一、一对多单向关联

多对一与一对多类似
一对多映射中,只需要在一方的POJO中加入Set.
在一方的映射中加入:

<set name="students">
 <key column="class_id"></key>
 <one-to-many class="Student"/>
</set>


起到指示作用,指示在多方的表中加入一个外键.

Hibernate一对多单向关联映射

这种映射的本质是利用了多对一的关联映射的原理

多对一关联映射:是在多的一端添加一个外键维护多指向一的关联引用
一对多关联映射:是在多的一端添加一个外键维护一指向多的关联引用

也就是说,一对多和多对一的映射策略是一致的,只是站的角度不同

缺点:
  * 更新student表中的classesid字段时,需要对每一个student发出一个update的sql,
    来更新classesid字段
  * 如果将t_student表中的classesis设置为非空,则不能保存student数据,因为关系是由
    classes维护的,在保存student时,还没有对应的classesid被生成

 

 

具体示例如下:

package com.lwf.hibernate.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Classes {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Set students = new HashSet();
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Set getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
	
}

 

package com.lwf.hibernate.pojo;

public class Student {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;

	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
}

 

Classes.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-mapping package="com.lwf.hibernate.pojo">
	
		<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
			<id name="id">
				<generator class="native"/>
			</id>
			<property name="name"/>
			<set name="students" >
				<key column="class_id" ></key>
				<one-to-many class="Student" />
			</set>
			
		</class>
	</hibernate-mapping>

 Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-mapping package="com.lwf.hibernate.pojo">
		<class name="Student" table="t_student">
			<id name="id">
				<generator class="native"/>
			</id>
			<property name="name"/>
			<property name="age"/>
			
		</class>
		
	</hibernate-mapping>

  

具体的数据库结构:

 

mysql> desc student;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name     | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| class_id | int(11)      | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)

mysql> desc t_class;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

 

 测试方法:

package com.lwf.hibernate.test;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.lwf.hibernate.pojo.Classes;
import com.lwf.hibernate.pojo.Student;
import com.lwf.hibernate.util.HibernateUtil;

public class One2Many_Test extends TestCase{

	//从classes这一端来维护,即在单方维护,会产生insert和update语句.
	public void testClasses(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			
			Set students = new HashSet();
			for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
				Student s = new Student();
				s.setName("name" + i);
				s.setAge((10 + i));
				students.add(s);
				session.save(s);
			}
			
			
			Classes cla = new Classes();
			cla.setName("class1");
			cla.setStudents(students);
			session.save(cla);
			//先保存,最后根据class_id更新Student
			
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	
	public void testLoad(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			Classes s = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
			Set student = s.getStudents();
			for (Iterator iterator = student.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
				Student stu = (Student) iterator.next();
				System.out.println(stu.getName());
			}
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	
}

 

 

注意保存生成的语句:

Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update t_student set class_id=? where id=?
Hibernate: update t_student set class_id=? where id=?
Hibernate: update t_student set class_id=? where id=?
Hibernate: update t_student set class_id=? where id=?
Hibernate: update t_student set class_id=? where id=?

 

先保存student,再保存classes最后根据classes的id更新student的class_id

这实际上是由classes这方来维护两者的关联关系.

正常情况下关系应该由多的一方来维护,在双向关联中我们从多方来维护两者的关系.这样就可以避免update语句的出现.而是直接insert即可.

 

二、一对多双向关联

 

下面我们看看双向的一对多映射,实际上就是把一对多与多对一结合起来看.

Hibernate 一对多双向关联映射

一对多双向关联映射的方法:

在一一端:
在集合标签里面使用<key>标签来表明需要在对方的表中添加一个外键指向一一端。

在多一端:
使用<many-to-one>标签来映射。

需要注意:<key>标签所指定的外键字段名需要与<many-to-one>标签定义的外键字段名一致,否则便会造成引用数据的
丢失!

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如果从一端来维护一对多双向关联的关系,hibernate会发出多余的update语句,所以
一般地情况下,我们便会从多一端来维护其关联关系!
----------------------------------------------------

  

 

 在单向映射的基础上加上多对一关联即可.更改的文件:

package com.lwf.hibernate.pojo;

public class Student {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Classes classes;
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Classes getClasses() {
		return classes;
	}
	public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
		this.classes = classes;
	}
	
}

 

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-mapping package="com.lwf.hibernate.pojo">
		<class name="Student" table="t_student">
			<id name="id">
				<generator class="native"/>
			</id>
			<property name="name"/>
			<property name="age"/>
			<many-to-one name="classes" column="class_id"></many-to-one>
		</class>
		
	</hibernate-mapping>

 

即从Student的角度就是多对一,而从Classes角度就是一对多.

此时的表结构与单向的时候是一样的.

package com.lwf.hibernate.test;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import com.lwf.hibernate.pojo.Classes;
import com.lwf.hibernate.pojo.Student;
import com.lwf.hibernate.util.HibernateUtil;

public class One2Many_Test extends TestCase{

	//从classes这一端来维护,即在单方维护,会产生insert和update语句.
	public void testClasses(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			
			Set students = new HashSet();
			for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
				Student s = new Student();
				s.setName("name" + i);
				s.setAge((10 + i));
				students.add(s);
				session.save(s);
			}
			
			
			Classes cla = new Classes();
			cla.setName("class1");
			cla.setStudents(students);
			session.save(cla);
			//先保存,最后根据class_id更新Student
			
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	
	//由于配置了双向关联,所以下面先保存了classes再保存student只有insert语句,没有update语句
	public void testStudent(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			Classes cla = new Classes();
			cla.setName("class111");
			session.save(cla);
			for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
				Student s  = new Student();
				s.setName("name111"+i);
				s.setClasses(cla);
				session.save(s);
			}
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
			
	}
	
	//从classes得到student,主要测试单向关联
	public void testLoadClass(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			Classes s = (Classes)session.load(Classes.class, 1);
			Set student = s.getStudents();
			for (Iterator iterator = student.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
				Student stu = (Student) iterator.next();
				System.out.println(stu.getName());
			}
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	//从student得到classes,配置了双向关联后的测试
	public void testLoadStudent(){
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			Student s = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			System.out.println(s.getName());
			System.out.println(s.getClasses().getName());
			HibernateUtil.commit(session);
		}catch(Exception e){
			HibernateUtil.roolback(session);
		}finally{
			HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	
}

主要区别:

由于配置了双向关联,所以下面先保存了classes再保存student只有insert语句,没有update语句

以下是testStudent方法产生的SQL语句

Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)

 

 

 

三、下面讨论一下关于INVERSE的用法:

关于inverse属性:
inverse属性可以被设置到集合标签<set>上,表示在存储双向一对多关联映射的时候,
存储的是那一方的关联引用。默认情况下,inverse=“false”,所以,我们可以从一一端
或者多一端来维护两者之间的关系;如果我们设置inverse=“true”,则只能通过多一端来
维护两者之间的关系。inverse属性可以被用在一对多和多对多双向关联中;

注意:inverse属性只是在将数据持久化到数据库的过程中发挥作用.

 

主要看看上面双向关联中testClasses方法,当classes.hbm.xml文件如下时

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-mapping package="com.lwf.hibernate.pojo">
	
		<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
			<id name="id">
				<generator class="native"/>
			</id>
			<property name="name"/>
			<set name="students" >
				<key column="class_id" ></key>
				<one-to-many class="Student" />
			</set>
			
		</class>
	</hibernate-mapping>

 我们知道上面的testClasses方法产生的sql语句是先insert再update,上面已经讲到是从一方来维护关联关系的.那么现在我们把classes.hbm.xml的set上面增加inverse="true"即

<set name="students" inverse="true">
	<key column="class_id" ></key>
	<one-to-many class="Student" />
</set>

 那么这时候testClasses方法产生的SQL语句是?

Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, age, class_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name) values (?)

 

虽然只产生了insert语句,但因为t_classes插入语句在后,所以数据库里面对应的t_student的记录:

mysql> select * from t_student;
+----+-------+------+----------+
| id | name  | age  | class_id |
+----+-------+------+----------+
|  1 | name0 |   10 |     NULL |
|  2 | name1 |   11 |     NULL |
|  3 | name2 |   12 |     NULL |
|  4 | name3 |   13 |     NULL |
|  5 | name4 |   14 |     NULL |
+----+-------+------+----------+

 显然class_id为空.没有更新.

即用了INVERSE,将强制要求从多的一方来维护关系.即当设置了INVERSE属性后,要求使用testStudent方法来做保存.

而INVERSE属性没有设置时,对于双向的一对多关联,我们即可以使用testClasses又可以使用testStudent方法进行保存,但是他们的区别是testClasses操作中有insert和update语句,而testStudent只有insert语句.显然使用testStudent即从多方来维护关联关系节约了资源...