db2 SQL语法和语句块大全
 以下的文章主要向大家描述的是DB2 sql 存储过程基础,存储过程就是stored 简称为procedure。要学这个我们必须要先得弄明白另外一个概念:routine,这个一般翻译成“例程” 。

  routine:存在server端,按应用程序逻辑编写的,可以通过client或者其他routine调用的数据库对象.

  3种类型:stored procedures,UDFs(自定义function),methods.

  stored procedures:作为客户端的扩展但是运行在服务端;UDFs:扩展并且自定义SQL;methods:提供结构化类型的行为

  2种形式:

  1)sql routines:完全用sql编写,通过create statement来注册routine.

  2)external routines:用C,C++,Java,OLE编写,stored procedure还可用cobol编写。任何语言编写的都可以包含sql。

  不同形式的routines可以互相调用,不管是什么语言编写的。

  再来看看stored procedure.

  stored procedures:可以通过call statement被client或者其他routine调用;stored procedures 和它的调用程序通过create procedure statement中的参数交换数据;stored procedures还能给它的调用者返回result sets.

  stored procedures的优点:

  1) 多个sql statement被调用者一次调用就能全部执行,这能减少client和server间的数据传输。

  2)将数据库逻辑与应用程序逻辑隔离开

  3)能返回多个result sets

  4)如果被应用程序调用,运行起来stored procedure就像应用程序的一部分

  缺点:

  1)不能被sql statement调用,除了用call

  2)返回的结果集不能直接被sql statement使用

  3)多次调用之间不能保存调用的状态,即调用之间是独立的,无法传递信息。

  一般的应用之处:

  1)提供一个interface给一组sql statements。比如同时对多个表的insert操作

  2)标准化应用程序逻辑(不理解,就是把db logic与app logic隔离吗?)

  开发特性:

  明白了这些基本概念后再来看看开发的特性。根据以上得知开发routine的语言有很多,这篇只讲sql procedure(即sql/sql pl写的procedure)。

  各种语言的特性

  sql:

  1)效率高于java routine,基本上与c/c++ routine相当

  2)完全用sql编写,能很快就能执行(making them quick to implement)

  3)DB2认为sql routine是’safe’的因为全是sql,正因如此sql routine能直接在db engine上运行,并且有很好的运行效率和应用范围(good performance and scalability)

  stored procedure feathures: parameter modes:

  3种类型的参数:

  1)IN :传入数据到stored procedure

  2)OUT: stored procedure 返回数据

  3)INOUT: 传入的那部分数据,在执行过程中被返回数据覆盖

  result sets:

  stored procedure通过cursor来传递结果集给调用者。DB2 sql 存储过程必须为每一个需要返回的结果集保留一个游标。

  使用with return to caller/client来指定结果集返回的对象。指定为client将使得中间调用的routine不能获得结果集,只有client才能获得。

  使用dynamic result sets 语句来指定返回结果集的数目,这个数目保存在syscat.routines视图的result_sets字段。如果实际返回的结果集数目大于声明的这个数目,将发出一个warning(sqlcode +464,sqlstate 0100E)

  sql stored procedure返回结果集的操作步骤:

  1)declare cursor:

  如:

  declare clientcur cursor with return to caller for select * from staff;

  2)open the cursor:如 open clientcur;

  3)不关闭游标退出stored procedure

  开发:

  最后终于来到了真正的开发了,刚才讲到sql procedure是由sql,sql pl写的,sql就没什么好说的了。关键说说sql pl (procedural language)

  功能:控制逻辑流向,声明和设置变量,处理警告和异常。可用于例程(routine),触发器,动态复合语句(单个调用中的sql语句块)

  控制语句:declare,set,for,get diagnostics,if,iterate,leave,return,signal,while

  sql pl不能执行的sql:table,index,view的create和drop

  begin atomic 开头,end 结尾

  declare :定义变量 和 定义出错处理

  declare sql-var-name data-type default default-values declare condition-name condition for sqlstate value…

  这里的condition一般做“异常”解释

  set:声明变量 和 给触发器定义中的表中的列赋值

set pay = select salary from employee where empno = 5;//仅返回一个值
  set pay = null;//空值
  set pay = default;//变量定义的默认值
  //专用寄存器的内容
  set useriduserid = userid; set today = current date;
  //同时给多个变量赋值
  set pay =10000,bonus = 1500; set (pay,bonus) = (10000,1500); set (pay,bonus) = select (pay,bonus) from employee where empno = 5; >>if/then/else

  三种形式:

  1) if then/end if 语句块

  2) if then/else/end if

  3) if then/elseif /else/end if

  可以在if/then/else 语句中使用sql运算符,如:

if (salary between 10000 and 90000) then… if (deptno in (‘a00’,’b01’)) then.. if (exist (select * from employee)) then… if (select count(*) from employee)>0) then.. >>while label: while condition do …sql pl .. end while lable;
  label可选
  >>for:用于循环select返回结果集的行

  格式:

label: for row_label as select satement do ..sql pl..
  end for label;//label可选

  例子:

for emp as select * from employee where bonus >1000 do set total_bonustotal_bonus = total_bonus +emp.bonus; end for;
  >>iterate:用来回到for或者while循环的开始重新执行
  check_bonus: for emp as select * from employee do if(emp.bonus>10000) then set total_bonustotal_bonus = total_bonus +emp.bonus; else iterate check_bonus; end if; end for check_bonus;
  >>leave:相当于java中的break,需要一个label
  >>signal:对出现异常的应用程序报警
  signal sqlstate value set message_text = ‘…’;//自定义一个sqlstate,7、8、9和I~Z开头的sqlstate
  signal condition set message_text = ‘…’;//自定义异常condition
  >>get diagnostics:用在sql pl触发器或语句块(不是函数)内,返回update,insert,delete语句影响的记录数。
  get diagnostics variable = row_count;

  以上的相关内容就是对DB2 sql 存储过程基础的详细解析的介绍,望你能有所收获。

DB2循环语句怎么写31.Db2的循环控制语句loop用法?
答:loop例子:

OPEN c1; 
 SET at_end = 0; 
 SET numrec = 0; 
 fetch_loop: 1 
 LOOP 
 FETCH c1 INTO proc_cusnbr, proc_cuscrd; 
 IF SQLCODE = 0 THEN 
 SET proc_cuscrd = proc_cuscrd * 1.2; 
 UPDATE ordapplib.customer 
 SET cuscrd = proc_cuscrd 
 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; 
 SET numrec = numrec + 1; 
 ELSE 
 LEAVE fetch_loop; 2 
 END IF; 
 END LOOP fetch_loop; 3 
 CLOSE c1;

32.Db2的循环控制语句while用法?
答:while 例子:

OPEN c1; 
 SET at_end = 0; 
 SET numrec = 0; 
 WHILE at_end = 0 DO 
 FETCH c1 INTO proc_cusnbr, proc_cuscrd; 
 IF SQLCODE = 0 THEN 
 SET proc_cuscrd = proc_cuscrd * 1.2; 
 UPDATE ordapplib.customer 
 SET cuscrd = proc_cuscrd 
 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; 
 SET numrec = numrec + 1; 
 ELSE 
 SET at_end = 1; 
 END IF; 
 END WHILE; 
 CLOSE c1; 
 myfriend2010 (2007-8-30 12:54:02)


33.Db2的循环控制语句repeat用法?
答:repeat例子

SET numrec = 0; 
 fetch_loop: 
 REPEAT 
 FETCH c1 INTO proc_cusnbr, proc_cuscrd; 
 IF SQLCODE = 0 THEN 
 SET proc_cuscrd = proc_cuscrd * 1.2; 
 UPDATE ordapplib.customer 
 SET cuscrd = proc_cuscrd 
 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; 
 SET numrec = numrec + 1; 
 END IF; 
 UNTIL SQLCODE <> 0 
 END REPEAT fetch_loop;

34.Db2的循环控制语句for用法?
答:for 例子

FOR each_record AS 
 cursor1 CURSOR FOR 
 SELECT cusnbr, cuscrd FROM ordapplib.customer 
 DO 
 UPDATE ordapplib.customer 
 SET cuscrd = cuscrd * 1.1 
 WHERE CURRENT OF cursor1; 
 END FOR; 
 myfriend2010 (2007-8-30 12:54:41)


34.循环控制Break,Continue在Db2用法?
答:在db2中 Break 转换为leave lab, Continue 转换为ITERATE lab
等同于GOTO语句
举例如下:
============== leave 例子

OPEN c1; 
 SET at_end = 0; 
 SET numrec = 0; 
 fetch_loop: 1 
 LOOP 
 FETCH c1 INTO proc_cusnbr, proc_cuscrd; 
 IF SQLCODE = 0 THEN 
 SET proc_cuscrd = proc_cuscrd * 1.2; 
 UPDATE ordapplib.customer 
 SET cuscrd = proc_cuscrd 
 WHERE CURRENT OF c1; 
 SET numrec = numrec + 1; 
 ELSE 
 LEAVE fetch_loop; 2 
 END IF; 
 END LOOP fetch_loop; 
 CLOSE c1;


============ iterate 例子

BEGIN 
 OPEN c1; 
 ins_loop: 1 
 LOOP 
 FETCH c1 INTO v_dept, v_deptname, v_admdept; 
 IF at_end = 1 THEN 
 LEAVE ins_loop; 
 ELSEIF v_dept = ‘D11’ THEN 
 ITERATE ins_loop; 2 
 END IF; 
 INSERT INTO sampledb02.deptnew (deptno, deptname, admrdept) 
 VALUES (v_dept, v_deptname, v_admdept); 
 END LOOP; 
 CLOSE c1; 
 END;


35.在Db2存储过程中使用滚动游标(scrollable cursor)?
答:例子

CREATE PROCEDURE MYMAX 
 ( IN fld_name CHAR(30), 
 IN file_name CHAR(128), 
 INOUT max_value INTEGER) 
 LANGUAGE SQL 
 BEGIN atomic 
 DECLARE sql_stmt CHAR(256); 
 DECLARE not_found 
 CONDITION FOR ‘02000’; 
 DECLARE c1 DYNAMIC SCROLL CURSOR FOR s1; – 声明动态滚动游标 
 DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR not_found 
 SET max_value = NULL; 
 SET sql_stmt = ‘SELECT ’ || fld_name || ’ FROM ’ || file_name || 
 ’ ORDER BY 1’; –组合sql语句 
 PREPARE s1 FROM sql_stmt; 
 OPEN c1; 
 FETCH LAST FROM c1 INTO max_value; –转到最后行 
 CLOSE c1; 
 END


滚动游标的使用例子:(rpg)

EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION; 
 char fld_name[ 30 ]; 
 char file_name[ 128 ]; 
 integer max_value; 
 short ind3; 
 EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION; 
 Then the indicator variable is used in the call statement: 
 EXEC SQL 
 CALL MYMAX( :fld_name, :file_name, :max_value :ind3); 
 myfriend2010 (2007-8-30 12:55:05)


36.db2中存储过程中使用动态游标(dynamic cursor)?
答:使用PREPARE , EXECUTE ,EXECUTE IMMEDIATE语句
例子:

CREATE PROCEDURE DYNSQLSAMPLE() 
 LANGUAGE SQL 
 BEGIN 
 DECLARE stmt VARCHAR(256); 
 SET stmt = ‘UPDATE employee SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = ?’; 1 
 PREPARE s1 FROM stmt; 
 ins_loop: 
 FOR each_department AS 
 c1 CURSOR FOR 
 SELECT mgrno FROM department WHERE mgrno IS NOT NULL 
 DO 
 EXECUTE s1 USING mgrno; 
 END FOR; 
 END; 
 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement 例子: 
 PREPARE s1 FROM ‘UPDATE employee SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE 
 empno IN (SELECT DISTINCT mgrno FROM department WHERE mgrno IS NOT NULL); 
 EXECUTE s1; 
 等同于 
 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ‘UPDATE employee SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE 
 empno IN (SELECT DISTINCT mgrno FROM department WHERE mgrno IS NOT NULL);

最基本动态游标语句

============================================================================================
db2中的循环语句
2008-10-07 16:22 119人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

1.利用得到的游标在存储过程中循环:

DECLARE CUR_FEESET CURSOR WITH RETURN TO CALLER FOR (
          SELECT
                 --
          FROM 表
          WHERE 条件
          );
   OPEN CUR_FEESET;--得到游标
   --得到游标记录数
   SELECT
   count(CIF_CSTNO)
   into v_count
   FROM CB_CSTINF A ,CB_CSTBSNINF B
   WHERE A.CIF_STT<>'3' AND A.CIF_CSTNO = B.CBI_CSTNO ;   --
   FETCH CUR_FEESET INTO V_CSTNO,V_FEECODE,V_CSTLEVEL,V_FEEMODE;--
   WHILE V_COUNT>0 DO

     ……..
FETCH CUR_FEESET INTO V_CSTNO,V_FEECODE,V_CSTLEVEL,V_FEEMODE;–
END WHILE; –

2.另一种db2标准循环格式(leave、iterate 用法):

SET V_COUNT = LENGTH(V_VALIDAUTHCOMBOS);–
SET V_INDEX = 0;–
AUTHLOOP: 
 LOOP 
 IF V_INDEX >= V_COUNT THEN 
 LEAVE AUTHLOOP;–相当于break 
 END IF;– 
 …. 
 SET V_INDEX = V_INDEX + 1;– 
 ……. 
 IF 条件 THEN 
 ITERATE AUTHLOOP;– 相当于continue 
 END IF;– 
 END LOOP;–

3.截取字符串的循环(设V_TEMP=‘CB1001|CB1002|CB1003|’):

SET V_LENGTH = LENGTH(V_TEMP); 
 WHILE V_LENGTH>0 DO 
 SET V_POS = POSSTR(V_TEMP,’|’); 
 SET V_CURRENT_BSN = SUBSTR( V_TEMP, 1, V_POS-1 ); 
 SET V_TEMP = SUBSTR( V_TEMP, V_POS+1 ); 
 SET V_LENGTH = LENGTH(V_TEMP); 
 –最后一个字段,不再截取 
 SET V_BSNTYPE = V_CURRENT_BSN; 
 END WHILE;

4.游标循环(不用open 游标):

DROP PROCEDURE TESTFOR; 
 CREATE PROCEDURE TESTFOR() 
 LANGUAGE SQL 
 BEGIN 
 DECLARE V_TEMP1 VARCHAR(2); 
 DECLARE V_TEMP2 VARCHAR(70); 
 FOR V1 AS CURSOR1 CURSOR FOR 
 SELECT STUDENT_ID AS TEMP1,STUDENT_NAME AS TEMP2 FROM STUDENT 
 DO 
 DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE STUDENT_ID = TEMP1; 
 SET V_TEMP1 = TEMP1; 
 SET V_TEMP2 = TEMP2; 
 END FOR; 
 COMMIT; 
 END;