原先结构:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<header id="header">这里是头部</header>
<div id="content">这里是内容区域</div>
<footer id="footer">这里是底部区域</footer>
</div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
new Vue({
el: '#app'
})
</script>
</html>
抽离头部组件(可读性差):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<!-- <header id="header">这里是头部</header> -->
<my-header></my-header>
<div id="content">这里是内容区域</div>
<!-- <footer id="footer">这里是底部区域</footer> -->
<my-footer />
</div>
</body>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
// 定义一个组件
var Header = { // 组件的首字母大写,template 表示该组件的 模板,类型是字符串
template: `<header id="header">这里是头部----组件</header>`
}
var Footer = { // 组件的首字母大写,template 表示该组件的 模板,类型是字符串
template: `<footer id="footer">这里是底部区域 ----组件</footer>`
}
// 注册组件 ---- 全局注册组件 ---- 一定是在new Vue之前
// Vue.component('自定义的组件名', 定义的组件) --- 以标签的形式调用 组件名 即可
Vue.component('my-header', Header) // <my-header></my-header> <my-header />
Vue.component('my-footer', Footer)
new Vue({
el: '#app'
})
</script>
</html>
抽离组件的模板:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-header></my-header>
</div>
</body>
<!-- script 表示的模板的方式 只需要了解即可 -->
<!-- <script type="text/x-template" id="header">
<header class="header">
<button>返回</button>
搜索
</header>
</script> -->
<!-- 使用template标签定义模板 是推荐使用的 -->
<template id="header">
<header class="header">
<button>返回</button>
搜索
</header>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Header = {
template: '#header'
}
Vue.component('my-header', Header)
new Vue({
el: '#app'
})
</script>
</html>
组建的选项:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-header></my-header>
</div>
</body>
<template id="header">
<header class="header">
<button @click="back">返回</button>
<input type="text" v-model="msg">
{{ msg }} - {{ msgTip }}
</header>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
// 组件是 特殊 的Vue实例
const Header = {
template: '#header',
data () { // 组件中的初始化数据, data必须是一个函数,返回一个对象 ---- 特殊点
return {
msg: '搜索中.......'
}
},
methods: {
back () {
console.log('你点击了返回按钮')
}
},
computed: {
msgTip () {
if (this.msg === '') {
return '请输入搜索内容'
} else {
return this.msg
}
}
}
}
Vue.component('my-header', Header)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
})
</script>
</html>
局部注册组件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-header></my-header>
</div>
</body>
<template id="header">
<header class="header">
<my-back></my-back>
<input type="text" v-model="msg">
{{ msg }} - {{ msgTip }}
</header>
</template>
<template id="back">
<button @click="back">返回</button>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Back = {
template: '#back',
methods: {
back () {
console.log('你点击了返回按钮')
}
}
}
// 组件是 特殊 的Vue实例
const Header = {
template: '#header',
data () { // 组件中的初始化数据, data必须是一个函数,返回一个对象 ---- 特殊点
return {
msg: '搜索中.......'
}
},
components: {
'my-back': Back //在谁的局部注册,就只能在谁的内部使用
},
computed: {
msgTip () {
if (this.msg === '') {
return '请输入搜索内容'
} else {
return this.msg
}
}
}
}
// Vue.component('my-back', Back)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
msg: '搜索...'
},
components: {
'my-header': Header
}
})
</script>
</html>
父子组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-list></my-list>
</div>
</body>
<template id="list">
<ul>
<li>
<img src="" alt="" style="display:block;width: 150px;height: 150px;border: 1px solid #f66">
名称
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const List = {
template: '#list'
}
// 全局注册组件
// Vue.component('my-list', List)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
components: {
'my-list': List
}
})
</script>
</html>
父组件给子组件传值1:
父组件在调用子组件的地方,添加一个自定义的属性,属性的值就是需要传递给子组件的值,如果需要传递的值是一个变量,或者是boolean,或者是number类型,需要使用绑定属性,在子组件定义的地方,添加一个选项 props,方式一 props的值为数组,元素为自定义的属性名
子组件的注册必须在父组件 ,或者直接使用全局注册组件
app 为 父,header 为子
header 为 父,back 为子
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-list :list="list" :num="list.length"></my-list>
</div>
</body>
<template id="list">
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) of list" :key = "index">
<img :src="item.img" alt="" style="display:block;width: 150px;height: 150px;border: 1px solid #f66">
{{ item.title }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const List = {
props: ['list'],
template: '#list'
}
// 全局注册组件
// Vue.component('my-list', List)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
list: [{
img: 'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23491/230/1714105950/260598/44036572/5b680745N534fe714.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '七匹狼中长款夹克男春季新款时尚立领外套休闲男装茄克衫 001(黑色) 175/92A(XL)'
}, {
img:'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23386/9/1066712099/277967/615ccafb/5b4f0e3aN262237fc.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '【官方AppleCare+版】Apple MacBook Pro 15.4英寸笔记本电脑 深空灰色 配备Touch Bar 2018新款(八代i5/16G)'
}]
},
components: {
'my-list': List
}
})
</script>
</html>
父组件给子组件传值2:
在子组件定义的地方,添加一个选项 props, 方式二 props的值是一个对象,key值为自定义的属性名,value值为 数据类型 ---- 团队合作 提升代码的严谨性,如果类型不对,会有警告信息出现,但是不会阻止你的代码的渲染
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-list :list="list" :num="list.length"></my-list>
</div>
</body>
<template id="list">
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) of list" :key = "index">
<img :src="item.img" alt="" style="display:block;width: 150px;height: 150px;border: 1px solid #f66">
{{ item.title }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const List = {
props: {
list: Number
},
template: '#list'
}
// 全局注册组件
// Vue.component('my-list', List)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
list: [{
img: 'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23491/230/1714105950/260598/44036572/5b680745N534fe714.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '七匹狼中长款夹克男春季新款时尚立领外套休闲男装茄克衫 001(黑色) 175/92A(XL)'
}, {
img:'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23386/9/1066712099/277967/615ccafb/5b4f0e3aN262237fc.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '【官方AppleCare+版】Apple MacBook Pro 15.4英寸笔记本电脑 深空灰色 配备Touch Bar 2018新款(八代i5/16G)'
}]
},
components: {
'my-list': List
}
})
</script>
</html>
父组件给子组件传值3:
在子组件定义的地方,添加一个选项 props, 方式三 props的值是一个对象, key值是自定义的属性名,value值为一个对象,这个对象的key值分别为 type 和 default,表示数据类型和默认值,如果数据类型是 对象和 数组,默认值必须写为函数,其余直接赋值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-list :list="list" :num="list.length"></my-list>
<hr />
<my-list></my-list>
</div>
</body>
<template id="list">
<ul>
<li v-for="(item, index) of list" :key = "index">
<img :src="item.img" alt="" style="display:block;width: 150px;height: 150px;border: 1px solid #f66">
{{ item.title }}
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const List = {
props: {
list: {
type: Array,
default: function () {
return [
{
img: '1',
title: '您还没有传值哦'
}
]
}
}
},
template: '#list'
}
// 全局注册组件
// Vue.component('my-list', List)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
list: [{
img: 'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23491/230/1714105950/260598/44036572/5b680745N534fe714.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '七匹狼中长款夹克男春季新款时尚立领外套休闲男装茄克衫 001(黑色) 175/92A(XL)'
}, {
img:'https://m.360buyimg.com/mobilecms/s750x750_jfs/t23386/9/1066712099/277967/615ccafb/5b4f0e3aN262237fc.jpg!q80.dpg.webp',
title: '【官方AppleCare+版】Apple MacBook Pro 15.4英寸笔记本电脑 深空灰色 配备Touch Bar 2018新款(八代i5/16G)'
}]
},
components: {
'my-list': List
}
})
</script>
</html>
子组件给父组件传值:
在父组件调用子组件的地方,给它绑定一个自定义的事件,事件的执行是由父组件执行,记住不要加()
在子组件定义的地方,在需要传值的函数内部,执行 this.$emit('自定义的事件名', '传递的值')
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>这里是父组件</h1>
<h2>子组件的值是: {{ msg }}</h2>
<my-child @to-parent="getdata"></my-child>
</div>
</body>
<template id="child">
<div>
<button @click="sendData">给父组件传值</button>
</div>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Child = {
template: '#child',
methods: {
sendData () {
this.$emit('to-parent', '啦啦啦啦啊啊啦')
}
}
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
msg: ''
},
components: {
'my-child': Child
},
methods: {
getdata (val) {
this.msg = val
}
}
})
</script>
</html>
非父子组件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-content></my-content>
<my-footer></my-footer>
</div>
</body>
<template id="content">
<div>
内容
</div>
</template>
<template id="footer">
<ul>
<li>首页</li>
<li>分类</li>
<li>购物车</li>
<li>我的</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Content = {
template: '#content'
}
const Footer = {
template: '#footer'
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
components: {
'my-content': Content,
'my-footer': Footer
}
})
</script>
</html>
非父子组件传值:
利用 中央事件总线 进行传值,利用new Vue()实例作为中央事件总线
const bus = new Vue()
在需要接收数据的组件内部,先监听某一个自定义的事件,接收传递过来的数据
在需要传递数据的组件内部的某一个函数内,去触发 一个 自定义的事件,发送传递的数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<my-content></my-content>
<my-footer></my-footer>
</div>
</body>
<template id="content">
<div>
内容 - {{ type }}
</div>
</template>
<template id="footer">
<ul>
<li @click="changeContent('首页')">首页</li>
<li @click="changeContent('分类')">分类</li>
<li @click="changeContent('购物车')">购物车</li>
<li @click="changeContent('我的')">我的</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const bus = new Vue()
const Content = {
template: '#content',
data () {
return {
type: ''
}
},
mounted () { // 用来监听点击的是哪一个
bus.$on('footer-content', (val) => {
this.type = val
})
}
}
const Footer = {
template: '#footer',
methods: {
changeContent (val) {
bus.$emit('footer-content', val)
}
},
mounted () {
bus.$emit('footer-content', '首页')
}
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
components: {
'my-content': Content,
'my-footer': Footer
}
})
</script>
</html>
注册表单
使用 component 标签结合is属性,指明使用的是哪一个组件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="type='my-phone'">手机号注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-email'">邮箱注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-user'">用户名注册</button>
<component :is="type"></component>
<!-- <component is="my-user"></component> -->
<!-- <my-phone></my-phone>
<my-email></my-email>
<my-user></my-user> -->
</div>
</body>
<template id="phone">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="手机号">
</div>
</template>
<template id="email">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="邮箱">
</div>
</template>
<template id="user">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名">
</div>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Phone = {
template: '#phone'
}
const Email = {
template: '#email'
}
const User = {
template: '#user'
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
type: 'my-phone'
},
components: {
'my-phone': Phone,
'my-email': Email,
'my-user': User
}
})
</script>
</html>
保留组件状态
使用 keep-alive 包裹 component 标签即可完成 保留组件的状态
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="type='my-phone'">手机号注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-email'">邮箱注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-user'">用户名注册</button>
<keep-alive>
<component :is="type"></component>
</keep-alive>
</div>
</body>
<template id="phone">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="手机号">
</div>
</template>
<template id="email">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="邮箱">
</div>
</template>
<template id="user">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名">
</div>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Phone = {
template: '#phone',
mounted () {
console.log('phone')
}
}
const Email = {
template: '#email',
mounted () {
console.log('email')
}
}
const User = {
template: '#user',
mounted () {
console.log('user')
}
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
type: 'my-phone'
},
components: {
'my-phone': Phone,
'my-email': Email,
'my-user': User
}
})
</script>
</html>
新增钩子函数
keep-alive 保留组件的状态,避免组件的重新渲染 --- 不会再次触发mounted钩子函数,如果想要了解到执行到哪一个选项,可以使用 activated 和 deactivated 钩子函数
使用了 keep-alive 才有钩子
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="type='my-phone'">手机号注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-email'">邮箱注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-user'">用户名注册</button>
<keep-alive>
<component :is="type"></component>
</keep-alive>
</div>
</body>
<template id="phone">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="手机号">
</div>
</template>
<template id="email">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="邮箱">
</div>
</template>
<template id="user">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名">
</div>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Phone = {
template: '#phone',
mounted () {
console.log('phone')
},
activated () {
console.log('phone 被激活')
},
deactivated () {
console.log('phone 被隐藏')
}
}
const Email = {
template: '#email',
mounted () {
console.log('email')
},
activated () {
console.log('email 被激活')
},
deactivated () {
console.log('email 被隐藏')
}
}
const User = {
template: '#user',
mounted () {
console.log('user')
},
activated () {
console.log('user 被激活')
},
deactivated () {
console.log('user 被隐藏')
}
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
type: 'my-phone'
},
components: {
'my-phone': Phone,
'my-email': Email,
'my-user': User
}
})
</script>
</html>
部分保留组件状态:
* 定义组件添加 name属性,keep-alive 添加include 属性,记住不要加空格
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="type='my-phone'">手机号注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-email'">邮箱注册</button>
<button @click="type='my-user'">用户名注册</button>
<keep-alive include="phone,email">
<component :is="type"></component>
</keep-alive>
</div>
</body>
<template id="phone">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="手机号">
</div>
</template>
<template id="email">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="邮箱">
</div>
</template>
<template id="user">
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="用户名">
</div>
</template>
<script src="vue.js"></script>
<script>
const Phone = {
name: 'phone',
template: '#phone'
}
const Email = {
name: 'email',
template: '#email'
}
const User = {
name: 'user',
template: '#user'
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
type: 'my-phone'
},
components: {
'my-phone': Phone,
'my-email': Email,
'my-user': User
}
})
</script>
</html>
VUE脚手架安装操作:
cnpm i @vue/cli@3 -g
> vue create myapp
* 选择 Manually select features ----- 自选预设文件
* 选择 vue 项目的 东西 除了typesctipt 不选,其余都选 --- 选择用空格
* 选择应用的历史模式 Y
* 选择样式文件 sass/scss (with node-sass)
* 代码的校验规则 ESLint + Standard config
* Lint on save 保存检验代码格式
* 测试的模式 Mocha + Chai
* 运行模式 Cypress (Chrome only)
* 配置文件在哪里 In package.json
* 是否保存预设文件 y (以后直接一开始就选择预设文件,后续不需要自动选择)
长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海