iOS应用数据存储的常用方式:
1.XML 属性列表 ( plist 归档)
2.NSUserDefaults ( 偏好设置 )
3.NSKeyedArchiver 归档(加密形式)
4.SQLite3 (嵌入式数据库)
5.Core Data (面向对象方式的嵌入式数据库)
一.应用沙盒
1.iOS应用程序只能在为该改程序创建的文件系统中读取文件,不可以去其它地方访问,此区域被成为沙盒
说明:
a.每个应用程序都有自己的存储空间
b.应用程序无法翻过自己的围墙去访问别的存储空间的内容
c.应用程序请求的数据都要通过权限检测,假如不符合条件的话,不会被放行。
2.mac下查看沙盒路径
step1. 显示Mac隐藏文件的命令:defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true
step2.进入如下路径 /Users/username/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/,即可找到各个程序的应用沙盒
3.沙盒目录结构
默认情况下,每个程序的沙盒含有3个文件夹:Documents, Library 和 tmp:
会备份该目录
会备份该目录
不会备份该目录。
不会备份该目录
4.获取目录路径代码:
//获取沙盒路径
NSString *home = NSHomeDirectory();
//1.获取Document路径
//1.1通过文件名获取,因为ios以后的新版本可能修改目录名,不建议使用
NSString *documentPath1 = [home stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"];
//1.2通过系统方法获取,建议使用
NSArray *array = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentPath2 = [array objectAtIndex:0];
//2.获取Library/Cache目录,获取方式同Document,下面是系统方法
NSArray *cache = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *cachePath = [cache objectAtIndex:0];
//3.获取Library/Preferences也可食用1.1的方式获取,但因为是保存setting设置,一般通过NSUserDefaults直接存储
NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[defaults setObject:@"myname" forKey:@"username"];
//4.获取tmp目录
NSString *tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
如何在沙盒中操作文件夹和文件,系统提供了
二.文件存储
1.XML属性列表(plist归档)
dataWithContentsOfFile方法读取plist文件中的信息并实例化对象
NSString *tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *path = [tmpPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.plist"];
// 将数据封装成字典
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[dict setObject:@"jason" forKey:@"name"];
[dict writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
// 读取plist的内容,实例化NSDictionary
NSDictionary *dictPlist = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"name:%@", [dictPlist objectForKey:@"name"]);
2.NSUserDefaults(偏好设置)
使用set方法保存不同类型的对象,使用xxxForKey方法获取值
//偏好设置
NSUserDefaults *dft = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[dft setObject:@"jason" forKey:@"username"];
[dft setFloat:1.77f forKey:@"high"];
[dft setBool:YES forKey:@"auto_logon"];
//读取偏好设置
NSUserDefaults *dft2 = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
NSString *name = [dft2 objectForKey:@"username"];
float h = [dft2 floatForKey:@"high"];
BOOL al = [dft2 boolForKey:@"auto_logon"];
NSLog(@"%@--%f--%hhd",name,h,al);
自动在Library/Preferences/生成项目名开头的plist文件
3.NSKeyedArchiver 归档(加密形式)
机制类似于java的对象序列化,归档是指将对象保存到文件,反归档(读档)是指将文件内容解析成对象
NSString、NSDictionary、NSArray、NSData、NSNumber等类型,可以直接用NSKeyedArchiver进行归档和反归档
3.2 任何遵守了NSCoding协议的对象,都可以进行归档和反归档
NSCoding协议需要实现两个方法:
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder //将对象归档的时候会调用(将对象写入文件之前会调用),用来说明哪些属性需要归档,怎样归档
id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder //当从文件中反归档对象时调用,用来说明哪些属性需要反归档,怎样反归档
super的encodeWithCoder:和initWithCoder:方法
3.4代码实例:
3.4.1 对象类:Person和子类Man
// Person.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Person : NSObject<NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic, assign) double height;
@end
// Person.m
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
//归档时调用
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
[coder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
[coder encodeInt:_age forKey:@"age"];
[coder encodeDouble:_height forKey:@"height"];
}
//反归档时调用调用的初始化方法
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)deCode
{
if (self = [super init]) {
_name = [deCode decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
_age = [deCode decodeIntForKey:@"age"];
_height = [deCode decodeDoubleForKey:@"height"];
}
return self;
}
@end
// Man.h继承自Person
#import "Person.h"
@interface Man : Person
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *sex;
@end
// Man.m
#import "Man.h"
@implementation Man
//归档时调用
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder
{
//首先调用父类的归档方法
[super encodeWithCoder:coder];
[coder encodeObject:_sex forKey:@"sex"];
}
//反归档时调用的初始化方法
-(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)deCode
{
if (self = [super initWithCoder:deCode]) {
_sex = [deCode decodeObjectForKey:@"sex"];
}
return self;
}
@end
3.4.1 归档和反归档的实现方法
NSString *tmpPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
NSString *path1 = [tmpPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person.data"];
NSString *path2 = [tmpPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"man.data"];
Person *p = [[Person alloc]init];
p.name = @"a";
p.age = 11;
p.height = 1.70f;
Man *m = [[Man alloc]init];
m.name = @"b";
m.age = 12;
m.height = 1.77f;
m.sex = @"male";
//归档
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:p toFile:path1];
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:m toFile:path2];
//反归档
Person *p2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path1];
Man *m2 = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path2];
NSLog(@"%@--%d--%f",p2.name,p2.age,p2.height);
NSLog(@"%@--%d--%f---%@",m2.name,m2.age,m2.height,m2.sex);
Core Data
都是对数据做操作,CoreData只是在SQLite3的基础上做了一层面向对象的封装,类似于Hibernate,暂不总结,后续会新写文章总结
三.NSFileManager
创建文件夹:
//创建文件夹
-(void *)createDir{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
// 创建目录
BOOL res=[fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:testDirectory withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
if (res) {
NSLog(@"文件夹创建成功");
}else
NSLog(@"文件夹创建失败");
}
创建文件
//创建文件
-(void *)createFile{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.txt"];
BOOL res=[fileManager createFileAtPath:testPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
if (res) {
NSLog(@"文件创建成功: %@" ,testPath);
}else
NSLog(@"文件创建失败");
}
写数据到文件:
//写文件
-(void)writeFile{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.txt"];
NSString *content=@"测试写入内容!";
BOOL res=[content writeToFile:testPath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
if (res) {
NSLog(@"文件写入成功");
}else
NSLog(@"文件写入失败");
}
读文件数据:
//读文件
-(void)readFile{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.txt"];
// NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:testPath];
// NSLog(@"文件读取成功: %@",[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
NSString *content=[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:testPath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"文件读取成功: %@",content);
}
文件属性:
//文件属性
-(void)fileAttriutes{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.txt"];
NSDictionary *fileAttributes = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtPath:testPath error:nil];
NSArray *keys;
id key, value;
keys = [fileAttributes allKeys];
int count = [keys count];
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
key = [keys objectAtIndex: i];
value = [fileAttributes objectForKey: key];
NSLog (@"Key: %@ for value: %@", key, value);
}
}
删除文件:
//删除文件
-(void)deleteFile{
NSString *documentsPath =[self dirDoc];
NSString *testDirectory = [documentsPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test"];
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *testPath = [testDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.txt"];
BOOL res=[fileManager removeItemAtPath:testPath error:nil];
if (res) {
NSLog(@"文件删除成功");
}else
NSLog(@"文件删除失败");
NSLog(@"文件是否存在: %@",[fileManager isExecutableFileAtPath:testPath]?@"YES":@"NO");
}
遍历子文件夹:
NSString *home = NSHomeDirectory();
NSFileManager *fileManage = [NSFileManagerdefaultManager];
NSArray *file = [fileManage subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath: home error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",file);
NSArray *files = [fileManage subpathsAtPath: home ];
NSLog(@"%@",files);