前置条件

  • 安装docker
  • 安装docker-compose

基于容器运行服务

编辑启动文件

创建启动文件存放路径

mkdir -p /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx

切换到路径 docker-nginx

cd /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx

将内容写入 docker-compose.yml

vi /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/docker-compose.yml
version: '3.7'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx
    restart: always
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    ports:
      - '80:80'
      - '443:443'

也可以使用将内容直接写入文件： cat > /usr/local/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml<<‘EOF’ 内容 EOF

运行容器并访问

运行容器

docker-compose -f /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_nginx学习

浏览器访问自己的域名，看到如下页面说明启动成功

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_运行容器后状态是 excited_02

配置文件

宿主机创建映射路径

创建nginx存放配置、静态资源文件及目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/conf.d/
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/html/
mkdir -p /var/local/docker-nginx/nginx/logs/
touch /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/nginx.conf
touch /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

映射说明见附录：数据卷映射说明

复制内部配置及静态页

将容器内部配置文件复制出来，稍后配置在宿主机中

进入容器
  • 宿主机执行命令通过容器名称进入容器内部
docker exec -it nginx bash
  • 切换到nginx默认配置路径
cd /etc/nginx

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_运行容器后状态是 excited_03

nginx.conf
  • 查看配置文件并复制
more /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_运行容器后状态是 excited_04

default.conf
  • 查看配置文件并复制
more /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_nginx学习_05

粘贴对应的配置文件

nginx.conf

将刚才复制的配置文件，按照上边宿主机创建的文件进行粘贴

vi /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/nginx.conf

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_部署nginx_06

user  nginx; 
worker_processes  1; 

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;    
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;                     

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types; 
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 
}

配置说明见附录：nginx.conf 配置说明

default.conf

将刚才复制的配置文件，按照上边宿主机创建的文件进行粘贴

vi /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_docker nginx_07

server {
    listen       80;                   # Nginx监听的端口号，配置中默认是占用80端口 
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;            # Nginx接受请求的IP或域名

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  # 将接受到的请求根据/usr/share/nginx/html去查找静态资源
        index  index.html index.htm;   # 默认去上述的路径中找到index.html或index.htm
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

}

配置说明见附录：default.conf 配置说明

欢迎页和异常页

数据卷映射静态文件

cd /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/html
  • 新建index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
    <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
    working. Further configuration is required.</p>

    <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
    <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
    Commercial support is available at
    <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

    <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
  • 新建50x.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>An error occurred.</h1>
    <p>Sorry, the page you are looking for is currently unavailable.<br/>
    Please try again later.</p>
    <p>If you are the system administrator of this resource then you should check
    the error log for details.</p>
    <p><em>Faithfully yours, nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

重新运行容器服务

修改启动文件

  • 启动文件中加上数据卷映射 volumes 部分
vi /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/docker-compose.yml
version: '3.7'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx
    restart: always
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai 
    ports:
      - '80:80'
      - '443:443'
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./nginx/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d
      - ./nginx/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html
      - /var/local/nginx/logs/:/var/log/nginx

停止容器

docker-compose -f /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/docker-compose.yml down

运行容器并访问

控制台运行容器

docker-compose -f /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d

浏览器访问自己的域名，看到如下页面说明启动成功

运行容器后状态是 excited 怎么运行容器_nginx学习_08

配置文件重新加载

如果在运行的过程中需要调整配置，可以使用如下两个命令重新加载配置文件

  • 检查配置文件
docker exec -it nginx service nginx check-reload
  • 重新加载配置文件
docker exec -it nginx service nginx reload

附录

问题记录

外部访问无响应

解决方案：

  1. 关闭防火墙 （如果仅开发使用关闭即可，无需要考虑服务器是否安全）
  2. 防火墙开放端口 （生产环境需要配置一些规则开放对应的端口）

数据卷映射说明

mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/                          # Nginx 配置主路径
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/conf.d/                   # Nginx 所有引用配置存放路径，以后多数配置在此路径中
mkdir -p /usr/local/docker-nginx/nginx/html/                     # 静态资源路径
mkdir -p /var/local/docker-nginx/nginx/logs/                     # 日志存放路径
touch /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/nginx.conf            # 全局配置文件 主配置文件会扫描 conf.d路径下所有以.conf结尾的配置文件
touch /usr/local/docker/docker-nginx/nginx/conf.d/default.conf   # 引用配置文件

docker-compose 简单说明

version: '3.7'                                   # docker-compose 对应命令版本
services:                                        # 服务组
  nginx:                                         # 容器
    image: nginx                                 # 镜像名称
    container_name: nginx                        # 容器名称
    restart: always                              # 重启服务器自动启动
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai                         # 指定时区
    ports:                                
      - '80:80'                                  # http 宿主机端口：容器内端口
      - '443:443'                                # https 宿主机端口：容器内端口
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf # 全局配置文件
      - ./nginx/conf.d/:/etc/nginx/conf.d        # server 详细配置引用
      - ./nginx/html/:/usr/share/nginx/html      # 静态文件存放路径
      - /var/local/nginx/logs/:/var/log/nginx    #  运行日志路径

nginx.conf 配置说明

user  nginx;                                       # 当前需要运行nginx的linux用户
worker_processes  1;                               # 数值越大，Nginx 并发能力越强（不是随便写的，需要根据实际服务器配置编写）

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;          # 错误日志存放位置
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;                     # 进程id

events {
    worker_connections  1024;                      # 数值越大，Nginx 并发能力越强（不是随便写的，需要根据实际服务器配置编写）
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;           # 中存放着大量媒体类型
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;   # 运行日志

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;              # 引入了conf.d路径下所有以.conf结尾的配置文件
}

default.conf 配置说明

server {
    listen       80;                   # Nginx监听的端口号，配置中默认是占用80端口 
    listen  [::]:80;
    server_name  localhost;            # Nginx接受请求的IP或域名

    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  # 将接受到的请求根据/usr/share/nginx/html去查找静态资源
        index  index.html index.htm;   # 默认去上述的路径中找到index.html或index.htm
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}