--------------------------------------------------oracle命令------------------------------------------ 
 查看数据库锁表的sql命令如下:
 SELECT l.session_id sid, s.serial#, l.locked_mode,l.oracle_username,
 l.os_user_name,s.machine, s.terminal, o.object_name, s.logon_time
 FROM v$locked_object l, all_objects o, v$session s
 WHERE l.object_id = o.object_id
 AND l.session_id = s.sid
 ORDER BY sid, s.serial# ;
 删除锁表的命令
 alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'
 创建数据库成功
 ╔-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆oracle创建库ACR完成后1、首先要对这个库创建一个ACR的用户2、给ACR这个用户赋上dba权限   ☆ 
 ╚-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 CREATE USER ACR IDENTIFIED BY ACR  ---identified by 被识别的、被鉴定的、被认同的GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE TO ACR      ---给用户授予连接和建表的权限
GRANT dba to ACR                   ---grant  授予
现在使用的是默认的表空间,可以自己创建表空间进行方便管理
 现在如果导入数据时出现错误可能是dba的sys密码和创建用户的密码一直造成的
 可以用命令:
 alter user ACR IDENTIFIED BY ACR123 来修改密码;----创建库完成后
     1、首先以sys用户密码是创建库时的密码123456登录
     2、先给库创建表空间:
        create tablespace DATATEST datafile 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\second\DATATEST.dbf' size 1G ;
        (删除表空间的命令:drop tablespace TBS_CUSTRISK including contents and datafiles;
             linux创建表空间的命令:
               CREATE TABLESPACE SLSADMIN
               LOGGING
               DATAFILE '/newdisk/SLSADMIN.dbf' SIZE 5G AUTOEXTEND OFF,
               EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
               ONLINE
               SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
        )
     3、创建用户:create user jiaoqf identified by second;
     4、修改用户的默认表空间(就是把表空间给创建的用户)alter user jiaoqf default tablespace DATATEST;
     5、给用户授予连接和建表的权限:grant connect,resource to jiaoqf;
     6、给用户授予dba权限:grant dba to jiaoqf;
     7、以用户登录报用户名或密码错误,此时修改用户的密码(不要和sys的密码相同):alter user jiaoqf identified by ora123;
     8、以jiaoqf登录密码:ora123成功,此时就可以导入备份的dmp文件了
  ╔----------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆oracle导出和导入单表的命令   ☆ 
 ╚----------------------------------------------╝
 C:\Users\jiaoqf>exp ACR/ACR@ACR TABLES=(BIFM02) FILE = F:\BIFM02.DMPC:\Users\jiaoqf>imp  ACR/ACR@192.168.1.109:1521/orcl TABLES=(code_org_organ) FILE =/home/mq/code_org_organ.DMP
  
  
 imp ACR/ACR  FILE=F:\BIFM02_02.DMP FULL= Y╔--------------------------------------------------------------------╗
 ☆ 必须导出空表时 整个库导出导入命令           ☆
 ╚--------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 先执行select 'alter table '||table_name||' allocate extent;' from user_tables
  把查询出的结果执行,在导出dmp文件时就会把空表导出来了
 exp ACR/ACR@ACR_10 file=d:\ACR.dmp log=d:\user.log imp user/passwd file=d:\user.dmp full=y
 ╔----------------------------------------------╗
 ☆ 远程整个库导出导入命令       ☆
 ╚----------------------------------------------╝
 exp ACR/ACR@192.200.3.247/ACR_10 file=/home/oracle/ACR.dmp log=d:\user.log owner=orclimp user/passwd@192.200.3.247/ACR_10 file=d:\user.dmp full=y
 ╔-------------------------------------------------------------------╗
 ☆ 导入备份文件的一张表的命令如下          ☆
 ╚-------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 imp ACR/ACR@ACR file=F:\ALL.dmp tables=BIFM02 ignore=y╔-------------------------------------------------------------------╗
 ☆ 导出查询出来数据的命令 (在d盘生成a.txt)☆
 ╚-------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 SQL> spool d://a.txt
 Started spooling to d:\a.txtSQL> SELECT * FROM UMG_USER where substr(organ_id,0,3) in ('210');
SQL> spool off;
╔-------------------------------------------------------------------╗
 ☆启动和停止linux系统上的 oracle的命令         ☆
 ╚-------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 linux 上启动oracle的命令和启动监听的命令
 su - oracle 
 sqlplus /nolog
 connect  /as sysdba
 shutdown  immediate
 exit
 lsnrctl stop
 lsnrctl start
 su - oracle 
 sqlplus /nolog
 connect  /as sysdba
 startup
 exit
 windows上启动orcle的命令
 首先cmd进入命令提示符中
 set ORACLE_SID=orcl
 sqlplus / as sysdba
 shutdown immediate
 startup
 ╔-------------------------------------------------------------------╗
 ☆linux系统导出表的命令如下                               ☆
 ╚-------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 1首先切换到oracle 用户 su - oracle
 2输入命令:exp ACR/ACR@ACR tables=ALL_PERIDEN_INFO file=/OracleData/ALL_PERIDEN_INFO0722.dmp log=ALL_PERIDEN_INFO0722.log╔---------------------------------╗ 
 ☆表内容的复制             ☆ 
 ╚---------------------------------╝
 create table emp_bak as select * from emp;
 ╔-----------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆查询的数据直接放到已经存在的表中    ☆ 
 ╚-----------------------------------------------------------╝
 insert into emp_bak select * from emp where job='manager';
 ╔---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆oracle查询一张表的前五行内容的时候和DB2查询是有区别的     ☆ 
 ╚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 oracle:select * from emp where rownum<=5;
 db2:   select * from emp fetch first 5 rows only;
 ╔-------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆启动oracle服务的命令     ☆ 
 ╚-------------------------------------╝
  net start oracleservicesystem;
  net start oracleservicerspdb;
 ╔-------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆查看数据库的用户名和密码 ☆ 
 ╚-------------------------------------------╝
  SQL> select username,account_status,password from dba_users where username='SLSINT';
 ╔---------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆数据库的用户被锁解锁的语句☆ 
 ╚---------------------------------------------╝
 SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
 用户已更改。
 SQL> password scott;
 更改 scott 的口令
 新口令:
 重新键入新口令:
 口令已更改
 SQL> commit;
 ╔----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆对于数据库中的表数据比较大,这时候不能用delete from 而是用truncate table ☆ 
 ╚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 如:truncate table menu; COMMIT;
 ╔-----------------------------╗ 
 ☆赋权限的方法是    ☆ 
 ╚-----------------------------╝
 如:grant select on tmp to scott;
 ╔-------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆赋所有权限的方法(select ,update,create)是    ☆ 
 ╚-------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 如:grant all on tmp to scott;
 ╔----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆sys赋权限给scott,但scott也可以把这个权限赋权给其它用户的方法(select ,update,create)是    ☆ 
 ╚----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 如:connect sys/ACR@ACR as sysdba;
 grant select  on tmp to scott  with admin option;
 如果:sys把权限给scott,而scott把权限又给了acr,但如果sys把scott用户的权限给收了,那么acr还
           有没有权限(通吃连坐)acr也没有了权限
 ╔-----------------------------╗ 
 ☆收回权限的方法是 ☆ 
 ╚-----------------------------╝
 如:revoke select on tmp from scott;====================================================================================
 ╔---------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆oracle查看被锁的表和解锁      ☆ 
 ╚---------------------------------------------╝
 查看被锁的表 
 select p.spid,a.serial#, c.object_name,b.session_id,b.oracle_username,b.os_user_name   from   v$process   p,v$session   a,   v$locked_object   b,all_objects   c   where   p.addr=a.paddr   and   a.process=b.process   and   c.object_id=b.object_id ; 
 查看那个用户那个进程照成死锁,锁www.2cto.com的级别
 select b.owner,b.object_name,l.session_id,l.locked_mode from v$locked_object l, dba_objects b where b.object_id=l.object_id;
 查看连接的进程 
 SELECT sid, serial#, username, osuser FROM v$session; 
 杀掉进程 
 alter   system     kill   session   'sid,serial#'; 
 ===================================================================================
 ╔--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╗ 
 ☆oracle 的监听配置和远程是存在(本地是SERVICE_NAME=而远程是SID)对比如下      ☆ 
 ╚--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------╝
 | 本地------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 |SYSTEM =                                                             |
 |  (DESCRIPTION =                                                     |          
 |   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = adtec_1)(PORT = 1521))         |
 |    (CONNECT_DATA =                                                  |
 |      (SERVER = DEDICATED)                                           |                                    
 |      (SERVICE_NAME = SYSTEM)                                        |
 |    )                                                                |
 |  )                                                                  |                                                     | 远程----------------------------------------------------------------|
 |krm_114 =                                                            |
 |(DESCRIPTION =                                                       |          
 |  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.114)(PORT = 1521))    |
 |  (CONNECT_DATA =                                                    |
 |    (SERVER = DEDICATED)                                             |                                    
 |    (SID = ora11g)                                                   |
 |  )                                                                  |
 |)                                                                    |                                                    
 |------------------ --------------------------------------------------|        
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 东亚银行的mds.dmp导入时先创建表空间
  create tablespace SLSADMIN datafile 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\ACR\SLSADMIN.dbf' size 1G ;
 -----------------------数据库导入的语句总结
 CREATE TABLESPACE PISA
    DATAFILE 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl\PISA.dbf'
    SIZE 5G
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M
    MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
 CREATE TABLESPACE PISA_ETL
    DATAFILE 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl\PISA_ETL.dbf'
    SIZE 2G
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M
    MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
 commit;
 create user pisa
     identified by "pisa"
     default tablespace PISA
     temporary tablespace temp
     profile default;
     grant dba,connect,resource to pisa;
 commit; 
 imp slstjm/slstjm file=f:/pisa.dmp fromuser=pisa touser=slstjm
 -------------------------oracle数据库
 当前的连接数
  Select count(*) from v$process;
 数据库的最大连接数
  Select value from v$parameter where name='processes'
 Select value  from v$parameter where name='session'
 用sysdba直接查看的命令:show parameter processes;
                         show parameter sessions;
 修改的这些参数的命令
 alter system set sessions=1024 scope=spfile;
 alter system set processes=926 scope=spfile;
 数据库的优化是sessiones和processes之间有一定的换算定律
 sessones = (processes+5)*1.1  
 数据库获得最好的的调优性能------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |linux下启动视图化界面删除监听的命令:netca                                                    |
 |LINUX下启动视图化界面创建数据库的命令:dbca                                                   |
 |LINUX下启动视图化界面进入控制中心:netmgr                                                     |
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 不小心删掉oracle数据库datafiles的dbf文件的解决办法