springcloud

1、Zuul路由网关简介及基本使用

简介

Zuul API路由网关服务简介
SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringCloud
请看上图，这里的API 路由网关服务 由Zuul实现，主要就是对外提供服务接口的时候，起到了请求的路由和过滤作用，也因此能够隐藏内部服务的接口细节，从来有利于保护系统的安全性；

凡是通过网关里面内部的任意一个微服务。网关对外与用户之间打交道的，之前博客所学的微服务对内，用户看不到。

路由配置

Zuul 路由配置

我们新建一个module microservice-zuul-3001
这里我们的zuul也注册到eureka服务里，端口3001；
我们修改下Hosts，专门为zuul搞个本地域名映射
hosts文件 加下：

127.0.0.1  zuul.myy.com

SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_02
pom.xml依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.myy</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-zuul-3001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.javaxl</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hystrix容错 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--zuul网关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 3001
  context-path: /
spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-zuul
eureka:
  instance:
    instance-id: microservice-zuul:3001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.myy.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.myy.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.myy.com:2003/eureka/
info:
  groupId: com.myy.microservice
  artifactId: microservice-zuul-3001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://myy.com
  phone: 123456

启动类配置

package com.myy.microservicezuul3001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableZuulProxy
public class MicroserviceZuul3001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceZuul3001Application.class, args);
    }

}

测试
启动注册中心，生产者，以及 zuul网关服务；

可以直接通过网关获得生产者的信息
http://zuul.myy.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list域名+端口+服务名称+请求地址 也能请求到数据；
SpringCloud之Zuul网关_Spring_03
http://zuul.myy.com:3001/microservice-student/student/hystrix
SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_04

2、Zuul路由映射配置

上面是zuul的简单使用，从接口地址很轻易的就暴露了服务提供者的唯一标识名microservice-student；有安全风险，我们需要将其隐藏；
ignored-services的作用是将原来的服务提供者唯一标识名禁用；
Prefix的作用是给服务加前缀
yml文件中添加以下配置：

zuul:
  routes:
    studentServer.serviceId: microservice-student
    studentServer.path: /studentServer/**
  ignored-services: "*"
  prefix: /myy

SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_05
配置完毕后可通过以下链接做测试

http://zuul.myy.com:3001/microservice-student/student/list
http://zuul.myy.com:3001/myy/studentServer/student/list

SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringCloud_06

对应的配置会出现上面的错误页面，这是正常现象。
SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_07

3、Zuul请求过滤配置

比如我们登录某个系统 需要身份验证，用户名密码啥的；

我们请求服务，也可以来设置身份验证，也就是过滤非法请求；Zuul通过ZuulFilter过滤器实现；
一般具体实现的话 每次经过Zuul服务网关 我们都对带来的token进行有效性验证；

我们先定义一个 AccessFilter类

package com.myy.microservicezuul3001.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * @author 熊贝贝
 * @site www.myy.com
 * @company
 * @create  2020-01-14 16:34
 */
public class AccessFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(AccessFilter.class);

    /**
     * 判断该过滤器是否要被执行
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤器的具体执行逻辑
     */
    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        String parameter = request.getParameter("accessToken");
        logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求访问");
        if(parameter==null){
            logger.error("accessToken为空！");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            ctx.setResponseBody("{\"result\":\"accessToken is empty!\"}");
            return null;
        }
        //  token判断逻辑
        logger.info(request.getRequestURL().toString()+" 请求成功");
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤器的类型 这里用pre，代表会再请求被路由之前执行
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    /**
     * 过滤器的执行顺序
     */
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

}

然后再开启下 Filter配置：

package com.myy.microservicezuul3001.config;

import com.myy.microservicezuul3001.filter.AccessFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author 熊贝贝
 * @site www.myy.com
 * @company
 * @create  2020-01-14 16:35
 */
@Configuration
public class ZuulConfig {

    @Bean
    public AccessFilter accessFilter(){
        return new AccessFilter();
    }
}

测试

http://zuul.myy.com:3001/myy/studentServer/student/list
//携带令牌:?accessToken=xxx
http://zuul.myy.com:3001/myy/studentServer/student/list?accessToken=mm

SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_08
SpringCloud之Zuul网关_SpringBoot_09

网关起到过滤作用