1. 使用构造函数复制对象
对象是传址调用,直接通过“=”来进行连接是并没有达到复制对象的目的。下面这样的类可以通过构造函数来复制对象。局限在于,要求生成对象的类的域仅仅是基本类型,没有其他引用类型。如果有引用类型,则新对象仅仅复制了引用类型的副本,他们指向同一个对象,这是浅复制。除非对该引用类型也再次进行构造函数的复制,直到所有复制都针对的是基本类型,这是深复制。
根据《Java7 入门经典》P250页6.8.3节的说法,跟第二类的复杂的克隆相比,构造函数法是复制对象方法的最佳实践。
第一类:域只有基本类型
public class Employee {
private String name;
private int age;
/**
* 构造函数复制对象
*/
public Employee(Employee employee) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
name=employee.getName();
age=employee.getAge();
}
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Employee(String name,int age) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "姓名:"+name+",年龄"+age;
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
第二类:域有引用类型Addres address,需要对其也进行构造函数复制
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:38:13
* 项目名称:Test
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21
* 类说明:
*/
public class Employee {
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Employee(String name,int age,Address address) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
this.address=new Address(address);
}
/**
* 构造函数复制
*/
public Employee(Employee employee) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
name=employee.getName();
age=employee.getAge();
address=<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">new Address(</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">employee.getAddress()</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">)</span>;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "姓名:"+name+",年龄:"+age+",地址——"+address;
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:52:18 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Address {
private String state;
private String province;
private String city;
/**
* 构造函数实现复制
*/
public Address(Address address) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
state=address.state;
province=address.province;
city=address.city;
}
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Address(String state, String province, String city) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.state = state;
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("国家:" + state + ",");
stringBuilder.append("省:" + province + ",");
stringBuilder.append("市:" + city);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
2. 对象克隆
克隆的效果和使用构造函数复制对象高度一致,局限在于,要求生成对象的类的域仅仅是基本类型,没有其他引用类型。如果有引用类型,则新对象仅仅复制了引用类型的副本,他们指向同一个对象,并没有对其进行克隆,这是浅克隆。除非对该引用类型也再次进行clone,直到所有clone都针对的是基本类型,这就是深度克隆。
注意,所有类都要实现Cloneable接口,并重写clone()方法。
第一类:域只有基本类型
/
**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:38:13 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Employee implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Employee(String name, int age) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
protected Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Employee employee = null;
employee = (Employee) super.clone();
return employee;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// return "姓名:"+name+",年龄:"+age+",地址——"+address;
return "姓名:" + name + ",年龄:" + age;
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
第二类:域有引用类型Addres address,需要对其也进行clone
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:38:13 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Employee implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
/**
*
*/
public Employee(String name, int age,Address address) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address=address;
}
// @Override
protected Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Employee employee = null;
employee = (Employee) super.clone();
employee.address=address.clone();
return employee;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "姓名:"+name+",年龄:"+age+",地址——"+address;
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:52:18 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Address implements Cloneable{
private String state;
private String province;
private String city;
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Address(String state, String province, String city) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.state = state;
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
}
@Override
protected Address clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Address address=null;
address=(Address)super.clone();
return address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("国家:" + state + ",");
stringBuilder.append("省:" + province + ",");
stringBuilder.append("市:" + city);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
3. 对象序列化
对象序列化即把待复制的对象从内存写到本地文件中,然后再从本地文件读到出内存中并赋给新的引用。对象序列号实现了深度克隆。
注意,待序列化化的对象要实现Serializable接口,域中如果有引用类型,也要实现Serializable接口,否则序列化出错。
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:36:34
* 项目名称:Test
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21
* 类说明:
*/
public class ObjectCloneTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws CloneNotSupportedException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Address address=new Address("中国", "北京", "北京");
Employee employee=new Employee("曹艳丰",23,address);
System.out.println(employee);
Employee employee2=null;
ObjectOutputStream out=null;
ObjectInputStream in=null;
try {
out=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("employee.dat"));
out.writeObject(employee);
in=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("employee.dat"));
employee2=(Employee)in.readObject();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(employee2);
}
}
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:38:13 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Employee implements Serializable {
/**
* 序列号
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
/**
*
*/
public Employee(String name, int age, Address address) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "姓名:" + name + ",年龄:" + age + ",地址——" + address;
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}
/**
* 创建时间:2014年9月8日 下午2:52:18 项目名称:Test
*
* @author Cao Yanfeng
* @since JDK 1.6.0_21 类说明:
*/
public class Address implements Serializable{
/**
*序列号
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String state;
private String province;
private String city;
/**
* 初始化
*/
public Address(String state, String province, String city) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.state = state;
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("国家:" + state + ",");
stringBuilder.append("省:" + province + ",");
stringBuilder.append("市:" + city);
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
//省略set()和get()函数
}