:以qq邮箱为例
使用的场景:
(1) 目前用在了重置用户密码
(2) 项目需要发送测试报告到用户邮箱
(3) 之前见过一个用户使用邮件的形式维护linux服务器(服务器端需要接收邮件进行解读)
注意:python3.7及以上会报错,我用的3.6
写代码前要准备的:
(1) 需要准备一个QQ号,因为要以这个QQ号发送和接受邮件。
(2) 需要这个QQ号邮箱开启SMTP/POP3服务
# 点开会验证,验证完会给个授权码,之后就是通过这个授权码代替用户密码
提醒:直接修改if __main__里的内容即可
发送邮件:
import os
import random
import smtplib
import time
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class MyEmail(object):
def __init__(self, sender, receiver, username, password, smtp_server='smtp.qq.com'):
self.sender = sender
self.receiver = receiver
self.username = username
self.password = password # 邮箱开启POP3和SMTP服务的授权码
self.smtp_server = smtp_server
# 连接服务器
self.connect_server()
# 表示一封邮件,需要邮件主题
def create_email(self, mail_title):
# 创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = self.sender
message['To'] = self.receiver
message['Subject'] = Header(mail_title, 'utf-8')
self.message = message
# 附件内容,如文本文件,图片文件等
def email_appendix(self, file_path):
att1 = MIMEText(open(file_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
# 指定头部信息
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' # 内容为二进制流
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % (os.path.basename(file_path))
self.message.attach(att1)
def email_text(self, content, content_type='plain'):
# 邮件正文内容
# plain正常文本内容,html可以发送html格式内容
self.message.attach(MIMEText(content, content_type, 'utf-8'))
def connect_server(self):
# 连接邮件服务器
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL()
# 注意:如果遇到发送失败的情况(提示远程主机拒接连接),这里要使用SMTP_SSL方法
smtpObj.connect(self.smtp_server)
try:
# 连接qq邮箱服务器
smtpObj.login(self.username, self.password)
# 给qq邮箱发送用户名和授权码,进行验证,如果账号没有授权会返回smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError
except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError:
print('请检查用户名和授权码是否添加正确!')
return
else:
self.smtpObj = smtpObj
def send_mail(self):
self.smtpObj.sendmail(self.sender, self.receiver, self.message.as_string()) # 发送一封邮件
print("邮件发送成功!!!")
def __del__(self):
self.smtpObj.close()
# self.smtpObj.quit()
t = ['乌鸦坐飞机', '邪恶在山顶', '双龙探珠', '螳螂拳', '蛇足拳', '水莲飘', ' 无相招', '佛朗明哥招', '飞天拳', ' 猫脚落地', ' 熊掌出击', ' 猫甩水', ' 猫转身']
if __name__ == '__main__':
obj = MyEmail(sender='123456@qq.com', receiver='456789@qq.com', username='123456', password='pop3生成得密码')
for i in range(10):
# 创建邮件,及设置标题
obj.create_email('来自zezhou的轰炸消息')
# 添加邮件内容
obj.email_text(random.choice(t))
# 添加附件,如图片或者文件啥的,需要文件的路径
# obj.email_appendix('suolong.jpg')
# 发送邮件
obj.send_mail()
time.sleep(0.5)
else:
obj.create_email('boom~')
obj.email_text('boom boom boom')
obj.send_mail()
效果:
发送邮件需要注意的:
# 如果想要发送html格式的内容
# 发送的html格式的内容,只会留body标签中的内容(且不包含script标签)
接受邮件:
import poplib
import base64
import time
from email.parser import Parser
# 用来解析邮件主题
from email.header import decode_header
# 用来解析邮件来源
from email.utils import parseaddr
class AcceptEmail(object):
def __init__(self, user_email, password, pop3_server='pop.qq.com'):
self.user_email = user_email
self.password = password
self.pop3_server = pop3_server
self.connect_email_server()
def connect_email_server(self):
self.server = poplib.POP3(self.pop3_server)
# 打印POP3服务器的欢迎文字,验证是否正确连接到了邮件服务器
# print('连接成功 -- ', self.server.getwelcome().decode('utf8'))
# +OK QQMail POP3 Server v1.0 Service Ready(QQMail v2.0)
# 开始进行身份验证
self.server.user(self.user_email)
self.server.pass_(self.password)
def __del__(self):
# 关闭与服务器的连接,释放资源
self.server.close()
def get_email_count(self):
# 返回邮件总数目和占用服务器的空间大小(字节数), 通过stat()方法即可
email_num, email_size = self.server.stat()
# print("消息的数量: {0}, 消息的总大小: {1}".format(email_num, email_size))
return email_num
def receive_email_info(self, now_count=None):
# 返回邮件总数目和占用服务器的空间大小(字节数), 通过stat()方法即可
email_num, email_size = self.server.stat()
# print("消息的数量: {0}, 消息的总大小: {1}".format(email_num, email_size))
self.email_count = email_num
self.email_sumsize = email_size
# 使用list()返回所有邮件的编号,默认为字节类型的串
rsp, msg_list, rsp_siz = self.server.list()
# print(msg_list, '邮件数量',len(msg_list))
# print("服务器的响应: {0},\n消息列表: {1},\n返回消息的大小: {2}".format(rsp, msg_list, rsp_siz))
# print('邮件总数: {}'.format(len(msg_list)))
self.response_status = rsp
self.response_size = rsp_siz
# 下面获取最新的一封邮件,某个邮件下标(1开始算)
# total_mail_numbers = len(msg_list)
# 动态取消息
total_mail_numbers = now_count
rsp, msglines, msgsiz = self.server.retr(total_mail_numbers)
# rsp, msglines, msgsiz = self.server.retr(1)
# print("服务器的响应: {0},\n原始邮件内容: {1},\n该封邮件所占字节大小: {2}".format(rsp, msglines, msgsiz))
# 从邮件原内容中解析
msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(msglines).decode('gbk')
msg = Parser().parsestr(text=msg_content)
self.msg = msg
# print('解码后的邮件信息:\n{}'.format(msg))
def recv(self, now_count=None):
self.receive_email_info(now_count)
self.parser()
def get_email_title(self):
subject = self.msg['Subject']
value, charset = decode_header(subject)[0]
if charset:
value = value.decode(charset)
# print('邮件主题: {0}'.format(value))
self.email_title = value
def get_sender_info(self):
hdr, addr = parseaddr(self.msg['From'])
# name 发送人邮箱名称, addr 发送人邮箱地址
name, charset = decode_header(hdr)[0]
if charset:
name = name.decode(charset)
self.sender_qq_name = name
self.sender_qq_email = addr
# print('发送人邮箱名称: {0},发送人邮箱地址: {1}'.format(name, addr))
def get_email_content(self):
content = self.msg.get_payload()
# 文本信息
content_charset = content[0].get_content_charset() # 获取编码格式
text = content[0].as_string().split('base64')[-1]
text_content = base64.b64decode(text).decode(content_charset) # base64解码
self.email_content = text_content
# print('邮件内容: {0}'.format(text_content))
# 添加了HTML代码的信息
content_charset = content[1].get_content_charset()
text = content[1].as_string().split('base64')[-1]
# html_content = base64.b64decode(text).decode(content_charset)
# print('文本信息: {0}\n添加了HTML代码的信息: {1}'.format(text_content, html_content))
def parser(self):
self.get_email_title()
self.get_sender_info()
self.get_email_content()
def get_new_mail(dic, second=5):
t = AcceptEmail(**dic)
now_count = t.get_email_count()
print('开启的时候的邮件数量为:%s' % now_count)
# 每次需要重新连接邮箱服务器,才能获取到最新的消息
# 默认每隔5秒看一次是否有新内容
while True:
obj = AcceptEmail(**dic)
count = obj.get_email_count()
if count > now_count:
new_mail_count = count - now_count
print('有新的邮件数量:%s' % new_mail_count)
for i in range(1, new_mail_count + 1):
obj = AcceptEmail(**dic)
now_count += 1
obj.recv(now_count)
yield {"title": obj.email_title, "sender": obj.sender_qq_name, "sender_email": obj.sender_qq_email,
"email_content": obj.email_content}
# print('-' * 30)
# print("邮件主题:%s\n发件人:%s\n发件人邮箱:%s\n邮件内容:%s" % (
# obj.email_title, obj.sender_qq_name, obj.sender_qq_email, obj.email_content))
# print('-' * 30)
# else:
# print('没有任何新消息.')
time.sleep(second)
if __name__ == '__main__':
dic = {
'user_email': 'xxx@qq.com',
'password': 'xxx',
}
print('正在监听邮件服务器端是否有新消息---')
try:
iterator = get_new_mail(dic)
except TypeError:
print('监听的内容有误,有图片数据等,无法解析而报错,不是纯文本内容')
else:
for dic in iterator:
# 如果需要过滤某个用户的邮件内容,加个if判断是否是该邮箱即可
# if dic.get("sender_email") == 'xxx':
print('-' * 30)
print("邮件主题:%s\n发件人:%s\n发件人邮箱:%s\n邮件内容:%s" % (
dic["title"], dic["sender"], dic["sender_email"], dic["email_content"]))
print('-' * 30)
过程中遇到的问题:
1.认证问题
解决方法:
在自己的QQ邮箱开启POP3和SMTP服务,得到授权码,填写正确的信息,重新进行认证。