英文安装文档 比较清晰,不过为了以防万一还是记录一下。

1、安装 openldap openldap-servers

[root@yl08 tools]# yum install openldap openldap-servers -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
Package openldap-2.4.44-25.el7_9.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openldap-servers.x86_64 0:2.4.44-25.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.7()(64bit) for package: openldap-servers-2.4.44-25.el7_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

2、安装OpenLDAP Client

[root@yl08 tools]# yum install openldap-clients -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openldap-clients.x86_64 0:2.4.44-25.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

3、启动ldap服务,需要注意的是Ldap服务的名称是:slapd 

[root@yl08 tools]# systemctl enable slapd
[root@yl08 tools]# systemctl start slapd
[root@yl08 tools]# systemctl status slapd
● slapd.service - OpenLDAP Server Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/slapd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-09-30 11:31:17 HKT; 5s ago
     Docs: man:slapd
           man:slapd-config
           man:slapd-hdb
           man:slapd-mdb
           file:///usr/share/doc/openldap-servers/guide.html
  Process: 9049 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ${SLAPD_URLS} $SLAPD_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9034 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/openldap/check-config.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9051 (slapd)

4、修改管理员密码

4.1、生成openldap的管理密码,注意只是生成还没有生效

[root@yl08 tools]# slappasswd
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
{SSHA}YvElk0m4ZVg2JYYJshXv6cVcYfzC6K8f

   4.2、编写ldif文件(填入上面生成的ssha为olcRootPW密码)

[root@yl08 ldap]# vi a.ldif
dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcRootPW
olcRootPW:{SSHA}YvElk0m4ZVg2JYYJshXv6cVcYfzC6K8f #填入上面生成的ssha

 4.3、使ldif文件生效

这里要特殊说明一下,ldap的所有变更都是通过ldif文件来修改的,不要修改任何OpenLDAP装好的配置文件,可能会有不必要的麻烦

那么如何让他生效呢

[root@yl08 ldap]#  ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f a.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0
modifying entry "olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config"
ldap_modify: Constraint violation (19)
	additional info: <olcRootPW> extra cruft after <password>

其中 -Y 指定用于身份验证的 SASL 机制

-H  指定uri来代替ldap server ,只允许填写protocol/host/port

-f 指定文件中读取修改信息

5、配置LDAP数据库

[root@yl08 ldap]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
[root@yl08 ldap]# vi /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG 
[root@yl08 ldap]# chown -R ldap:ldap /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
[root@yl08 ldap]# systemctl restart slapd

导入一些基础的预设scheme:

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0
adding new entry "cn=cosine,cn=schema,cn=config"

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0
adding new entry "cn=nis,cn=schema,cn=config"

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0
adding new entry "cn=inetorgperson,cn=schema,cn=config"

6、配置openldap的配置

[root@yl08 ldap]# cat chdomain.ldif 


# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section
# specify the password generated above for "olcRootPW" section
dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth"
  read by dn.base="cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn" read by * none

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcSuffix
olcSuffix: dc=light,dc=cn

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcRootDN
olcRootDN: cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn

#dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
#changetype: modify
#add: olcRootPW
#olcRootPW: {SSHA}YvElk0m4ZVg2JYYJshXv6cVcYfzC6K8f

dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
#add: olcAccess
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange by
  dn="cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
olcAccess: {1}to dn.base="" by * read
olcAccess: {2}to * by dn="cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn" write by * read

这一段大家是不是有种云里雾里的感觉,大家可以看一下如下这个目录内容

[root@yl08 cn=config]# pwd
/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config
[root@yl08 cn=config]# 
[root@yl08 cn=config]# ls
cn=schema  cn=schema.ldif  olcDatabase={0}config.ldif  olcDatabase={-1}frontend.ldif  olcDatabase={1}monitor.ldif  olcDatabase={2}hdb.ldif

是不是一下子顿悟了,没错,dn就是指的这里面的文件名,changetype:操作类型modify

replace|add 等是添加文件里的key,下边是具体内容

然后导入文件即可

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chdomain.ldif 
SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started
SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth
SASL SSF: 0
modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

7、创建基础domain条目的ldif(该段本身并不适用,只是创建组织架构)

7.1、编写基础的domain条目的ldif,加组织架构啦

[root@yl08 ldap]# cat basedomain.ldif 
# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section
dn: dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: light cn
dc: light

dn: cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: service
description: Service Account

dn: ou=product,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: product

dn: ou=server,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: server

dn: ou=client,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: client

dn: ou=art,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: art

dn: ou=qa,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: qa

centos freepbx部署 centos部署openldap_centos freepbx部署

上图为从其它网站copy过来的ldap目录树,要了解上面这些内容,首先要知道一些ldap的基础设定。

1、entry(条目):上图的所有节点都可称为一个entry

2、dn(Distinguished Name,意为识别名),它表示条目在目录树中从根出发的绝对路径,是条目的唯一标识。可以跟 UNIX 文件系统中文件或目录的完整路径做类比。例如:4.1 的图中右下角的条目的 DN 是 cn=group1,dc=zenandidi,dc=com

3、rdn(Relative Distinguished Name, RDN),相对识别名就是识别名第一个逗号左侧的内容。

可以跟 UNIX 文件系统中文件或目录名做类比。例如:4.1 的图中右下角的条目的 RDN 是 cn=group1

4、CN=Common Name 为用户名或服务器名,最长可以到80个字符,可以为中文;

5、OU=Organization Unit为组织单元,最多可以有四级,每级最长32个字符,可以为中文;

6、O=Organization 为组织名,可以3—64个字符长

7、C=Country为国家名,可选,为2个字符长

8、DC (Domain Component)

7.2、导入基础的domain条目文件

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapadd -x -D cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn -W -f basedomain.ldif 
Enter LDAP Password: 
adding new entry "dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "ou=product,dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "ou=server,dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "ou=client,dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "ou=art,dc=light,dc=cn"

adding new entry "ou=qa,dc=light,dc=cn"

 这里要输的密码是ldap的数据库密码,也就是第二个密码

7.3、验证是否正常

[root@yl08 ldap]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=light,dc=cn" -H ldap://127.0.0.1
# extended LDIF
#
# LDAPv3
# base <dc=light,dc=cn> with scope subtree
# filter: (objectclass=*)
# requesting: ALL
#

# light.cn
dn: dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectClass: organization
o: light cn
dc: light

# service, light.cn
dn: cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: service
description: Service Account

# product, light.cn
dn: ou=product,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: product

# server, light.cn
dn: ou=server,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: server

# client, light.cn
dn: ou=client,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: client

# art, light.cn
dn: ou=art,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: art

# qa, light.cn
dn: ou=qa,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: qa

# search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success

# numResponses: 8
# numEntries: 7

当然,并不建议用脚本创建用户,很麻烦,为了便于管理,可以安装一个phpldapadmin

 8、添加memberof

如果没有这个模块,第三方的组权限将会非常恶心,因为你无法用到ldap的组概念,关于第三方的用户将都会是空组。想想吧,没有默认权限的用户跟没有有什么分别。

添加memberof这个模块并不复杂:

8.1、添加memberof模块

[root@yl08 openldap]# cat add_moudle_group.ldif 
dn: cn=module,cn=config
cn: module
objectClass: olcModuleList
olcModulePath: /usr/lib64/openldap

dn: cn=module{0},cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcModuleLoad
olcModuleLoad: memberof.la

dn: olcOverlay=memberof,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcConfig
objectClass: olcMemberOf
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: top
olcOverlay: memberof
olcMemberOfDangling: ignore
olcMemberOfRefInt: TRUE
olcMemberOfGroupOC: groupOfUniqueNames
olcMemberOfMemberAD: uniqueMember 
olcMemberOfMemberOfAD: memberOf

其中memberof.la一般都会在/usr/lib64/openldap,如果不在,自己搜一下。

8.2 添加refint模块

[root@yl08 openldap]# cat refint1.ldif 
dn: cn=module{0},cn=config
add: olcmoduleload
olcmoduleload: refint

[root@yl08 openldap]# cat refint2.ldif 
dn: olcOverlay=refint,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcConfig
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcRefintConfig
objectClass: top
olcOverlay: refint
olcRefintAttribute: memberof uniqueMember  manager owner

8.3 执行上面的脚本

[root@yl08 openldap]# ldapadd -Q -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f  add_moudle_group.ldif 
adding new entry "cn=module,cn=config"

modifying entry "cn=module{0},cn=config"

adding new entry "olcOverlay=memberof,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

[root@yl08 openldap]# ldapmodify -Q -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f refint1.ldif
modifying entry "cn=module{0},cn=config"

[root@yl08 openldap]# ldapadd -Q -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f refint2.ldif
adding new entry "olcOverlay=refint,olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

8.4 添加个组测试一下

[root@yl08 openldap]# cat add_group.ldif 
dn: cn=gitlab-users,ou=Groups,dc=light,dc=cn
cn: gitlab-users
uniquemember: uid=xxx,ou=Users,dc=light,dc=cn
objectClass: groupofuniquenames


[root@yl08 openldap]# ldapmodify -a -H ldap://172.16.60.53:389 -D "cn=service,dc=light,dc=cn" -f add_group.ldif 
adding new entry "cn=gitlab-users,ou=Groups,dc=light,dc=cn"