底层调用 Web Services
分类： ┣ Android ┫ 2011-02-10 22:40 120人阅读 评论 (0) 收藏 举报
以前一直把Web Services说在嘴边，都没亲自去试验下，或者都是通过别人的API去调用，没有从底层去实验，今天病好很多，下午也闲来无事，便把这个一直留在心里的任务给完成了，以满足自己。
Web Services的原理我就不仔细说了，可以参考一本《Web Services技术、架构和应用》，书虽有点厚，但很经典。
本文调用http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/index.aspx提供的Web Services，该网站提供了几种WEB服务。本文以手机号码归属地查询为例，介绍调用Web Services的方法。
首先在http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?op=getMobileCodeInfo，我们便可看到该方法的参数传递形式。
1. SOAP 1.1
2. 以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
3. POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1
4. Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
5. Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
6. Content-Length: length
7. "http://WebXml.com.cn/getMobileCodeInfo"
8. "1.0" encoding= "utf-8"
9. "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap= "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
10. <soap:Body>
11. "http://WebXml.com.cn/"
12. string
13. string
14. </getMobileCodeInfo>
15. </soap:Body>
16. </soap:Envelope>
17. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
18. Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
19. Content-Length: length
20. "1.0" encoding= "utf-8"
21. "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap= "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
22. <soap:Body>
23. "http://WebXml.com.cn/"
24. string
25. </getMobileCodeInfoResponse>
26. </soap:Body>
27. </soap:Envelope>
28. SOAP 1.2
29. 以下是 SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例。所显示的占位符需替换为实际值。
30. POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1
31. Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn
32. Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
33. Content-Length: length
34. "1.0" encoding= "utf-8"
35. "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12= "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
36. <soap12:Body>
37. "http://WebXml.com.cn/"
38. string
39. string
40. </getMobileCodeInfo>
41. </soap12:Body>
42. </soap12:Envelope>
43. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
44. Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
45. Content-Length: length
46. "1.0" encoding= "utf-8"
47. "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12= "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"
48. <soap12:Body>
49. "http://WebXml.com.cn/"
50. string
51. </getMobileCodeInfoResponse>
52. </soap12:Body>
53. </soap12:Envelope>
本文以socket为例子，通过底层方式调用Web Services，把上述的协议描述输成代码，如下：
1. "POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1/r/n"
2. "Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn/r/n"
3. "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8/r/n"
4. "Content-Length: $Length/r/n"
5. "SOAPAction: /" http: //WebXml.com.cn/getMobileCodeInfo/"/r/n/r/n";
6. "<?xml version=/" 1.0/ " encoding=/" utf-8/ "?>/r/n"
7. "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=/" http: //www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance/" xmlns:xsd=/"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema/" xmlns:soap=/"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//">/r/n"
8. "<soap:Body>/r/n"
9. "<getMobileCodeInfo xmlns=/" http: //WebXml.com.cn//">/r/n"
10. "<mobileCode>$MobileNo</mobileCode>/r/n"
11. "<userID>$UserID</userID>/r/n" + "</getMobileCodeInfo>/r/n"
12. "</soap:Body>/r/n" + "</soap:Envelope>/r/n"
在这里要注意，代码的形式，协议Header和协议Body要区分清楚，否则会出现调用HTTP400或者HTTP500错误。
使用Socket 完整代码如下：
1. import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
2. import java.io.InputStream;
3. import java.io.OutputStream;
4. import java.net.InetAddress;
5. import java.net.Socket;
6. public class
7. public static void
8. "POST /WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx HTTP/1.1/r/n"
9. "Host: webservice.webxml.com.cn/r/n"
10. "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8/r/n"
11. "Content-Length: $Length/r/n"
12. "SOAPAction: /" http: //WebXml.com.cn/getMobileCodeInfo/"/r/n/r/n";
13. "<?xml version=/" 1.0/ " encoding=/" utf-8/ "?>/r/n"
14. "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=/" http: //www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance/" xmlns:xsd=/"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema/" xmlns:soap=/"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//">/r/n"
15. "<soap:Body>/r/n"
16. "<getMobileCodeInfo xmlns=/" http: //WebXml.com.cn//">/r/n"
17. "<mobileCode>$MobileNo</mobileCode>/r/n"
18. "<userID>$UserID</userID>/r/n" + "</getMobileCodeInfo>/r/n"
19. "</soap:Body>/r/n" + "</soap:Envelope>/r/n"
20.
21. "webservice.webxml.com.cn" ; //
22. try
23. InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(path);
24. new
25. OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
26. is
27. "//$MobileNo" , "15013055281"
28. "//$UserID" , ""
29. byte
30. "//$Length" , ""
31. String httpSend = strHeader + strBody;
32. out
33. os.write(httpSend.getBytes());
34. os.flush();
35.
36. byte [] recvBytes = new byte
37. int
38. new BufferedInputStream( is
39.
40. while
41. new String(recvBytes, "UTF-8"
42. out
43. }
44. catch
45. e.printStackTrace();
46. }
47. }
48. }
使用HttpURLConnection 关键代码代码如下(原理都一样，只不过少写了点东西而已)：
1. "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx"
2. try
3.
4. "//$MobileNo" , "15013055288"
5. "//$UserID" , ""
6. byte
7. strHeader = strHeader
8. "//$Length" , ""
9. String httpSend = strBody;
10. out
11. new
12. HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
13. "POST"
14. true
15. conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
16.
17. "Content-Type" , "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8"
18. "Content-Length"
19. OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
20. os.write(bodyBytes);
21. os.flush();
22.
23. is
24.
25.
26. byte [] recvBytes = new byte
27. int
28. new BufferedInputStream( is
29.
30. while
31. new String(recvBytes, "UTF-8"
32. out
33. }
34. catch
35. e.printStackTrace();
36. }
得到调用结果如下：
1. HTTP/1.1 200 OK
2. Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2011 14:35:02 GMT
3. Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
4. X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
5. X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
6. private
7. Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
8. Content-Length: 434
9. "1.0" encoding= "utf-8"
10. "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
11. <soap:Body>
12. "http://WebXml.com.cn/"
13. <getMobileCodeInfoResult>15013055288：广东 广州 广东移动全球通卡 </getMobileCodeInfoResult>
14. </getMobileCodeInfoResponse>
15. </soap:Body>
16. </soap:Envelope>
以上便是从底层调用Web Services的方法。
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