mac安装npm国内镜像 mac安装nodejs和npm

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网络安全守卫 2024-05-13 08:20:21

文章标签 mac安装npm国内镜像 NodeJS NPM MAC Hexo 文章分类 云原生云计算

前言

最近搭建Hexo，需要安装npm和NodeJS. 遇到一点幺蛾子, 开帖记录下.

NodeJS内包括npm, 所以直接安装npm即可.

NodeJS官网http://nodejs.cn/download/

mac安装npm国内镜像 mac安装nodejs和npm_NPM

dmg安装 (不推荐)

安装
使用dmg安装. 下载安装包直接安装即可. 没有什么技术含量.
需要注意的是安装的位置在何处？
我们前往cd /usr/local/bin/

sh-3.2# cd /usr/local/bin/sh-3.2# ls -lrt
total 82576
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  42276320 10 21 15:53 node
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  admin        38 11  2 15:56 npm -> ../lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  admin        38 11  2 15:56 npx -> ../lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npx-cli.js
lrwxr-xr-x  1 sean  admin        33 11  6 12:06 hexo -> ../lib/node_modules/hexo/bin/hexo

可以看到node/npm/npx. 其中node是二进制文件, npm和npx是软连接.

卸载
删除node/npx/npm和lib/node_modules内的内容即可.

Mac安装NodeJS的默认路径

Other Tips
dmg安装会默认把/usr/local/bin/lib/node_modules当作默认的npm仓库地址. 有时候会导致没有权限的问题. 我在安装hexo的时候就遇到. 没有办法, 只能重装.
操作1 node install -g hexo

SeandeMacBook-Pro:~ sean$ npm install -g hexo
npm WARN checkPermissions Missing write access to /usr/local/lib/node_modules
npm ERR! code EACCES
npm ERR! syscall access
npm ERR! path /usr/local/lib/node_modules
npm ERR! errno -13
npm ERR! Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules'
npm ERR!  [Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules'] {
npm ERR!   stack: "Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules'",
npm ERR!   errno: -13,
npm ERR!   code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR!   syscall: 'access',
npm ERR!   path: '/usr/local/lib/node_modules'
npm ERR! }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! The operation was rejected by your operating system.
npm ERR! It is likely you do not have the permissions to access this file as the current user
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you believe this might be a permissions issue, please double-check the
npm ERR! permissions of the file and its containing directories, or try running
npm ERR! the command again as root/Administrator.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /Users/sean/.npm/_logs/2019-11-06T03_46_31_834Z-debug.log

解决办法: 没有目录权限. 加上`sudo`即可.

【问题与解决】Mac OS通过 npm 安装 React Native 报错（checkPermissions Missing write access to /usr/local/lib/node_modules）

操作2 sudo npm install -g hexo

SeandeMacBook-Pro:~ sean$ sudo  npm install -g hexo
Password:
/usr/local/bin/hexo -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/bin/hexo

> fsevents@1.2.9 install /usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents
> node install

node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download
node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not installable for fsevents@1.2.9 and node@12.13.0 (node-v72 ABI, unknown) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)
node-pre-gyp WARN Hit error EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib'
gyp WARN EACCES current user ("nobody") does not have permission to access the dev dir "/Users/sean/Library/Caches/node-gyp/12.13.0"
gyp WARN EACCES attempting to reinstall using temporary dev dir "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/.node-gyp"
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp ERR! configure error
gyp ERR! stack Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/.node-gyp'
gyp ERR! System Darwin 18.7.0
gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "configure" "--fallback-to-build" "--module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64/fse.node" "--module_name=fse" "--module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64" "--napi_version=5" "--node_abi_napi=napi" "--napi_build_version=0" "--node_napi_label=node-v72"
gyp ERR! cwd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents
gyp ERR! node -v v12.13.0
gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v5.0.5
gyp ERR! not ok
node-pre-gyp ERR! build error
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack Error: Failed to execute '/usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64/fse.node --module_name=fse --module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64 --napi_version=5 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v72' (1)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/node_modules/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js:83:29)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:210:5)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (internal/child_process.js:1021:16)
node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_process.js:283:5)
node-pre-gyp ERR! System Darwin 18.7.0
node-pre-gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/node_modules/node-pre-gyp/bin/node-pre-gyp" "install" "--fallback-to-build"
node-pre-gyp ERR! cwd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents
node-pre-gyp ERR! node -v v12.13.0
node-pre-gyp ERR! node-pre-gyp -v v0.12.0
node-pre-gyp ERR! not ok
Failed to execute '/usr/local/bin/node /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64/fse.node --module_name=fse --module_path=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v72-darwin-x64 --napi_version=5 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v72' (1)
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.9 (node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.9 install: `node install`
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Exit status 1

+ hexo@4.0.0
added 288 packages from 442 contributors in 100.34s

解决办法: 还是因为没有目录权限导致. 更改npm的仓库地址. npm应该是默认在安装目录的. 我这里采用重新安装的办法. 当然也可以把lib/node_modules文件夹放到本地其他地方, 然后更改软连接的方法.

这就是我为什么不推荐使用.dmg安装的原因.

tar.gz安装 (推荐)

安装
下载tar.gz包. 解压tar.gz包. 创建软连接. 配置/etc/profile文件.
具体操作流程如下:

# 1. 前往安装目录
SeandeMacBook-Pro:Software sean$ cd Software/NodeJS/

# 把下载的tar.gz包
# 2. 解压安装包(可以手动解压 / 也可以使用tar.gz命令解压)
# 解压完成
SeandeMacBook-Pro:NodeJS sean$ ls
node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64	node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64.tar.gz
SeandeMacBook-Pro:NodeJS sean$ pwd
/Users/sean/Software/NodeJS

# 创建软连接
SeandeMacBook-Pro:NodeJS sean$ ln -s /Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64 /Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/current

# 在/etc/profile文件末尾加入如下
# NodeJS 20191104
export NodeJS_HOME=/Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/current
export PATH=.:$PATH::$NodeJS_HOME/bin

验证

# npm
SeandeMacBook-Pro:bin sean$ npm

Usage: npm <command>

where <command> is one of:
    access, adduser, audit, bin, bugs, c, cache, ci, cit,
    clean-install, clean-install-test, completion, config,
    create, ddp, dedupe, deprecate, dist-tag, docs, doctor,
    edit, explore, get, help, help-search, hook, i, init,
    install, install-ci-test, install-test, it, link, list, ln,
    login, logout, ls, org, outdated, owner, pack, ping, prefix,
    profile, prune, publish, rb, rebuild, repo, restart, root,
    run, run-script, s, se, search, set, shrinkwrap, star,
    stars, start, stop, t, team, test, token, tst, un,
    uninstall, unpublish, unstar, up, update, v, version, view,
    whoami

npm <command> -h  quick help on <command>
npm -l            display full usage info
npm help <term>   search for help on <term>
npm help npm      involved overview

Specify configs in the ini-formatted file:
    /Users/sean/.npmrc
or on the command line via: npm <command> --key value
Config info can be viewed via: npm help config

npm@6.12.0 /Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64/lib/node_modules/npm

# node
SeandeMacBook-Pro:bin sean$ node
Welcome to Node.js v12.13.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> .exit

Other Tips
我们可以查看下NodeJS提供了哪些命令？通过./bin目录下查看可以知道, 和dmg安装一致. (npm/npx/node)

SeandeMacBook-Pro:bin sean$ pwd
/Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/current/bin
SeandeMacBook-Pro:bin sean$ ls
hexo	node	npm	npx

OK. 我们重新安装hexo测试测试.

SeandeMacBook-Pro:bin sean$ npm install -g hexo
/Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64/bin/hexo -> /Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64/lib/node_modules/hexo/bin/hexo

> fsevents@1.2.9 install /Users/sean/Software/NodeJS/node-v12.13.0-darwin-x64/lib/node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents
> node install

sh: node: command not found
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.9 (node_modules/hexo/node_modules/nunjucks/node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@1.2.9 install: `node install`
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: spawn ENOENT

+ hexo@4.0.0
added 288 packages from 442 contributors in 148.64s

安装成功.

brew 安装(不推荐)

brew install -g node
brew uninstall node

brew 安装目录 /usr/local/Cellar
brew 配置目录 /usr/local/etc
brew 命令目录 /usr/local/bin

brew安装的文件有一个缺陷. 那就是基本新版的brew无法指定版本, 默认认为最新版.

Reference: brew 下安装node 和 npm

Others - npm相关命令 / 更改npm仓库源

npm相关命令.

npm -v : 查看版本.
npm install XXX: 安装某些框架. Ex. npm install jquery .
npm info jquery : 查看包的详细信息.
npm view jquery versions: 查看一个包存在的所有版本号.
npm view jquery version: 查看指定包当前的最新版本.
npm install jquery@3.4.1: 下载指定版本的包.
npm list: 查看项目安装了哪些包.
npm install jquery --save/ npm i jquery -S ：–save 表示在 package.json 文件中（dependencies）记录下载包的版本信息.
npm install jquery --save-dev / npm i jquery -D :下载开发依赖包，上一条命令是下载生产依赖包(这里就不讲开发依赖和生产依赖的区别).
npm root -g: 查看全局安装包的存放位置
npm audit fix: 包的修复，一般是包的更新
npm ls jquery: 查看当前安装包的版本
更改npm仓库地址
因为国区有时候无法下载某些.js包, 所以需要更改js仓库地址.

//设置淘宝源
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

//设置本地源
npm config set registry http://127.0.0.1:4873

//查看源，可以看到设置过的所有的源
npm config get registry

此外, 还可以安装cnpm替代npm. 但是cnpm不会更改仓库源. 需要手动更改.

// 安装cnpm命令,不会改变npm的源
npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

//使用
cnpm install

同时, 你还可以通过更改~/.npmrc来更改npm仓库地址.(没有文件创建)

registry = https://registry.npm.taobao.org

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