java RSA私钥加密解密

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AIGC创想家 2024-12-15 21:01:13

文章标签 java RSA私钥加密解密 RSA BASE64 RSAUtils 加解密算法 文章分类 Java 后端开发

1.RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。在公开密钥加密和电子商业中RSA被广泛使用。RSA公开密钥密码体制。所谓的公开密钥密码体制就是使用不同的加密密钥与解密密钥，是一种“由已知加密密钥推导出解密密钥在计算上是不可行的”密码体制。在公开密钥密码体制中，加密密钥（即公开密钥）PK是公开信息，而解密密钥（即秘密密钥）SK是需要保密的。加密算法E和解密算法D也都是公开的。虽然解密密钥SK是由公开密钥PK决定的，但却不能根据PK计算出SK。

2.本工具类涉及到BASE64编码，所以先展示出BASE64Utils:

package com.example.springboottest.common.util;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

/**
 * BASE64的加解密
 * @author Neo
 * @date 2018-4-15 22:21:51
 *
 */
@SuppressWarnings("restriction")
public class Base64Utils {   
    public static final String KEY_SHA = "SHA";   
    public static final String KEY_MD5 = "MD5";   
  
    /**  
     * BASE64解密  
     *   
     * @param key  
     * @return  
     * @throws Exception  
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {   
        return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);   
    }   
  
    /**  
     * BASE64加密  
     *   
     * @param key  
     * @return  
     * @throws Exception  
     */  
    public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {   
        return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);   
    }   
  
    /**  
     * MD5加密  
     *   
     * @param data  
     * @return  
     * @throws Exception  
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {   
  
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);   
        md5.update(data);   
  
        return md5.digest();   
  
    }   
  
    /**  
     * SHA加密  
     *   
     * @param data  
     * @return  
     * @throws Exception  
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptSHA(byte[] data) throws Exception {   
  
        MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_SHA);   
        sha.update(data);   
  
        return sha.digest();   
  
    }   
}

3.然后我们展示RSAUtils：

package com.example.springboottest.common.util;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * RSA安全编码组件
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @desc 公钥和私钥存放在properties文件的时候每行的末尾加上“\r\n\” <br/>
 * “\r\n” 起到换行的作用,最后的“\”在properties在里表示连接
 * 
 * @author Neo 
 * @date 2018-4-15 22:23:19
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class RSAUtils extends Base64Utils {
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";


    /**
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
     *
     * @param data       加密数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sign(String data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
        return sign(data.getBytes(), privateKey);
    }

    /**
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
     *
     * @param data       加密数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
        // 解密由base64编码的私钥
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

        // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

        // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

        // 取私钥匙对象
        PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
        signature.initSign(priKey);
        signature.update(data);

        return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
    }


    /**
     * 校验数字签名
     *
     * @param data      加密数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @param sign      数字签名
     * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static boolean verify(String data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception {
        return verify(data.getBytes(), publicKey, sign);
    }

    /**
     * 校验数字签名
     *
     * @param data      加密数据
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @param sign      数字签名
     * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception {

        // 解密由base64编码的公钥
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

        // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

        // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

        // 取公钥匙对象
        PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);

        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
        signature.initVerify(pubKey);
        signature.update(data);

        // 验证签名是否正常
        return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
    }


    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decryptByPrivateKey(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        return new String(decryptByPrivateKey(Base64Utils.decryptBASE64(data), key));
    }

    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

        // 取得私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 对数据解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decryptByPublicKey(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        return new String(decryptByPublicKey(Base64Utils.decryptBASE64(data), key));
    }

    /**
     * 解密<br>
     * 用私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

        // 取得公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

        // 对数据解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }


    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用公钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encryptByPublicKey(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        return Base64Utils.encryptBASE64(encryptByPublicKey(data.getBytes(), key));
    }

    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用公钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对公钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

        // 取得公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }


    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用私钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encryptByPrivateKey(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        return Base64Utils.encryptBASE64(encryptByPrivateKey(data.getBytes(), key));
    }

    /**
     * 加密<br>
     * 用私钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {
        // 对密钥解密
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);

        // 取得私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 对数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 取得私钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap) throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * 取得公钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap) throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * 初始化密钥
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);

        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();

        // 公钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

        // 私钥
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
        return keyMap;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.initKey();
            String publicKey = RSAUtils.getPublicKey(map);
            String privateKey = RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(map);
            System.out.println("公钥：" + publicKey);
            System.out.println("私钥：" + privateKey);
            String data = "Java是世界上最好的编程语言";
            String encryptData = RSAUtils.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
            System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptData);
            String decryptData = RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(encryptData, privateKey);
            System.out.println("解密后：" + decryptData);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4.最后展示测试结果：

java RSA私钥加密解密_加解密算法