-CMakeLists.txt
-main.cpp
-README.md
─out
    └─build
        └─x64-Debug
            │  dcmdata.dll
            │  oflog.dll
            │  ofstd.dll
            │  testapp.exe

其实只需要CMakeLists.txt和main.cpp就可以，Readme.md就是你看到的这篇文章，而out是我用VS生成的，最终的testapp.exe就是可执行文件，然后我们要把 dcmdata.dll和 oflog.dll和 ofstd.dll放到和可执行文件同一个目录。

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
PROJECT(testapp)

SET(DCMTK_INCLUDE_DIRS "D:\\Programs\\dcmtkdll\\include")
SET(DCMTK_LIBRARIES "D:\\Programs\\dcmtkdll\\lib")
SET(DCMTK_DIR "D:\\Programs\\dcmtkdll")
#an example: SET(DCMTK_DIR "C:\\Users\\test\\test_dcmtk\\DCMTK")
#set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS -std=c++11)
# settings for Microsoft Visual C++ 6
SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "/nologo /W3 /GX /Gy /YX")
SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "/MTd /Z7 /Od")
SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "/MT /O2")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "/nologo /W3 /GX /Gy /YX")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "/MTd /Z7 /Od")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "/MT /O2")

ADD_DEFINITIONS(-D_REENTRANT)

INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${DCMTK_DIR}/include)
LINK_DIRECTORIES(${DCMTK_DIR}/lib)

ADD_EXECUTABLE(testapp main.cpp)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(testapp netapi32 wsock32 ofstd dcmdata)
message("-------------\n")
message("${DCMTK_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
message("${DCMTK_LIBRARIES}")
message(STATUS "${DCMTK_FOUND}")
#message("${DCMTK_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
message("${DCMTK_DIR}")
message(STATUS "-------------\n")

main.cpp

// C++_Dicom_Sample.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

//#include "stdafx.h"
//C++中stdafx.h的英文全称为：standard application fram extend，中文名为：头文件预编译。
//
//stdafx.h在c++中起到的作用是：把C++工程中使用的MFC头文件预先编译，以后该工程编译时，直接使用预编译的结果，这样可以加快编译速度。

//#include "dcmtk/config/osconfig.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmdata/dctk.h"
#include <iostream>


bool ReadPatientName(DcmFileFormat& fileformat, std::string& filePath)
{
    OFCondition status = fileformat.loadFile(filePath.c_str());
    if (!status.good())
    {
        std::cout << "Load Dimcom File Error: " << status.text() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    OFString PatientName;
    status = fileformat.getDataset()->findAndGetOFString(DCM_PatientName, PatientName);
    if (status.good())
    {
        std::cout << "Get PatientName:" << PatientName << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Get PatientName Error:" << status.text() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool SavePatientName(DcmFileFormat& fileformat, std::string& filePath, const std::string& info)
{
    OFCondition status = fileformat.getDataset()->putAndInsertString(DCM_PatientName, info.c_str());
    if (status.good())
    {
        std::cout << "Save PatientName:" << info.c_str() << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Save PatientName Error: " << status.text() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    status = fileformat.saveFile(filePath.c_str());
    if (!status.good())
    {
        std::cout << "Save Dimcom File Error: " << status.text() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int main()
{
    DcmFileFormat dicomFileformat;

    std::string dicomFile = "image-00000.dcm";

    ReadPatientName(dicomFileformat, dicomFile);

    //SavePatientName(dicomFileformat, dicomFile, "John Snow");

    //ReadPatientName(dicomFileformat, dicomFile);

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}