linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

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cxxu 2022-06-14 15:09:00 ©著作权

文章标签 linux bash 运维搜索 sed 文章分类 运维

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文章目录

linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

ls -p 配合grep,仅显示目录
ls -p 配合多重`grep -v`,仅显示文件
可以配置别名

find

find示例

locate

相关使用案例

通用过滤工具grep以及其使用案例(by tldr&cheat&eg)

egrep 案例

linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

ls

ls+grep
该方案采用的是从全部列表中筛选的方式

例如,搜索当前目录下的名字包含thre 文件或者目录

#( 05/01/22@ 5:54PM )( cxxu@cxxuAli ):~/cppCodes@master✗✗✗
   ls -l |grep pthre
drwxrwxr-x  2 cxxu cxxu   4096 May  1 17:51 pthreads

ls -p 配合grep,仅显示目录

[How to List only Directories in Linux ls Command? (configserverfirewall.com)](https://www.configserverfirewall.com/linux-tutorials/list-only-directories-linux/#:~:text=The ls command which is used to list,will list directories under the current working directory.)
https://askubuntu.com/questions/811210/how-can-i-make-ls-only-display-files

cxxu@cxxuAli:~/cppCodes$ ls -p|grep pthre.*/
pthreads/
cxxu@cxxuAli:~/cppCodes$ ls -pl|grep pthre.*
drwxrwxr-x  2 cxxu cxxu   4096 May  1 17:51 pthrea.*/

ls -p 配合多重`grep -v`,仅显示文件

cxxu@cxxuAli:~/cppCodes$ ls -pl|grep -v '.*/'|grep pthre.*
-rw-rw-r--  1 cxxu cxxu      0 May  1 20:56 pthreaa

可以配置别名

不需要显示隐藏文件,那么可以去掉-a
反之,则为ls添加-a
是否显示详细信息,也可以通过添加/删除-l选项调整

alias lsdir="ls -lpa | grep '.*/'"

┌─[cxxu@CxxuWin11] - [/mnt/c/users/cxxu] - [2022-05-01 09:11:04]
└─[0] <> lsdir
drwxrwxrwx 1 cxxu cxxu     512 May  1 18:18 ./
dr-xr-xr-x 1 cxxu cxxu     512 Mar 31 14:45 ../
drwxrwxrwx 1 cxxu cxxu     512 Feb 20 14:12 AppData/
drwxrwxrwx 1 cxxu cxxu     512 Mar  4 10:44 aurora/
drwxrwxrwx 1 cxxu cxxu     512 Apr 25 09:08 .cheat/

alias lsfile="ls -pl|grep -v '.*/'"

find

专业的搜索工具
不仅可以模糊搜索,还可以根据时间/文件大小的属性来过滤搜索

例如,搜索当前目录下的名字包含thre 文件或者目录

#( 05/01/22@ 5:55PM )( cxxu@cxxuAli ):~/cppCodes@master✗✗✗
   find . -name *thre* 
./pthreads

find示例

find

  Find files or directories under the given directory tree, recursively.
  More information: https://manned.org/find.

  - Find files by extension:
    find root_path -name '*.ext'

  - Find files matching multiple path/name patterns:
    find root_path -path '**/path/**/*.ext' -or -name '*pattern*'

  - Find directories matching a given name, in case-insensitive mode:
    find root_path -type d -iname '*lib*'

  - Find files matching a given pattern, excluding specific paths:
    find root_path -name '*.py' -not -path '*/site-packages/*'

  - Find files matching a given size range:
    find root_path -size +500k -size -10M

  - Run a command for each file (use {} within the command to access the filename):
    find root_path -name '*.ext' -exec wc -l {} \;

  - Find files modified in the last 7 days and delete them:
    find root_path -daystart -mtime -7 -delete

  - Find empty (0 byte) files and delete them:
    find root_path -type f -empty -delete


# To find files by case-insensitive extension (ex: .jpg, .JPG, .jpG):
find . -iname "*.jpg"

# To find directories:
find . -type d

# To find files:
find . -type f

# To find files by octal permission:
find . -type f -perm 777

# To find files with setuid bit set:
find . -xdev \( -perm -4000 \) -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

# To find files with extension '.txt' and remove them:
find ./path/ -name '*.txt' -exec rm '{}' \;

# To find files with extension '.txt' and look for a string into them:
find ./path/ -name '*.txt' | xargs grep 'string'

# To find files with size bigger than 5 Mebibyte and sort them by size:
find . -size +5M -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -Ssh | sort -z

# To find files bigger than 2 Megabyte and list them:
find . -type f -size +200000000c -exec ls -lh {} \; | awk '{ print $9 ": " $5 }'

# To find files modified more than 7 days ago and list file information:
find . -type f -mtime +7d -ls

# To find symlinks owned by a user and list file information:
find . -type l -user <username-or-userid> -ls

# To search for and delete empty directories:
find . -type d -empty -exec rmdir {} \;

# To search for directories named build at a max depth of 2 directories:
find . -maxdepth 2 -name build -type d

# To search all files who are not in .git directory:
find . ! -iwholename '*.git*' -type f

# To find all files that have the same node (hard link) as MY_FILE_HERE:
find . -type f -samefile MY_FILE_HERE 2>/dev/null

# To find all files in the current directory and modify their permissions:
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

locate

linux界的everthing
全盘搜索(除了特殊目录)
使用前建议手动更新以下数据库,以便能够检索最近变化的文件
sudo updatedb
使用注意:
Not all files get included in the database used bylocate.
Only those that can be seen by the world (i.e. those files where every parent directory has the
world permission set to readable). F
or this reason it is most reliably used to find system files.

通用过滤工具grep以及其使用案例(by tldr&cheat&eg)

grep

  Find patterns in files using regular expressions.
  More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html.

  - Search for a pattern within a file:
    grep "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Search for an exact string (disables regular expressions):
    grep --fixed-strings "exact_string" path/to/file

  - Search for a pattern in all files recursively in a directory, showing line numbers of matches, ignoring binary files:
    grep --recursive --line-number --binary-files=without-match "search_pattern" path/to/directory

  - Use extended regular expressions (supports ?, +, {}, () and |), in case-insensitive mode:
    grep --extended-regexp --ignore-case "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Print 3 lines of context around, before, or after each match:
    grep --context|before-context|after-context=3 "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Print file name and line number for each match:
    grep --with-filename --line-number "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Search for lines matching a pattern, printing only the matched text:
    grep --only-matching "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Search stdin for lines that do not match a pattern:
    cat path/to/file | grep --invert-match "search_pattern"


# To search a file for a pattern:
grep <pattern> <file>

# To perform a case-insensitive search (with line numbers):
grep -in <pattern> <file>

# To recursively grep for string <pattern> in <dir>:
grep -R <pattern> <dir>

# Read search patterns from a file (one per line):
grep -f <pattern-file> <file>

# Find lines NOT containing pattern:
grep -v <pattern> <file>

# Set how many lines to show before (-B) and after (-A) pattern:
grep -B 3 -A 2 <pattern> <file>

# To grep with regular expressions:
grep "^00" <file>                                               # Match lines starting with 00
grep -E "[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}" <file> # Find IP add

# To find all files that match <pattern> in <dir>
grep -rnw <dir> -e <pattern>

# To exclude grep from your grepped output of ps:
# (Add [] to the first letter. Ex: sshd -> [s]shd)
ps aux | grep '[h]ttpd'

# Colour in red {bash} and keep all other lines
ps aux | grep -E --color 'bash|$'

# grep

print all lines containing foo in input.txt

    grep "foo" input.txt


print all lines matching the regex "^start" in input.txt

    grep -e "^start" input.txt


print all lines containing bar by recursively searching a directory

    grep -r "bar" directory


print all lines containing bar ignoring case

    grep -i "bAr" input.txt


print 3 lines of context before and after each line matching "foo"

    grep -C 3 "foo" input.txt



# Basic Usage

Search each line in `input_file` for a match against `pattern` and print
matching lines:

    grep "<pattern>" <input_file>



# Find Lines NOT Matching

Print lines that do NOT match a pattern by using the `-v` flag. This will print
all lines that do NOT contain a z (`-v "z"`):

    grep -v "z" input.txt



# Print File Names

Show only the file names containing matches, rather than the matching lines
themselves, by using the `-l` flag:

    grep -r -l "target_pattern" directory


Show only the file names that do NOT contain matches by using the `-L` flag:

    grep -r -L "unwanted_pattern" directory



# Regular Expressions and `egrep`

Regular expressions can be passed to `grep` using the `-e` flag. `egrep` is
equivalent to using the `-e` flag.

The following file is used in the examples:

    $ cat input.txt
    1 2 3
    omega
    alpha foo
    alpha bar
    baz omega
    4 5 6


Match lines beginning (`^`) with `alpha` (`^alpha`):

    $ grep -e "^alpha" input.txt
    alpha foo
    alpha bar


Match lines ending (`$`) with `omega` (`omega$`):

    $ grep -e "omega$" input.txt
    omega
    baz omega


Match any line containing `a` and `o` separated by 0 or more characters (`.*`):

    $ grep -e "a.*o" input.txt
    alpha foo
    baz omega


Match any line containing `z` or `f` (`[zf]`):

    $ grep -e "[zf]" input.txt
    alpha foo
    baz omega


Match any line containing `hello` or `world`:

    $ grep "hello\|world" input.txt
    hello alpha
    omega world


Match all lines with lower case or capital letters a through z (`[a-zA-Z]`):

    $ grep -e "[a-zA-Z]" input.txt
    omega
    alpha foo
    alpha bar
    baz omega


Match all lines containing numbers (`[0-9]`):

    $ grep -e "[0-9]" input.txt
    1 2 3
    4 5 6


Match all lines containing white space (`[[:space:]]`):

    $ grep -e "[[:space:]]" input.txt
    1 2 3
    alpha foo
    alpha bar
    baz omega
    4 5 6


# Fixed Expressions and `fgrep`

`fgrep` is faster than `grep` and `egrep` but only accepts fixed expressions.
This will match lines containing the exact sequence `.*` (`'.*'`). Quoting is
used to prevent shell expansion of the wildcard `*` character:

    fgrep '.*' input.txt



# Searching Compressed Files

`zgrep`, `zegrep`, and `zfgrep` act exactly like `grep`, `egrep`, and `fgrep`,
but they operate on compressed and gzipped files. The same examples shown above
will function with the `z*grep` utilities.

egrep 案例

┌─[cxxu@CxxuWin11] - [~/.config/cheat] - [2022-05-01 08:52:01]
└─[0] <> egs egrep

  egrep

  Find patterns in files using extended regular expression (supports ?, +, {}, () and |).
  More information: https://manned.org/egrep.

  - Search for a pattern within a file:
    egrep "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Search for a pattern within multiple files:
    egrep "search_pattern" path/to/file1 path/to/file2 path/to/file3

  - Search stdin for a pattern:
    cat path/to/file | egrep search_pattern

  - Print file name and line number for each match:
    egrep --with-filename --line-number "search_pattern" path/to/file

  - Search for a pattern in all files recursively in a directory, ignoring binary files:
    egrep --recursive --binary-files=without-match "search_pattern" path/to/directory

  - Search for lines that do not match a pattern:
    egrep --invert-match "search_pattern" path/to/file

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linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

文章目录

linux_file_search:文件/目录搜索:find/ls/locate/grep使用案例:ls+grep/find -type -maxdepth仅显示文件/仅显示目录

ls

ls -p 配合grep,仅显示目录

ls -p 配合多重​​grep -v​​,仅显示文件

可以配置别名

find

find示例

locate

相关使用案例

通用过滤工具grep以及其使用案例(by tldr&cheat&eg)

egrep 案例

51CTO博客

ls -p 配合多重`grep -v`,仅显示文件