背景
在开发博客系统的时候,遇到了一个技术难点,就是如何实现用户对博客的评论和回复功能?
尝试了很多套方案,最后还是采用了Java的链表结构来查询处理评论回复。
博客如何实现评论回复功能
数据库设计
这里主要展示有关评论和回复的核心数据库设计:
Blog(博客表)
User(用户表)
Observe评论表
数据库设计概要
- 博客表主要用于id和评论表的
blog_id
关联,用于表示这条评论是和哪篇博客相关联的。 - 用户表主要用于id和评论表的observer_id关联,用于表示这条评论和哪个用户相关联。
- 博客表和用户表不是关键性内容,只用了解其id和评论表有关联即可。
- 关键点在于评论表设计的
last_id
字段
- 如果
last_id
为null
,说明此条评论为一级评论(直接评论这篇博客) - 如果
last_id
不为null
,其值代表回复哪条评论(上一级评论的id)
依据这样的last_id
设计,可完美实现一条链状的评论(多级评论回复)。通过last_id我们就能找到这条回复是回复的哪条评论。
java实现评论的查询
存储
对于存储结构,使用链表。通过链表,我们可以一步步找到最后一条评论。因为一条评论可能存在多人回复(同级评论或者回复有多条),所以我们采用List存储下一个对象(下一级评论回复)。
查询
- 先查询
last_id
为null
的情况,即所有的一级评论集合。 - 然后查询
last_id
不为null
的情况,即所有非一级评论集合(为评论的回复)。 - 通过
last_id
找到对应的评论、回复,添加到链表中。
具体实现
数据库查询主要用的是mybatis的通用mapper
主要演示查询的实现,增删改都比较简单,暂略。
评论的实体类
@Entity
@Data
@Table(name="observe")
public class Observe implements Serializable {
/** 评论id */
@Id
@Column(name = "id")
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@NotNull(groups = UpdateGroup.class,message = "修改评论信息,id不可以空")
private Long id;
/** 所属博客id */
@Column(name="blog_id")
@NotNull(message = "所属博客id不能为空")
private Long blogId;
/** 评论者id */
@Column(name="observer_id")
@NotNull(groups = UpdateGroup.class,message = "评论者id不能为空")
private Long observerId;
/** 评论内容 */
@Column(name="observe_content")
@NotBlank(message = "评论内容不能为空")
private String observeContent;
/** 评论上一级的id */
@Column(name="last_id")
private Long lastId;
/** 是否删除 */
@Column(name="is_delete")
private Boolean delete;
/** 创建时间(评论时间) */
@Column(name="create_date")
@JSONField(format="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
private Timestamp createDate;
/** 修改删除 */
@Column(name="update_date")
@JSONField(format="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
private Timestamp updateDate;
public interface UpdateGroup {
}
}
评论的链表结构
继承评论的实体类
/**
* 功能描述:封装博客评论的BO <br>
* 采用链表结构实现
**/
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class ObserveNodeBO extends Observe {
/**
* 评论的用户信息
*/
private User user;
/**
* 下一条回复
*/
private List<ObserveNodeBO> nextNodes = new ArrayList<>();
public ObserveNodeBO ( ObserveNodeBO observeNodeBo ) {
super();
setId(observeNodeBo.getId());
setBlogId(observeNodeBo.getBlogId());
setObserverId(observeNodeBo.getObserverId());
setObserveContent(observeNodeBo.getObserveContent());
setLastId(observeNodeBo.getLastId());
setDelete(observeNodeBo.getDelete());
setCreateDate(observeNodeBo.getCreateDate());
setUpdateDate(observeNodeBo.getUpdateDate());
this.user = observeNodeBo.getUser();
}
}
评论的mapper(数据库操作)
评论与用户之间是一对一的关系,所以这里使用mybatis的注解实现一对一关联。
/**
* 功能描述: 自定义的mapper
* ‘@RegisterMapper’ 使自定义的mapper可以被扫描到
**/
@RegisterMapper
public interface CommentMapper<T> extends Mapper<T>, IdListMapper<T, Long>, InsertListMapper<T> {
}
@Component
public interface ObserveMapper extends CommentMapper<Observe> {
/**
* 功能描述:根据博客id和lastId为空,查询所有的一级评论信息集合
* @param blogId 博客id
* @return 一级评论信息集合
* @author RenShiWei
* Date: 2020/4/16 10:37
*/
@Select("SELECT * FROM observe o LEFT JOIN user u " +
"ON o.observer_id=u.id " +
"WHERE o.blog_id=#{blogId} AND o.last_id is null")
@Results({
@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "blog_id", property = "blogId"),
@Result(column = "observer_id", property = "observerId"),
@Result(column = "observe_content", property = "observeContent"),
@Result(column = "observer_id", property = "user",
one = @One(select = "com.blog.module.business.mapper.UserMapper.queryUserForObserve",
fetchType = FetchType.EAGER)),
@Result(column = "last_id", property = "lastId"),
@Result(column = "is_delete", property = "delete"),
@Result(column = "create_date", property = "createDate"),
@Result(column = "update_date", property = "updateDate")
})
List<ObserveNodeBO> queryFirstObserveList (@Param("blogId") Long blogId );
/**
* 功能描述:根据博客id和lastId不为空,查询所有的二级评论信息集合
* @param blogId 博客id
* @return 二级评论信息集合
* @author RenShiWei
* Date: 2020/4/16 10:37
*/
@Select("SELECT * FROM observe o LEFT JOIN user u " +
"ON o.observer_id=u.id " +
"WHERE o.blog_id=#{blogId} AND o.last_id is not null")
@Results({
@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "blog_id", property = "blogId"),
@Result(column = "observer_id", property = "observerId"),
@Result(column = "observe_content", property = "observeContent"),
@Result(column = "observer_id", property = "user",
one = @One(select = "com.blog.module.business.mapper.UserMapper.queryUserForObserve",
fetchType = FetchType.EAGER)),
@Result(column = "last_id", property = "lastId"),
@Result(column = "is_delete", property = "delete"),
@Result(column = "create_date", property = "createDate"),
@Result(column = "update_date", property = "updateDate")
})
List<ObserveNodeBO> querySecondObserveList (@Param("blogId") Long blogId );
}
@Component
public interface UserMapper extends CommentMapper<User> {
/**
* 功能描述:根据主键id查询用户信息
* (在observe中一对一关系使用)
*
* @param id 用户id
* @return 用户信息
* @author RenShiWei
* Date: 2020/4/16 10:43
*/
@Select("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}")
@Results({
@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "create_date", property = "createDate"),
@Result(column = "last_id", property = "lastId"),
@Result(column = "is_delete", property = "delete"),
@Result(column = "update_date", property = "updateDate")
})
User queryUserForObserve (@Param("id") Long id );
}
评论的业务逻辑实现
public interface ObserveService {
/**
* 功能描述:根据博客id,查询此博客的所有评论信息
* @param blogId 博客id
* @return 博客的评论信息
*/
List<ObserveNodeBO> queryObserveByBlogId( Long blogId);
/**
* 功能描述:根据评论id查询用户信息
* @param observeId 评论id
* @return 评论信息,携带用户信息
*/
ObserveUserBo queryObserveUserById(Long observeId);
}
@Service
public class ObserveServiceImpl implements ObserveService {
@Autowired
private ObserveMapper observeMapper;
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Autowired
private BlogMapper blogMapper;
/**
* 功能描述:根据博客id,查询此博客的所有评论信息
*
* @param blogId 博客id
* @return 博客的评论信息
*/
@Override
public List<ObserveNodeBO> queryObserveByBlogId ( Long blogId ) {
//所有未处理的一级评论集合
List<ObserveNodeBO> firstObserveList = observeMapper.queryFirstObserveList(blogId);
//所有未处理的二级评论集合
List<ObserveNodeBO> secondObserveList = observeMapper.querySecondObserveList(blogId);
//将二级评论用链表的方式添加到一级评论
List<ObserveNodeBO> list = addAllNode(firstObserveList, secondObserveList);
//控制台打印评论回复
show(list);
//返回处理后的评论信息
return list;
}
/**
* 功能描述:根据评论id查询用户信息
*
* @param observeId 评论id
* @return 评论信息,携带用户信息
*/
@Override
public ObserveUserBo queryObserveUserById ( Long observeId ) {
Observe observe = observeMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(observeId);
User user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(observe.getObserverId());
ObserveUserBo observeUserBo = new ObserveUserBo();
observeUserBo.setObserve(observe);
observeUserBo.setUser(user);
return observeUserBo;
}
/**
* 功能描述:将单个node添加到链表中
*
* @param firstList 第一层评论集合(链表)
* @param observeNode 非第一层评论的回复信息
* @return 是否添加
*/
private boolean addNode ( List<ObserveNodeBO> firstList, ObserveNodeBO observeNode ) {
//循环添加
for (ObserveNodeBO node : firstList) {
//判断留言的上一段是否是这条留言(判断这条回复,是否是当前评论的回复)
if (node.getId().equals(observeNode.getLastId())) {
//是,添加,返回true
node.getNextNodes().add(observeNode);
return true;
} else {
//否则递归继续判断
if (node.getNextNodes().size() != 0) {
if (addNode(node.getNextNodes(), observeNode)) {
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 功能描述:将查出来的lastId不为null的回复都添加到第一层Node集合中
*
* @param firstList 第一层评论集合(链表)
* @param thenList 非第一层评论集合(链表)
* @return 所有评论集合(非第一层评论集合对应添加到第一层评论集合,返回)
*/
private List<ObserveNodeBO> addAllNode ( List<ObserveNodeBO> firstList, List<ObserveNodeBO> thenList ) {
while (thenList.size() != 0) {
int size = thenList.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (addNode(firstList, new ObserveNodeBO(thenList.get(i)))) {
thenList.remove(i);
i--;
size--;
}
}
}
return firstList;
}
/**
* 功能描述:打印评论的链表回复信息
*
* @param list 评论信息(链表集合)
*/
private void show ( List<ObserveNodeBO> list ) {
for (ObserveNodeBO node : list) {
System.out.println(node.getObserverId() + " 用户回复了" + node.getLastId() + ":" + node.getObserveContent());
//递归打印回复信息
if (node.getNextNodes().size() != 0) {
show(node.getNextNodes());
}
}
}
}
评论的接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/observe")
public class ObserveController {
@Autowired
private ObserveService observeService;
/**
* 功能描述:根据博客id,查询此博客的所有评论信息(链表类型的数据)
* @param blogId 博客id
* @return 博客的评论信息
*/
@GetMapping("/{blogId}")
public ResponseEntity<List<ObserveNodeBO>> queryObserveByBlogId (
@ApiParam(name = "blogId", value = "博客id", required = true) @PathVariable Long blogId
) {
return ResponseEntity.ok(observeService.queryObserveByBlogId(blogId));
}
/**
* 功能描述:根据评论id查询用户信息(评论信息,携带用户信息)
* @param observeId 评论id
* @return 评论信息,携带用户信息
*/
@GetMapping("/user/{observeId}")
public ResponseEntity<ObserveUserBo> queryObserveUserById (
@ApiParam(name = "observeId", value = "评论id", required = true)@PathVariable Long observeId
) {
return ResponseEntity.ok(observeService.queryObserveUserById(observeId));
}
}
查询评论的实例
数据库数据
博客id为29的所有评论信息
查询后回显的数据
[
{
"id": 27,
"blogId": 29,
"observerId": 63,
"observeContent": "你好",
"lastId": null,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:01:24",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:01:24",
"user": {
"id": 63,
"nickname": "焦前进",
"email": "123456789@qq.com",
"picture": "https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/e/5d/4a731a90594a4af544c0c25941171jpeg.jpeg",
"identity": 0,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:01:24",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:01:24",
"account": null,
"password": null
},
"nextNodes": []
},
{
"id": 28,
"blogId": 29,
"observerId": 64,
"observeContent": "你也好啊",
"lastId": null,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:19:16",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:19:16",
"user": {
"id": 64,
"nickname": "末",
"email": "1542890862@qq.com",
"picture": "https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/e/5d/4a731a90594a4af544c0c25941171jpeg.jpeg",
"identity": 0,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:19:16",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:19:16",
"account": null,
"password": null
},
"nextNodes": [
{
"id": 29,
"blogId": 29,
"observerId": 65,
"observeContent": "大家好",
"lastId": 28,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:20:25",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:20:25",
"user": {
"id": 65,
"nickname": "小黑",
"email": "1542890862@qq.com",
"picture": "https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/8/27/f01c15bb73e1ef3793e64e6b7bbccjpeg.jpeg",
"identity": 0,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:20:25",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:20:25",
"account": null,
"password": null
},
"nextNodes": [
{
"id": 30,
"blogId": 29,
"observerId": 66,
"observeContent": "我喜欢小黑",
"lastId": 29,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:21:39",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:21:39",
"user": {
"id": 66,
"nickname": "小白",
"email": "1542890862@qq.com",
"picture": "https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/1/8e/aeffeb4de74e2fde4bd74fc7b4486jpeg.jpeg",
"identity": 0,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:21:39",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:21:39",
"account": null,
"password": null
},
"nextNodes": [
{
"id": 31,
"blogId": 29,
"observerId": 67,
"observeContent": "ddd",
"lastId": 30,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:23:54",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:23:54",
"user": {
"id": 67,
"nickname": "小黄",
"email": "1542890862@qq.com",
"picture": "https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/e/5d/4a731a90594a4af544c0c25941171jpeg.jpeg",
"identity": 0,
"delete": false,
"createDate": "2020-05-13 12:23:54",
"updateDate": "2020-05-13 12:23:54",
"account": null,
"password": null
},
"nextNodes": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
Element UI树形控件实现评论信息的回显
这里使用的普通H5项目引入Element UI,如果是vue-cli项目更为方便,原理都是相通的。
引入依赖的目录结构(当然也可以使用CDN的方式引入)
关于Element UI引入,资源已经上传,可在文章顶部下载。
HTML(只保留关键部分)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>博客详情</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/element/element-ui-index.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/blog-detail.css"/>
<script src="../plugins/jquery/jquery-3.5.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="../plugins/jquery/jquery.cookie-1.4.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="../plugins/vue/vue-2.6.11.js"></script>
<script src="../plugins/element/element-ui-index.js"></script>
<script src="../js/blog-detail.js"></script>
</head>
<div class="content">
<!--正文-->
<section>
<div id="blog-detail">
<!-- 展示已有评论 -->
<div class="look-observe">
<el-tree
ref="tree"
:data="observes"
:props="defaultProps"
>
<div class="custom-tree-node" slot-scope="{ node, data }">
<div class="observe-top">
<img :src="data.user.picture" alt="头像" class="observe-header-img">
<span class="observe-nickname">{{data.user.nickname}}</span>
<span class="observe-user" v-text="data.lastId==null?'回复了博主':'回复了你'"></span>
<el-tag class="observe-tag" @click="getLastId(data)" round size="mini">回复</el-tag>
<span class="observe-date">{{data.createDate}}</span>
</div>
<p class="observe-content">{{data.observeContent}}</p>
</div>
</el-tree>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
CSS
/*评论显示*/
.look-observe {
padding: 2rem 2rem;
background-color: #ffffff;
}
#observe-title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
}
#my-observe-user {
font-size: 1.6rem;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 1rem 0;
}
#clear-observe-tag {
width: 10rem;
height: 3rem;
padding: 0.5rem;
cursor: pointer;
text-align: center;
margin-left: 85%;
}
#my-observe-user-content {
font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.custom-tree-node {
width: 100%;
}
.el-tree-node__content {
height: 8rem;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
border-radius: 1rem;
border: 0.1rem solid #eee;
}
.observe-content {
font-size: 1.4rem;
margin: 1rem 0;
}
.observe-top {
line-height: 3rem;
height: 3rem;
}
.observe-top span {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.observe-header-img {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
height: 3rem;
width: 3rem;
border-radius: 3rem;
}
.observe-nickname {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.5rem;
margin: 0 1rem;
}
.observe-user {
margin: 0 1rem;
font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.observe-date {
float: right;
margin-right: 2rem;
}
.observe-tag {
float: right;
}
JS
$(document).ready(function () {
//侧边栏的vue
let blogDetail = new Vue({
el: '#blog-detail',
data: {
blogId: '', //博客id
lastId: '', //评论的lastId
observes: [], //已经评论的集合
defaultProps: {
children: 'nextNodes',
label: 'observeContent',
id: 'id',
},
},
methods: {
//查询此篇博客的所有评论信息
getBlogObserve() {
$.get(baseUrl + "/api/observe/" + this.blogId,
function (data, status, xhr) {
blogDetail.observes = data;
}, "json").fail(function (error) {
blogDetail.$message({
showClose: true,
message: "查询博客评论失败" + error.responseJSON.message,
type: 'error'
});
});
},
//进入博客详情页,博客的浏览量+1
increaseViewCount() {
if ($.cookie("viewId") !== this.blogId) {
$.ajax({
url: baseUrl + "/api/blog/increase-view-number/" + this.blogId,
dataType: "text",
type: "put",
success: function (data, status, xhr) {
//设置过期时间为1h
let date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
$.cookie("viewId", blogDetail.blogId, {"path": "/",}, {expires: date});
},
error: function (error) {
blogDetail.$message({
showClose: true,
message: error.responseJSON.message,
type: 'error'
});
}
});
}
},
//点击点赞,增加博客的点赞量
increaseLikeCount() {
if ($.cookie("likeId") !== this.blogId) {
$.ajax({
url: baseUrl + "/api/blog/increase-like-number/" + this.blogId,
dataType: "text",
type: "put",
success: function (data, status, xhr) {
//设置过期时间为1h
let date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
$.cookie("likeId", blogDetail.blogId, {"path": "/",}, {expires: date});
},
error: function (error) { //请求失败后的回调方法
blogDetail.$message({
showClose: true,
message: error.responseJSON.message,
type: 'error'
});
}
});
}else{
blogDetail.$message({
showClose: true,
message: "您已经点过赞啦!",
type: 'success'
});
}
},
},
mounted() {
this.getBlogObserve();
},
created() {
//获取博客的id,利用的是导航栏拼接,这里可忽略
this.blogId = window.location.search.substr(1);
}
});
});
博客的访问量和点赞量是利用cookie存储对应的博客id来实现的,如果有次cookie则不能增加浏览量和点赞量,当然也还存在很多的bug,这个访问量和点赞量只能在一定程度上解决问题,并不完善(浏览和点赞的后端实现暂略,不是重点)。
关键
利用Element UI实现评论回显的关键代码如下:
<el-tree
ref="tree"
:data="observes"
:props="defaultProps"
>
<div class="custom-tree-node" slot-scope="{ node, data }">
<div class="observe-top">
<img :src="data.user.picture" alt="头像" class="observe-header-img">
<span class="observe-nickname">{{data.user.nickname}}</span>
<span class="observe-user" v-text="data.lastId==null?'回复了博主':'回复了你'"></span>
<el-tag class="observe-tag" @click="getLastId(data)" round size="mini">回复</el-tag>
<span class="observe-date">{{data.createDate}}</span>
</div>
<p class="observe-content">{{data.observeContent}}</p>
</div>
</el-tree>
-
:data="observes"
是评论信息集合,及需要展示在属性控件的数据 -
:props="defaultProps"
主要用于配置每个节点的选项 -
slot-scope
是树形控件的插槽
详细的树形控件API可参看官网:https://element.eleme.cn/#/zh-CN/component/tree
回显数据实例展示
多级评论回复层级结构非常鲜明