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目录

1. 函数介绍

1.1 strlen

1.2 strcpy

 1.3 strcat

1.4 strcmp

1.5 strncpy

1.6 strncat

 1.7 strncmp

 1.8 strstr

1.9 strtok


1. 函数介绍

1.1 strlen

size_t strlen ( const char * str );

  • 字符串已经 '\0' 作为结束标志,strlen函数返回的是在字符串中 '\0' 前面出现的字符个数(不包 含 '\0' )。
  • 参数指向的字符串必须要以 '\0' 结束。
  • 注意函数的返回值为size_t,是无符号的( 易错 )
  • 学会strlen函数的模拟实现 

注:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 const char*str1 = "abcdef";
 const char*str2 = "bbb";
 if(strlen(str2)-strlen(str1)>0)
 {
 printf("str2>str1\n");
 } 
 else
 {
 printf("srt1>str2\n");
 }
 return 0;
}

1.2 strcpy

char* strcpy(char * destination, const char * source );

  •  Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed by destination, including the terminating null character (and stopping at that point).
  • 源字符串必须以 '\0' 结束。
  • 会将源字符串中的 '\0' 拷贝到目标空间。
  • 目标空间必须足够大,以确保能存放源字符串。
  • 目标空间必须可变。 学会模拟实现。

 1.3 strcat

char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source );

  • Appends a copy of the source string to the destination string. The terminating null character in destination is overwritten by the first character of source, and a null-character is included at the end of the new string formed by the concatenation of both in destination.
  • 源字符串必须以 '\0' 结束。
  • 目标空间必须有足够的大,能容纳下源字符串的内容。
  • 目标空间必须可修改。 字符串自己给自己追加,如何? 

1.4 strcmp

 int strcmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );

  •  This function starts comparing the first character of each string. If they are equal to each other, it continues with the following pairs until the characters differ or until a terminating null-character is reached.
  • 标准规定:
  • 第一个字符串大于第二个字符串,则返回大于0的数字
  • 第一个字符串等于第二个字符串,则返回0 第一个字符串小于第二个字符串,则返回小于0的数字
  • 那么如何判断两个字符串?

1.5 strncpy

char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num ); 

  •  Copies the first num characters of source to destination. If the end of the source C string (which is signaled by a null-character) is found before num characters have been copied, destination is padded with zeros until a total of num characters have been written to it.
  • 拷贝num个字符从源字符串到目标空间。
  • 如果源字符串的长度小于num,则拷贝完源字符串之后,在目标的后边追加0,直到num个

1.6 strncat

char * strncat ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num ); 

  • Appends the first num characters of source to destination, plus a terminating null-character.
  • If the length of the C string in source is less than num, only the content up to the terminating null-character is copied. 
/* strncat example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
 char str1[20];
 char str2[20];
 strcpy (str1,"To be ");
 strcpy (str2,"or not to be");
 strncat (str1, str2, 6);
 puts (str1);
 return 0;
}

 1.7 strncmp

int strncmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2, size_t num );

比较到出现另个字符不一样或者一个字符串结束或者num个字符全部比较完

C语言——字符函数和字符串函数(上)_分隔符

/* strncmp example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
  char str[][5] = { "R2D2" , "C3PO" , "R2A6" };
  int n;
  puts ("Looking for R2 astromech droids...");
  for (n=0 ; n<3 ; n++)
  if (strncmp (str[n],"R2xx",2) == 0)
 {
    printf ("found %s\n",str[n]);
 }
  return 0;
}

 1.8 strstr

char * strstr ( const char *str1, const char * str2);

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of str2 in str1, or a null pointer if str2 is not part of str1.

/* strstr example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
  char str[] ="This is a simple string";
  char * pch;
  pch = strstr (str,"simple");
  strncpy (pch,"sample",6);
  puts (str);
  return 0;
}

1.9 strtok

  • sep参数是个字符串,定义了用作分隔符的字符集合
  • 第一个参数指定一个字符串,它包含了0个或者多个由sep字符串中一个或者多个分隔符分割的标 记
  • strtok函数找到str中的下一个标记,并将其用 \0 结尾,返回一个指向这个标记的指针。(注: strtok函数会改变被操作的字符串,所以在使用strtok函数切分的字符串一般都是临时拷贝的内容 并且可修改。)
  • strtok函数的第一个参数不为 NULL ,函数将找到str中第一个标记,strtok函数将保存它在字符串 中的位置。
  • strtok函数的第一个参数为 NULL ,函数将在同一个字符串中被保存的位置开始,查找下一个标 记。 如果字符串中不存在更多的标记,则返回 NULL 指针。
/* strtok example */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
  char str[] ="- This, a sample string.";
  char * pch;
  printf ("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n",str);
  pch = strtok (str," ,.-");
  while (pch != NULL)
 {
    printf ("%s\n",pch);
    pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-");
 }
  return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
   char *p = "zhangpengwei@bitedu.tech";
 const char* sep = ".@";
 char arr[30];
 char *str = NULL;
 strcpy(arr, p);//将数据拷贝一份,处理arr数组的内容
 for(str=strtok(arr, sep); str != NULL; str=strtok(NULL, sep))
 {
 printf("%s\n", str);
 }
}