项目中使用 LocalDateTime 系列作为 DTO 中时间的数据类型,但是 SpringMVC 收到参数后总报错,为了配置全局时间类型转换,尝试了如下处理方式。注:本文基于 Springboot2.x 测试,如果无法生效可能是 spring 版本较低导致的。PS:如果你的 Controller 中的 LocalDate 类型的参数啥注解(RequestParam、PathVariable 等)都没加,也是会出错的,因为默认情况下,解析这种参数是使用 ModelAttributeMethodProcessor 进行处理,而这个处理器要通过反射实例化一个对象出来,然后再对对象中的各个参数进行 convert,但是 LocalDate 类没有构造函数,无法反射实例化因此会报错!!!

完成目标

  • 请求入参为 String(指定格式)转 Date,支持 get、post(content-type=application/json)
  • 返回数据为 Date 类型转为指定的日期时间格式字符创
  • 支持 Java8 日期 API,如:LocalTime、localDate 和 LocalDateTime

GET 请求及 POST 表单日期时间字符串格式转换

这种情况要和时间作为 Json 字符串时区别对待,因为前端 json 转后端 pojo 底层使用的是 Json 序列化 Jackson 工具(HttpMessgeConverter);而时间字符串作为普通请求参数传入时,转换用的是 Converter,两者在处理方式上是有区别。

使用自定义参数转换器(Converter) 实现 org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter,自定义参数转换器,如下:

@Configuration
public class DateConverterConfig {
    @Bean
    public Converter localDateConverter() {
       return new Converter() {@Overridepublic LocalDate convert(String source) {return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
            }
        };
    }@Beanpublic Converter localDateTimeConverter() {return new Converter() {@Overridepublic LocalDateTime convert(String source) {return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
            }
        };
    }
}
@Configuration
public class DateConverterConfig {
    @Bean
    public Converter localDateConverter() {
       return new Converter() {@Overridepublic LocalDate convert(String source) {return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
            }
        };
    }@Beanpublic Converter localDateTimeConverter() {return new Converter() {@Overridepublic LocalDateTime convert(String source) {return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
            }
        };
    }
}

点评:以上两个 bean 会注入到 spring mvc 的参数解析器(好像叫做 ParameterConversionService),当传入的字符串要转为 LocalDateTime 类时,spring 会调用该 Converter 对这个入参进行转换。

注意:关于自定义的参数转换器 Converter,这里我遇到了一个坑,我再这里详细记录下,本来我的想法是为了代码精简,将上面匿名内部类的写法精简成 lambda 表达式的方式:

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
public Converter localDateConverter() {
    return source -> LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));
}

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
public Converter localDateConverter() {
    return source -> LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));
}

当我再次启动项目时却出现了异常:

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to determine source type  and target type  for your Converter [com.example.demo126.config.MappingConverterAdapter$$Lambda$522/817994751]; does the class parameterize those types?
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unable to determine source type  and target type  for your Converter [com.example.demo126.config.MappingConverterAdapter$$Lambda$522/817994751]; does the class parameterize those types?

百思不得其解,在查阅了资料才得知一二:

web 项目启动注册 requestMappingHandlerAdapter 的时候会初始化 WebBindingInitializer

adapter.setWebBindingInitializer(getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer());

adapter.setWebBindingInitializer(getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer());

而 ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer 需要 FormattingConversionService, 而 FormattingConversionService 会将所有的 Converter 添加进来,添加的时候需要获取泛型信息:

@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
    for (Converter, ?> converter : getBeansOfType(Converter.class)) {
       registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (GenericConverter converter : getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class)) {
       registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (Formatter> formatter : getBeansOfType(Formatter.class)) {
       registry.addFormatter(formatter);
    }
}

@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
    for (Converter, ?> converter : getBeansOfType(Converter.class)) {
       registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (GenericConverter converter : getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class)) {
       registry.addConverter(converter);
    }
    for (Formatter> formatter : getBeansOfType(Formatter.class)) {
       registry.addFormatter(formatter);
    }
}

添加 Converter.class 一般是通过接口获取两个泛型的具体类型

public ResolvableType as(Class> type) {
    if (this == NONE) {
      return NONE;
    }
    Class> resolved = resolve();
    if (resolved == null || resolved == type) {
      return this;
    }
    for (ResolvableType interfaceType : getInterfaces()) {
      ResolvableType interfaceAsType = interfaceType.as(type);
      if (interfaceAsType != NONE) {
        return interfaceAsType;
      }
    }
    return getSuperType().as(type);
}

public ResolvableType as(Class> type) {
    if (this == NONE) {
      return NONE;
    }
    Class> resolved = resolve();
    if (resolved == null || resolved == type) {
      return this;
    }
    for (ResolvableType interfaceType : getInterfaces()) {
      ResolvableType interfaceAsType = interfaceType.as(type);
      if (interfaceAsType != NONE) {
        return interfaceAsType;
      }
    }
    return getSuperType().as(type);
}

Lambda 表达式的接口是 Converter,并不能得到具体的类型,在窥探了 SpringMVC 源码后才得知原来如此,既然指导了原因,那解决办法:

最简单的方法就是不适用 Lambda 表达式,还是老老实实的使用匿名内部类,这样就不会存在上述问题

或者就是等 requestMappingHandlerAdapterbean 注册完成之后再添加自己的 converter 就不会注册到 FormattingConversionService 中

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {
  return source -> LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeUtils.DEFAULT_FORMATTER);
}

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {
  return source -> LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeUtils.DEFAULT_FORMATTER);
}

还可以对前端传递的 string 进行正则匹配,如 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss、yyyy-MM-dd、 HH:mm:ss 等,进行匹配。以适应多种场景。

@Component
public class DateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
    @Override
    public Date convert(String value) {
        /**
         * 可对value进行正则匹配,支持日期、时间等多种类型转换
         * 这里我偷个懒,在匹配Date日期格式时直接使用了 hutool 为我们已经写好的解析工具类,这里就不重复造轮子了
         * cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil
         * @param value
         * @return
         */
        return DateUtil.parse(value.trim());
    }
}

@Component
public class DateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
    @Override
    public Date convert(String value) {
        /**
         * 可对value进行正则匹配,支持日期、时间等多种类型转换
         * 这里我偷个懒,在匹配Date日期格式时直接使用了 hutool 为我们已经写好的解析工具类,这里就不重复造轮子了
         * cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil
         * @param value
         * @return
         */
        return DateUtil.parse(value.trim());
    }
}

注:这里我偷个懒,在匹配 Date 日期格式时直接使用了 hutool 为我们已经写好的解析工具类,这里就不重复造轮子了,下面的方法同样使用了该工具类,想要在自己的项目中使用该工具类也很简单,在项目 pom 文件中引入 hutool 的依赖就可以了,如下:

<dependency>
  <groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId>
  <artifactId>hutool-allartifactId>
  <version>5.1.3version>
dependency>


<dependency>
  <groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId>
  <artifactId>hutool-allartifactId>
  <version>5.1.3version>
dependency>

使用 Spring 注解

使用 spring 自带注解 @DateTimeFormat (pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd"),如下:

@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date startDate;

@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date startDate;

如果使用了自定义参数转化器,Spring 会优先使用该方式进行处理,即 Spring 注解不生效。

使用 ControllerAdvice 配合 initBinder

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @InitBinder
    protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
            }
        });
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
            }
        });
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));
            }
        });
    }
}

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @InitBinder
    protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
            }
        });
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
            }
        });
        binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {
            @Override
            public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));
            }
        });
    }
}

从名字就可以看出来,这是在 controller 做环切(这里面还可以全局异常捕获),在参数进入 handler 之前进行转换;转换为我们相应的对象。

JSON 入参及返回值全局处理

请求类型为:post,content-type=application/json, 后台用 @RequestBody 接收,默认接收及返回值格式为:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

修改 application.yml 文件

在 application.propertities 文件中增加如下内容:

spring:
 jackson:
  date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
  time-zone: GMT+8

spring:
 jackson:
  date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
  time-zone: GMT+8
  • 支持(content-type=application/json)请求中格式为 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 的字符串,后台用 @RequestBody 接收,及返回值 date 转为 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 格式 string;
  • 不支持(content-type=application/json)请求中 yyyy-MM-dd 等类型的字符串转为 date;
  • 不支持 java8 日期 api;

利用 Jackson 的 JSON 序列化和反序列化

@Configuration
public class JacksonConfig {

    /** 默认日期时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    /** 默认日期格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 默认时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

    @Bean
    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {
        MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // 忽略json字符串中不识别的属性
        objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        // 忽略无法转换的对象 
        objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
        // PrettyPrinter 格式化输出
        objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
        // NULL不参与序列化
        objectMapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);

        // 指定时区
        objectMapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8:00"));
        // 日期类型字符串处理
        objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));

        // java8日期日期处理
        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);

        converter.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
        return converter;
    }
}

@Configuration
public class JacksonConfig {

    /** 默认日期时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    /** 默认日期格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 默认时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

    @Bean
    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {
        MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // 忽略json字符串中不识别的属性
        objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
        // 忽略无法转换的对象 
        objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS, false);
        // PrettyPrinter 格式化输出
        objectMapper.configure(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT, true);
        // NULL不参与序列化
        objectMapper.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);

        // 指定时区
        objectMapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8:00"));
        // 日期类型字符串处理
        objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));

        // java8日期日期处理
        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);

        converter.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
        return converter;
    }
}

总结:

  • 支持(content-type=application/json)请求中格式为 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 的字符串,后台用 @RequestBody 接收,及返回值 Date 转为 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 格式 String;
  • 支持 java8 日期 api;
  • 不支持(content-type=application/json)请求中 yyyy-MM-dd 等类型的字符串转为 Date;

以上两种方式为 JSON 入参的全局化处理,推荐使用方式二,尤其适合大型项目在基础包中全局设置。

JSON 入参及返回值局部差异化处理

场景:假如全局日期时间处理格式为:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,但是某个字段要求接收或返回日期 yyyy-MM-dd。

方式一

使用 springboot 自带的注解 @JsonFormat (pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd"),如下所示:

@JsonFormat (pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd", timezone="GMT+8") private Date releaseDate; 点评:springboot 默认提供,功能强大,满足常见场景使用,并可指定时区。

方式二

自定义日期序列化与反序列化,如下所示:

/**
 * 日期序列化
 */
public class DateJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Date> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        jsonGenerator.writeString(dateFormat.format(date));
    }
}

/**
 * 日期反序列化
 */
public class DateJsonDeserializer extends JsonDeserializer<Date> {
    @Override
    public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException {
        try {
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            return dateFormat.parse(jsonParser.getText());
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 使用方式
 */
@JsonSerialize(using = DateJsonSerializer.class)
@JsonDeserialize(using = DateJsonDeserializer.class)
private Date releaseDate;
复制代码日期时间格式化处理方式完整配置
@Configuration
public class DateHandlerConfig {

    /** 默认日期时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    /** 默认日期格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 默认时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

    /**
     * LocalDate转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     * `@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")`: 等requestMappingHandlerAdapter bean注册完成之后
     * 再添加自己的`converter`就不会注册到`FormattingConversionService`中
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localDateConverter() {
        return source -> LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * LocalDateTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {
        return source -> LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * LocalTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localTimeConverter() {
        return source -> LocalTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Date转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     * 这里关于解析各种格式的日期格式采用了 hutool 的日期解析工具类
     */
    @Bean
    public Converter dateConverter() {
        return new Converter() {@Overridepublic Date convert(String source) {return DateUtil.parse(source.trim());
            }
        };
    }/**
     * Json序列化和反序列化转换器,用于转换Post请求体中的json以及将我们的对象序列化为返回响应的json
     */@Beanpublic ObjectMapper objectMapper(){
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
        objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);//LocalDateTime系列序列化和反序列化模块,继承自jsr310,我们在这里修改了日期格式
        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));//Date序列化和反序列化
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(Date.class, new JsonSerializer<>() {@Overridepublic void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
                SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                String formattedDate = formatter.format(date);
                jsonGenerator.writeString(formattedDate);
            }
        });
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<>() {@Overridepublic Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                String date = jsonParser.getText();try {return format.parse(date);
                } catch (ParseException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        });
        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);return objectMapper;
    }
}
/**
 * 日期序列化
 */
public class DateJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer<Date> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        jsonGenerator.writeString(dateFormat.format(date));
    }
}

/**
 * 日期反序列化
 */
public class DateJsonDeserializer extends JsonDeserializer<Date> {
    @Override
    public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException {
        try {
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            return dateFormat.parse(jsonParser.getText());
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 使用方式
 */
@JsonSerialize(using = DateJsonSerializer.class)
@JsonDeserialize(using = DateJsonDeserializer.class)
private Date releaseDate;
复制代码日期时间格式化处理方式完整配置
@Configuration
public class DateHandlerConfig {

    /** 默认日期时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    /** 默认日期格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";
    /** 默认时间格式 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

    /**
     * LocalDate转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     * `@ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")`: 等requestMappingHandlerAdapter bean注册完成之后
     * 再添加自己的`converter`就不会注册到`FormattingConversionService`中
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localDateConverter() {
        return source -> LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * LocalDateTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {
        return source -> LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * LocalTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnBean(name = "requestMappingHandlerAdapter")
    public Converter localTimeConverter() {
        return source -> LocalTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Date转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数
     * 这里关于解析各种格式的日期格式采用了 hutool 的日期解析工具类
     */
    @Bean
    public Converter dateConverter() {
        return new Converter() {@Overridepublic Date convert(String source) {return DateUtil.parse(source.trim());
            }
        };
    }/**
     * Json序列化和反序列化转换器,用于转换Post请求体中的json以及将我们的对象序列化为返回响应的json
     */@Beanpublic ObjectMapper objectMapper(){
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
        objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);//LocalDateTime系列序列化和反序列化模块,继承自jsr310,我们在这里修改了日期格式
        JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));//Date序列化和反序列化
        javaTimeModule.addSerializer(Date.class, new JsonSerializer<>() {@Overridepublic void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
                SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                String formattedDate = formatter.format(date);
                jsonGenerator.writeString(formattedDate);
            }
        });
        javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<>() {@Overridepublic Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);
                String date = jsonParser.getText();try {return format.parse(date);
                } catch (ParseException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        });
        objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);return objectMapper;
    }
}

扩充源码:深入研究 SpringMVC 数据绑定过程

接下来进入 debug 模式,看看 mvc 是如何将我们 request 中的参数绑定到我们 controller 层方法入参的;

写一个简单 controller,打个断点看看方法调用栈:

@GetMapping("/getDate")
public LocalDateTime getDate(@RequestParam LocalDate date,
                             @RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime,
                             @RequestParam Date originalDate) {
    System.out.println(date);
    System.out.println(dateTime);
    System.out.println(originalDate);
    return LocalDateTime.now();
}

@GetMapping("/getDate")
public LocalDateTime getDate(@RequestParam LocalDate date,
                             @RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime,
                             @RequestParam Date originalDate) {
    System.out.println(date);
    System.out.println(dateTime);
    System.out.println(originalDate);
    return LocalDateTime.now();
}

调用接口以后,我们看下方法调用栈中一些关键方法:

//进入DispatcherServlet
doService:942, DispatcherServlet
//处理请求
doDispatch:1038, DispatcherServlet
//生成调用链(前处理、实际调用方法、后处理)
handle:87, AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
//反射获取到实际调用方法,准备开始调用
invokeHandlerMethod:895, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
invokeAndHandle:102, ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
//这里是关键,参数从这里开始获取到
invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod
doInvoke:215, InvocableHandlerMethod
//这个是Java reflect调用,因此一定是在这之前获取到的参数
invoke:566, Method

//进入DispatcherServlet
doService:942, DispatcherServlet
//处理请求
doDispatch:1038, DispatcherServlet
//生成调用链(前处理、实际调用方法、后处理)
handle:87, AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
//反射获取到实际调用方法,准备开始调用
invokeHandlerMethod:895, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
invokeAndHandle:102, ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
//这里是关键,参数从这里开始获取到
invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod
doInvoke:215, InvocableHandlerMethod
//这个是Java reflect调用,因此一定是在这之前获取到的参数
invoke:566, Method

根据上述分析,发现 invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod 这里的代码是用来拿到实际参数的:

@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
        Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
    //这个方法是获取参数的,在这里下个断
    Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
    }
    //这里开始调用方法
    return doInvoke(args);
}

@Nullable
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
        Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
    //这个方法是获取参数的,在这里下个断
    Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
    }
    //这里开始调用方法
    return doInvoke(args);
}

进入这个方法看看是什么操作:

protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
    //获取方法参数数组,包含了入参信息,比如类型、泛型等等
    MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
    //这个用来存放一会从request parameter转换的参数
    Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
    for (int i = 0; i       MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
      parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
      //这里看起来没啥卵用(providedArgs为空)
      args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
      //这里开始获取到方法实际调用的参数,步进
      if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
        //从名字就看出来:参数解析器解析参数
        args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
        continue;
      }
    }
    return args;
}

protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
    //获取方法参数数组,包含了入参信息,比如类型、泛型等等
    MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
    //这个用来存放一会从request parameter转换的参数
    Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
    for (int i = 0; i       MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
      parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
      //这里看起来没啥卵用(providedArgs为空)
      args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
      //这里开始获取到方法实际调用的参数,步进
      if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
        //从名字就看出来:参数解析器解析参数
        args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
        continue;
      }
    }
    return args;
}

进入 resolveArgument 看看:

public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                              NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
  //根据方法入参,获取对应的解析器
  HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);
  //开始解析参数(把请求中的parameter转为方法的入参)
  return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);
}
复制代码这里根据参数获取相应的参数解析器,看看内部如何获取的:
//遍历,调用supportParameter方法,跟进看看
for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver methodArgumentResolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
  if (methodArgumentResolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
    result = methodArgumentResolver;
    this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
    break;
  }
}

public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                              NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
  //根据方法入参,获取对应的解析器
  HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);
  //开始解析参数(把请求中的parameter转为方法的入参)
  return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);
}
复制代码这里根据参数获取相应的参数解析器,看看内部如何获取的:
//遍历,调用supportParameter方法,跟进看看
for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver methodArgumentResolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
  if (methodArgumentResolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
    result = methodArgumentResolver;
    this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
    break;
  }
}

这里,遍历参数解析器,查找有没有适合的解析器!那么,有哪些参数解析器呢 (我测试的时候有 26 个)???我列出几个重要的看看,是不是很眼熟!!!

{RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver@7686}
{PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver@8359}
{RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor@8366}
{RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver@8367}

{RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver@7686}
{PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver@8359}
{RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor@8366}
{RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver@8367}

我们进入最常用的一个解析器看看他的 supportsParameter 方法,发现就是通过参数注解来获取相应的解析器的。

public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
    //如果参数拥有注解@RequestParam,则走这个分支(知道为什么上文要对RequestParam和Json两种数据区别对待了把)
    if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {
        //这个似乎是对Optional类型的参数进行处理的
        if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.nestedIfOptional().getNestedParameterType())) {
            RequestParam requestParam = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class);
            return (requestParam != null && StringUtils.hasText(requestParam.name()));
        }
        else {
            return true;
        }
    }
    //......
}

public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
    //如果参数拥有注解@RequestParam,则走这个分支(知道为什么上文要对RequestParam和Json两种数据区别对待了把)
    if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {
        //这个似乎是对Optional类型的参数进行处理的
        if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.nestedIfOptional().getNestedParameterType())) {
            RequestParam requestParam = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class);
            return (requestParam != null && StringUtils.hasText(requestParam.name()));
        }
        else {
            return true;
        }
    }
    //......
}

也就是说,对于 @RequestParam 和 @RequestBody 以及 @PathVariable 注解的参数,SpringMVC 会使用不同的参数解析器进行数据绑定!

那么,这三种解析器分别使用什么 Converter 解析参数呢?我们分别进入三种解析器看一看:

首先看下 RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver 发现内部使用 WebDataBinder 进行数据绑定,底层使用的是 ConversionService (也就是我们的 Converter 注入的地方)

WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, namedValueInfo.name);
//通过DataBinder进行数据绑定的
arg = binder.convertIfNecessary(arg, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);

WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, namedValueInfo.name);
//通过DataBinder进行数据绑定的
arg = binder.convertIfNecessary(arg, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
//跟进convertIfNecessary()
public  T convertIfNecessary(@Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class requiredType,
                                @Nullable MethodParameter methodParam) throws TypeMismatchException {return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(value, requiredType, methodParam);
}
//跟进convertIfNecessary()
public  T convertIfNecessary(@Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class requiredType,
                                @Nullable MethodParameter methodParam) throws TypeMismatchException {return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(value, requiredType, methodParam);
}
//继续跟进,看到了把
ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();
if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {
  TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);
  if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {
    try {
      return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);
    }
    catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {
      // fallback to default conversion logic below
      conversionAttemptEx = ex;
    }
  }
}

//继续跟进,看到了把
ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();
if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {
  TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);
  if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {
    try {
      return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);
    }
    catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {
      // fallback to default conversion logic below
      conversionAttemptEx = ex;
    }
  }
}

然后看下 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 发现使用的转换器是 HttpMessageConverter 类型的:

//resolveArgument方法内部调用下面进行参数解析
Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());

//step into readWithMessageConverters(),我们看到这里的Converter是HttpMessageConverter
for (HttpMessageConverter> converter : this.messageConverters) {
  Class> converterType = (Class>) converter.getClass();
  GenericHttpMessageConverter> genericConverter =
    (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter>) converter : null);if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
      (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {if (message.hasBody()) {
      HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
        getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
      body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
              ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
      body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }else {
      body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }break;
  }
}
//resolveArgument方法内部调用下面进行参数解析
Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());

//step into readWithMessageConverters(),我们看到这里的Converter是HttpMessageConverter
for (HttpMessageConverter> converter : this.messageConverters) {
  Class> converterType = (Class>) converter.getClass();
  GenericHttpMessageConverter> genericConverter =
    (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter>) converter : null);if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
      (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {if (message.hasBody()) {
      HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
        getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
      body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
              ((HttpMessageConverter) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
      body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }else {
      body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }break;
  }
}

最后看下 PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver 发现 和 RequestParam 走的执行路径一致(二者都是继承自 AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver 解析器),因此代码就不贴了。

总结

如果要转换 request 传来的参数到我们指定的类型,根据入参注解要进行区分:

如果是 RequestBody,那么通过配置 ObjectMapper(这个玩意儿会注入到 Jackson 的 HttpMessagConverter 里面,即 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 中)来实现 Json 格式数据的序列化和反序列化;如果是 RequestParam 或者 PathVariable 类型的参数,通过配置 Converter 实现参数转换(这些 Converter 会注入到 ConversionService 中)。