python apschdeluer cron表达式_字符串

对上表一些比较重要常用的内置函数做一个整理

chr()与ord()     chr()是将ASCII中十进制编号转换成相应的字符,而ord()刚好相反

c = chr(49)
o = ord('1')
print(c)
print(o)

输出结果:
1
49

知道了chr()的基本用法,可以利用它来生成一个字母验证码,因为验证码都是随机生成的,所以这里要涉及到random模块。在ASCII中,大写字母的十进制编号是从65到90.

小写字母是97到122

1 import random
 2 li = []
 3 for i in range(6):
 4     r = random.randrange(0,7)
 5     if r == 2 or r == 4:
 6         num = random.randrange(0,10)
 7         li.append(str(num))
 8     elif r ==1 or r == 5:
 9         item = random.randrange(97,123)
10         c = chr(item)
11         li.append(c)
12     else:
13         item = random.randrange(65, 91)
14         C = chr(item)
15         li.append(C)
16 result = "".join(li)#将列表的元素提取出来,使用join是,元素需要是字符串类型
17 print(result)

compile() eval() exec()  在了解compile之前,我们先来了解一下python中.py文件是如何打开的。当我们读取文件内容时,把字符串加载至内存中,python将内存中的字符串编译成特殊的代码,然后执行该代码。compile()的作用就是将字符串编译成代码。exec()、eval()都是执行代码,但它们是有区别滴~(看代码中注释)

1 s = "print(123)"
 2 #将字符串编译成python代码
 3 r = compile(s, '<string>', 'exec')
 4 print(r)
 5 #接收代码或字符串,执行python代码(字符串),没有返回值
 6 exec(r)
 7 输出结果:
 8 <code object <module> at 0x00000245086A2780, file "<string>", line 1>
 9 123
10 
11 s = '8 * 8'
12 #执行表达式,并且获取结果,有返回值
13 ret = eval(s)
14 print(ret)
15 输出结果:
16 64

dir() help()   dir()是快速查看对象提供了哪些功能,help()提供了功能的具体解释,不常用。

print(dir(list))
help(list)
输出结果:
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
Help on class list in module builtins:

class list(object)
 |  list() -> new empty list
 |  list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
 |  
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __add__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self+value.
 |  
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      Return key in self.
 |  
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |  
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
 |  
 |  __ge__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>=value.
 |  
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |  
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |  
 |  __gt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>value.
 |  
 |  __iadd__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self+=value.
 |  
 |  __imul__(self, value, /)
 |      Implement self*=value.
 |  
 |  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |  
 |  __le__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<=value.
 |  
 |  __len__(self, /)
 |      Return len(self).
 |  
 |  __lt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<value.
 |  
 |  __mul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.n
 |  
 |  __ne__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self!=value.
 |  
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
 |  
 |  __repr__(self, /)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |  
 |  __reversed__(...)
 |      L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list
 |  
 |  __rmul__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self*value.
 |  
 |  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)
 |      Set self[key] to value.
 |  
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes
 |  
 |  append(...)
 |      L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end
 |  
 |  clear(...)
 |      L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L
 |  
 |  copy(...)
 |      L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L
 |  
 |  count(...)
 |      L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
 |  
 |  extend(...)
 |      L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
 |  
 |  index(...)
 |      L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  insert(...)
 |      L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
 |  
 |  pop(...)
 |      L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
 |      Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
 |  
 |  remove(...)
 |      L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
 |      Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
 |  
 |  reverse(...)
 |      L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  sort(...)
 |      L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__ = None

divmod() 该函数的形式为divmod(被除数,除数),返回的是一个商和余数的元组

r = divmod(98,10)
print(r)
print(r[0])
print(r[1])
n1, n2 = divmod(99,8)
print(n1, n2)
输出结果:
(9, 8)
9
8
12 3

enumerate() 遍历序列中的所有元素返回元素的下标和值

seq = ['alex', 'jack', 'john']
for i, element in enumerate(seq):
    print(i, element)
输出结果:
0 alex
1 jack
2 john

isinstance() 用于判断对象是否是某个类的实例 isinstance(对象,类型)

python apschdeluer cron表达式_sed_02

filter()  filter(函数,可迭代的对象) ,它会遍历第二个参数里的每一个元素,将这个元素代入到第一个参数里,若函数返回的是Turn,则将这个元素留下,否则抛弃。简而言之。就是它能根据条件过滤数据。

def f1(a):
    if a > 22:
        return True
lis = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]

res = filter(f1, lis)
print(list(res))
输出结果:
[33, 44, 55]


#由于f1函数是简单的函数,可以用lambda表达式代替
lis = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
res = filter(lambda a :a >22, lis)
print(list(res))

 map() map(函数,可迭代的对象),用于对对象里的每一个元素做操作。它会遍历对象里的每一个元素,将这个元素在函数里执行,将这些结果输出到新的对象中。

lis = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
res = map(lambda a: a + 100,lis)
print(list(res))
输出结果:
[111, 122, 133, 144, 155]

zip() 将多个列表的元素混合起来,返回一个新的列表,里面是元素是元组型。

l1 = ['linda', 22, 33]
l2 = ['happy', 22, 33]
l3 = ['everyday', 22, 33]
new_lis = zip(l1, l2, l3)
res = list(new_lis)[0]
r = ' '.join(res)
print(r)
输出结果:
linda happy everyday

暂时写到这,后续应该还有补充……