级状态,它只会执行入口文件top.sls, 根据top文件中内容执行
生产环境中不建议使用*,需要指定具体主机,先用test测试
salt "linux-node1.example.com" state.highstate test=True
测试正常后执行
salt "linux-node1.example.com" state.highstate