Spring通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor)来实现多线程和并发编程。
使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor可实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor。而实际开发中任务一般是非阻碍的,即异步的,所以我们要在配置类中通过@EnableAsync开启对异步任务的支持,并通过在实际执行的Bean的方法中使用@Async注解来声明其是一个异步任务。
配置类
TaskExecutorConfig.java
package com.shrimpking;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2023/6/8 12:13
* @EnableAsync注解开启异步任务支持。
*
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.shrimpking")
@EnableAsync
public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer
{
/**
* 实现AsyncConfigurer接口并重写getAsyncExecutor方法,
* 并返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,
* 这样我们就获得了一个基于线程池TaskExecutor。
* @return
*/
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor()
{
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor
= new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler()
{
return null;
}
}
代码解释
①利用@EnableAsync注解开启异步任务支持。
②配置类实现AsyncConfigurer接口并重写getAsyncExecutor方法,并返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,这样我们就获得了一个基于线程池TaskExecutor。
任务执行类
AsycTaskDemo.java
package com.shrimpking;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @Author : Shrimpking
* @create 2023/6/8 12:21
* @Async注解表明该方法是个异步方法,
*/
@Service
public class AsycTaskDemo
{
@Async
public void executeAsycTask(int i)
{
System.out.println("执行异步任务:" + i);
}
@Async
public void executeAsycTaskPlus(int i)
{
System.out.println("执行异步任务+1:" + (i+1));
}
}
代码解释
①通过@Async注解表明该方法是个异步方法,如果注解在类级别,则表明该类所有的方法都是异步方法,而这里的方法自动被注入使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor作为TaskExecutor。
运行
package com.shrimpking;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot48TaskexecutorApplication
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//SpringApplication.run(Springboot48TaskexecutorApplication.class, args);
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context
= new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TaskExecutorConfig.class);
AsycTaskDemo taskDemo = context.getBean(AsycTaskDemo.class);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
taskDemo.executeAsycTask(i);
taskDemo.executeAsycTaskPlus(i);
}
context.close();
}
}
结果是并发执行而不是顺序执行的,