Linux环境下配置vscode的C/C++编译环境

操作系统环境：  Linux

配置vscode的C/C++编译环境需要安装插件：

本文的配置是指在linux下不使用vscode插件中自动配置，而是采用手动编写配置文件。主要原因是插件自动生成的C/C++配置文件功能不全面，为了更好的适应C/C++的语言特性、编写功能更强大的C/C++语言，所以采用手动编写配置文件。

=======================================================

VSCODE中C/C++配置需要最少两个文件：   

  .vscode/task.json     

  .vscode/launch.json

本文中demo的C语言代码：

mainX.c

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
    int a=0;
    a++;
    a+=2;
    a-=3;
    printf("a=%d\n",a);
    return;
}

运行结果：

===========================================================

  .vscode/task.json     为C/C++项目配置编译条件：

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件",
            "command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

"command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7",     指定c/c++编译器路径

"args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111"
            ],

 “arg”  参数中“-g” 表示编译生成的可执行文件带有调试信息，我们一般习惯在该参数后指定需要编译的源文件，其中${file}指的是当前打开的当前文件，这里我们也可以改写该文件名，不然的话每次编译都要保证当前打开的文件是需要编译的文件，这里只的需要编译的文件是指 main 函数所在的文件。

“-o” 是指编译后的文件存储地址和文件名，${fileDirname}指的是当前打开文件所在的目录， ${fileBasenameNoExtension}指的是当前打开文件的不带扩展名后的文件名，这里我们为了区别名称使用  ${fileBasenameNoExtension}111  意味着编译后的文件名为  mainX111  。

"cwd": "${fileDirname}"  ，  “cwd” 指定当前目录

===================================================== 

  .vscode/launch.json     为C/C++项目配置运行条件：

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "gcc-7 - 生成和调试活动文件",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}111",             "program"指定需要执行的文件路径

"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件",                                   "preLaunchTask" 指定运行编译好文件前需要执行的任务

需要注意的是    "preLaunchTask"  中的值   "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件"  需要和 task.json 中的"label" 值 "C/C++: gcc-7 生成活动文件"保持一致，否则的话运行编译后的文件前会找不到需要执行编译的配置信息。

========================================================

 .vscode/task.json 

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "build task",
            "command": "/usr/bin/gcc-7",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

 .vscode/launch.json

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "gcc-7 - 生成和调试活动文件",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
        "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "build task",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

 =============================================================

参考资料：

​​https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/variables-reference​​

Predefined variables​
​

The following predefined variables are supported:

• ${workspaceFolder} - the path of the folder opened in VS Code
• ${workspaceFolderBasename} - the name of the folder opened in VS Code without any slashes (/)
• ${file} - the current opened file
• ${fileWorkspaceFolder} - the current opened file's workspace folder
• ${relativeFile} - the current opened file relative to​​workspaceFolder​​
• ${relativeFileDirname} - the current opened file's dirname relative to​​workspaceFolder​​
• ${fileBasename} - the current opened file's basename
• ${fileBasenameNoExtension} - the current opened file's basename with no file extension
• ${fileDirname} - the current opened file's dirname
• ${fileExtname} - the current opened file's extension
• ${cwd} - the task runner's current working directory on startup
• ${lineNumber} - the current selected line number in the active file
• ${selectedText} - the current selected text in the active file
• ${execPath} - the path to the running VS Code executable
• ${defaultBuildTask} - the name of the default build task
• ${pathSeparator} - the character used by the operating system to separate components in file paths