动态sql

mybatis的注解也支持动态sql。mybatis提供了各种注解,如@InsertProvider、@UpdateProvider、@DeleteProvider和@SelectProvider,来帮助构建动态sql语句,然后mybatis可以执行这些sql语句。
以上4个Provider注解都有type属性,该属性指定了一个类。method属性指定该类的方法,其用来提供需要执行的sql语句。使用字符串拼接的方法构建sql语句是非常困难的,并且用以出错。所以mybatis提供了一个sql工具类org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL,该类不使用字符串拼接的方式,并且会以合适的空格前缀和后缀来构造sql语句。

sql类的常用方法如下:
T Select(String columns):开始或追加select 子句,参数通常是一个逗号分割的列表的列。
T From(String table):启动或追加from子句。可以调用超过一次,这些参数通常是一个表名。
T JOIN(String join):向JOIN子句添加一个新的查询条件,该参数通常昌一个表,也可以包括一个标准的连接返回的结果集。
T INNER_JOIN(String join):同JOIN子句,连接方式是内连接(INNER_JOIN)
T LEFT_OUTER_JOIN(String join):同JOIN子句,连接方式是左外连接(LEFT_OUTER_JOIN)
T RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN(String join):同JOIN子句,连接方式是右外连接(RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN)
T WHERE(String conditions):追加一个新的where子句条件,可以多次调用。
T OR():使用OR拆分当前where子句条件,可以不止一次被调用。
T AND():使用AND拆分当前where子句条件,可以不止一次被调用。
T GROUP_BY(String columns):追加一个新的GROUP BY子句元素。
T HAVING(String columns):追加一个新的HAVING子句条件。
T ORDER_BY(String columns):追加一个新的ORDER  BY子句元素。
T INSERT_INTO(String tableName):启动INSERT语句插入到指定表,应遵循由一个或多个VALUES()调用。
T VALUES(String columns,String values):追加的INSERT语句,第一个参数是要插入的列,第二个参数是插入的值。
T DELETE_FROM(String table):启动delete语句,并指定表删除。
T UPDATE(string table):启动一个更新(UPDATE)语句,并指定表更新。
T SET(String sets):追加一个更新语句set列表。

 

下面看看例子:

1.创建表

CREATE TABLE tb_employee (
  ID INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  loginname VARCHAR(18),
  PASSWORD VARCHAR(18),
  NAME VARCHAR(18) DEFAULT NULL,
  SEX CHAR(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  AGE INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  phone VARCHAR(21),
  sal DOUBLE,
  state VARCHAR(18)
 )
 
 INSERT INTO tb_employee(loginname,PASSWORD,NAME,sex,age,phone,sal,state)
 VALUES('jack','123456','杰克','男',26,'13902019999',9800,'ACTIVE');
  INSERT INTO tb_employee(loginname,PASSWORD,NAME,sex,age,phone,sal,state)
 VALUES('rose','123456','露丝','女',21,'13902018888',6800,'ACTIVE');

2.创建model

Employee.java

package org.fkit.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Employee implements Serializable {
    
    private Integer id;             // 主键id
    private String loginname;     // 登录名
    private String password;     // 密码
    private String name;         // 真实姓名
    private String sex;             // 性别
    private Integer age;         // 年龄
    private String phone;         // 电话
    private Double sal;             // 薪水
    private String state;          // 状态
    
    public Employee() {
        super();
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getLoginname() {
        return loginname;
    }
    public void setLoginname(String loginname) {
        this.loginname = loginname;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
    public Double getSal() {
        return sal;
    }
    public void setSal(Double sal) {
        this.sal = sal;
    }
    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "data [id=" + id + ", loginname=" + loginname
                + ", password=" + password + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex
                + ", age=" + age + ", phone=" + phone + ", sal=" + sal
                + ", state=" + state + "]";
    }
}

 

3.mapper
EmployeeMapper.java

package org.fkit.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.DeleteProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.InsertProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Options;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.SelectProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.UpdateProvider;
import org.fkit.domain.Employee;
public interface EmployeeMapper {
    // 动态查询
    @SelectProvider(type=EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.class,method="selectWhitParam")
    List<Employee> selectWhitParam(Map<String, Object> param);
    
    // 动态插入
    @InsertProvider(type=EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.class,method="insertEmployee")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")  
    int insertEmployee(Employee employee);
    
    // 根据id查询
    @SelectProvider(type=EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.class,method="selectWhitParam")
    Employee selectEmployeeWithId(Map<String, Object> param);
    
    // 动态更新
    @UpdateProvider(type=EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.class,method="updateEmployee")
    void updateEmployee(Employee employee);

    // 动态删除
    @DeleteProvider(type=EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.class,method="deleteEmployee")
    void deleteEmployee(Map<String, Object> param);
}

EmployeeDynaSqlProvider.java

package org.fkit.mapper;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL;
import org.fkit.domain.Employee;
public class EmployeeDynaSqlProvider {
    public String selectWhitParam(Map<String, Object> param){
        return new SQL(){
            {
                SELECT("*");
                FROM("tb_employee");
                if(param.get("id") != null){
                    WHERE(" id = #{id} ");
                }
                if(param.get("loginname") != null){
                    WHERE(" loginname = #{loginname} ");
                }
                if(param.get("password") != null){
                    WHERE("password = #{password}");
                }
                if(param.get("name")!= null){
                    WHERE("name = #{name}");
                }
                if(param.get("sex")!= null){
                    WHERE("sex = #{sex}");
                }
                if(param.get("age")!= null){
                    WHERE("age = #{age}");
                }
                if(param.get("phone")!= null){
                    WHERE("phone = #{phone}");
                }
                if(param.get("sal")!= null){
                    WHERE("sal = #{sal}");
                }
                if(param.get("state")!= null){
                    WHERE("state = #{state}");
                }
                
            }
        }.toString();
    }    
    
    public String insertEmployee(Employee employee){
        
        return new SQL(){
            {
                INSERT_INTO("tb_employee");
                if(employee.getLoginname() != null){
                    VALUES("loginname", "#{loginname}");
                }
                if(employee.getPassword() != null){
                    VALUES("password", "#{password}");
                }
                if(employee.getName()!= null){
                    VALUES("name", "#{name}");
                }
                if(employee.getSex()!= null){
                    VALUES("sex", "#{sex}");
                }
                if(employee.getAge()!= null){
                    VALUES("age", "#{age}");
                }
                if(employee.getPhone()!= null){
                    VALUES("phone", "#{phone}");
                }
                if(employee.getSal()!= null){
                    VALUES("sal", "#{sal}");
                }
                if(employee.getState()!= null){
                    VALUES("state", "#{state}");
                }
            }
        }.toString();
    }
    
    public String updateEmployee(Employee employee){
        
        return new SQL(){
            {
                UPDATE("tb_employee");
                if(employee.getLoginname() != null){
                    SET("loginname = #{loginname}");
                }
                if(employee.getPassword() != null){
                    SET("password = #{password}");
                }
                if(employee.getName()!= null){
                    SET("name = #{name}");
                }
                if(employee.getSex()!= null){
                    SET("sex = #{sex}");
                }
                if(employee.getAge()!= null){
                    SET("age = #{age}");
                }
                if(employee.getPhone()!= null){
                    SET("phone = #{phone}");
                }
                if(employee.getSal()!= null){
                    SET("sal = #{sal}");
                }
                if(employee.getState()!= null){
                    SET("state = #{state}");
                }
                WHERE(" id = #{id} ");
            }
        }.toString();
    }
    
    public String deleteEmployee(Map<String, Object> param){
        
        return new SQL(){
            {
                DELETE_FROM("tb_employee");
                if(param.get("id") != null){
                    WHERE(" id = #{id} ");
                }
                if(param.get("loginname") != null){
                    WHERE(" loginname = #{loginname} ");
                }
                if(param.get("password") != null){
                    WHERE("password = #{password}");
                }
                if(param.get("name")!= null){
                    WHERE("name = #{name}");
                }
                if(param.get("sex")!= null){
                    WHERE("sex = #{sex}");
                }
                if(param.get("age")!= null){
                    WHERE("age = #{age}");
                }
                if(param.get("phone")!= null){
                    WHERE("phone = #{phone}");
                }
                if(param.get("sal")!= null){
                    WHERE("sal = #{sal}");
                }
                if(param.get("state")!= null){
                    WHERE("state = #{state}");
                }
            }
        }.toString();
    }
}

 

4.mybatis-config.xml

db.properties

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis
username=root
password=root

log4j.properties

# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout
# MyBatis logging configuration...
log4j.logger.org.fkit.mapper.EmployeeMapper=DEBUG
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
  <!--  XML 配置文件包含对 MyBatis 系统的核心设置 -->
<configuration>
    <properties resource="db.properties"/>
    <!-- 指定 MyBatis 所用日志的具体实现 -->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
        <!-- 要使延迟加载生效必须配置下面两个属性 -->
        <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
        <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"/>
    </settings>
    <environments default="mysql">
    <!-- 环境配置,即连接的数据库。 -->
    <environment id="mysql">
    <!--  指定事务管理类型,type="JDBC"指直接简单使用了JDBC的提交和回滚设置 -->
      <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
      <!--  dataSource指数据源配置,POOLED是JDBC连接对象的数据源连接池的实现。 -->
      <dataSource type="POOLED">
        <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
      </dataSource>
    </environment>
  </environments>
  <!-- mappers告诉了MyBatis去哪里找持久化类的映射文件 -->
  <mappers>
      <mapper class="org.fkit.mapper.EmployeeMapper"/> 
  </mappers>
</configuration>

5.测试

FKSqlSessionFactory.java

package org.fkit.factory;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class FKSqlSessionFactory {
    
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
    
    // 初始化创建SqlSessionFactory对象
    static{
        try {
            // 读取mybatis-config.xml文件
            InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder()
                    .build(inputStream);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    // 获取SqlSession对象的静态方法
    public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }

    // 获取SqlSessionFactory的静态方法
    public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() {
        return sqlSessionFactory;
    }

}

DynamicSQLTest.java

package org.fkit.test;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.fkit.domain.Employee;
import org.fkit.factory.FKSqlSessionFactory;
import org.fkit.mapper.EmployeeMapper;


public class DynamicSQLTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        // 创建Session实例
        SqlSession session = FKSqlSessionFactory.getSqlSession();
        
        DynamicSQLTest t = new DynamicSQLTest();
        // 获取EmployeeMapper对象
        EmployeeMapper em = session.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class);
        
//        t.testSelectWhitParam(em);
        
//        t.testInsertEmployee(em);
        
//        t.testUpdateEmployee(em);
        
        t.testDeleteEmployee(em);
        
        // 提交事务
        session.commit();
        // 关闭Session
        session.close();
    }
    
    // 根据动态参数查询员工数据
    public void testSelectWhitParam(EmployeeMapper em){
        // 使用Map装载参数
        Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        param.put("loginname", "jack");
        param.put("password", "123456");
        // 调用selectWhitParam方法
        List<Employee> list = em.selectWhitParam(param);
        // 查看返回结果
        System.out.println(list);
    }
    
    // 根据设置的属性动态插入数据
    public void testInsertEmployee(EmployeeMapper em){
        
        Employee e = new Employee();
        e.setLoginname("mary");
        e.setPassword("123456");
        e.setName("玛丽");
        e.setSex("女");
        e.setAge(20);
        e.setPhone("13902019999");
        e.setSal(9800.99);
        // 注意:没有设置state属性,则insert语句中不会包含state列
        // e.setState("ACTIVE");
        em.insertEmployee(e);
        
        System.out.println("插入成功,返回id:" + e.getId());

    }
    
    // 根据设置的属性动态更新数据
    public void testUpdateEmployee(EmployeeMapper em){
        // 使用Map装载参数
        Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        param.put("id", 5);
        // 查询id为1的员工
        Employee e = em.selectEmployeeWithId(param);
        // 修改员工对象的三个属性
        e.setLoginname("update");
        e.setPassword("fkjava");
        e.setName("测试");
        // 动态更新
        em.updateEmployee(e);
    }
    
    // 根据设置的属性动态删除数据
    public void testDeleteEmployee(EmployeeMapper em){
        // 使用Map装载参数
        Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        param.put("loginname", "jack");
        param.put("password", "123456");
        // 动态删除
        em.deleteEmployee(param);
    }
}

结果:

DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: SELECT * FROM tb_employee WHERE ( loginname = ? AND password = ?) 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: jack(String), 123456(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
[data [id=1, loginname=jack, password=123456, name=杰克, sex=男, age=30, phone=15012345678, sal=5000.0, state=1]]