三层架构框架:

接入层:提供端口的密度,用于用户终端的接入。一般使用二层交换机、AP等设备。

汇聚层(分布层):流量的集合处。可以用到的技术有:DHCP / VLAN / STP / HSRP / VRRP / channel / QOS / ACL…

核心层:使用NAT实现内网与公网之间的访问。能够进行高速路由转发。

三层架构的核心:

冗余—备份。 线路备份、设备备份、网关备份、UPS(电源)备份。

:UPS(电源)备份不属于技术。设备若存在双电源口,将两根电源查到不同的供电处即可实现电源备份。

三层架构案例:

拓扑图:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师

项目要求:1:ISP只能配置公有IP,不得再进行其他任何配置。
2:所有PC通过DHCP获取IP地址。
3:STP-MSTP合理分组,VLAN—混用中继和混杂模式。
4:内网IP地址基于172.16.0.0/16合理分配。
5:ISP Telnet 登录R1的公有IP地址,实际登录到SW1上。
6:正常所有PC均可以访问ISP环回。当随机在SW1和SW2中关闭一台设备时,PC依然可以正常访问ISP。

配置与思路:

1:划分IP地址。R1与R2之间公有地址使用12.1.1.0/24网段,ISP(R2)环回地址为2.2.2.0/24.

内网IP地址:

172.16.0.0/27----R1与SW1之间
172.16.0.32/27----R1与SW2之间

172.16.0.64/27----VLAN1
172.16.0.66/27----VLAN1的网关

172.16.0.96/27----VLAN2
172.16.0.98/27----VLAN2的网关

172.16.0.128/27----VLAN3
172.16.0.130/27----VLAN3的网关

2:配置

1>:在SW1上配置DHCP,并且作为主网关使所有PC可以通过DHCP获取IP地址

SW1:

<Huawei>system-view  

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sy  

[Huawei]sysname sw1

[sw1]

[sw1]vlan 2

[sw1-vlan2]quit  

[sw1]vlan 3

[sw1-vlan3]quit  

[sw1]interface Vlanif 1

[sw1-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.65 27

[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66

[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120

[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 20

[sw1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30

[sw1-Vlanif1]

[sw1-Vlanif1]quit  

[sw1]dhcp enable  

[sw1]ip pool 1

[sw1-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27

[sw1-ip-pool-1]gateway-list  172.16.0.66

[sw1-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw1-ip-pool-1]quit  

[sw1]interface Vlanif 1  

[sw1-Vlanif1]dhcp select global  

[sw1-Vlanif1]quit  

[sw1]

[sw1]interface Vlanif 2

[sw1-Vlanif2]ip add  

[sw1-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.97 27

[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98

[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120

[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 20

[sw1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30

[sw1-Vlanif2]quit  

[sw1]ip pool 2

[sw1-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27

[sw1-ip-pool-2]gateway-list  172.16.0.98

[sw1-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw1-ip-pool-2]quit  

[sw1]

[sw1]interface Vlanif 2

[sw1-Vlanif2]dhcp select global  

[sw1-Vlanif2]quit  

[sw1]interface Vlanif 3

[sw1-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.129 27

[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130

[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 priority 120

[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 preempt-mode timer delay 20

[sw1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 reduced 30

[sw1-Vlanif3]quit  

[sw1]ip pool 3

[sw1-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27

[sw1-ip-pool-3]gateway-list 172.16.0.130

[sw1-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw1-ip-pool-3]quit  

[sw1]interface Vlanif 3

[sw1-Vlanif3]dhcp select global  

[sw1-Vlanif3]quit  

[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4  

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit  

[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit  


SW3:

<Huawei>system-view  

[Huawei]sysname sw3

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/1

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk  

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]quit  

[sw3]vlan 2

[sw3-vlan2]quit  

[sw3]vlan 3

[sw3-vlan3]quit  

[sw3]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/5

[sw3-port-group]port link-type access  

[sw3-port-group]quit  

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/4

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 2

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/4]quit  

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/5

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]port default vlan 3

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/5]quit  

[sw3]

SW4:

<Huawei>system-view  

[Huawei]sysname sw4

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/1

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk  

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]quit  

[sw4]vlan 2

[sw4-vlan2]quit  

[sw4]vlan 3

[sw4-vlan3]quit  

[sw4]port-group group-member Ethernet 0/0/3 to Ethernet 0/0/4

[sw4-port-group]port link-type access  

[sw4-port-group]quit  

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/3

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/3]quit  

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/4

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 3

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/4]quit  

[sw4]

测试:

PC1:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_02

PC2:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师_03

PC3:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_数据通信工程师_04

PC4:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络运维_05

PC5:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_06

测试得出所有PC将SW1作为网关通过DHCP可以正常获取IP地址。

2>:在SW2上进行配置,使SW2作为SW2的备份网关。并且SW1与SW2之间的链路进行叠加。

SW2:

<Huawei>system-view  

[Huawei]sysname sw2

[sw2]vlan 2

[sw2-vlan2]quit  

[sw2]vlan 3

[sw2-vlan3]quit  

[sw2]interface Vlanif 1

[sw2-Vlanif1]ip address 172.16.0.67 27

[sw2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.66  

[sw2-Vlanif1]quit  

[sw2]dhcp enable  

[sw2]ip pool 1

[sw2-ip-pool-1]network 172.16.0.64 mask 27

[sw2-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 172.16.0.66

[sw2-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw2-ip-pool-1]quit  

[sw2]interface Vlanif 1

[sw2-Vlanif1]dhcp select global  

[sw2-Vlanif1]quit  

[sw2]

[sw2]interface Vlanif 2

[sw2-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.0.99 27

[sw2-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.98

[sw2-Vlanif2]quit  

[sw2]ip pool 2

[sw2-ip-pool-2]network 172.16.0.96 mask 27

[sw2-ip-pool-2]gateway-list 172.16.0.98

[sw2-ip-pool-2]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw2-ip-pool-2]quit  

[sw2]interface Vlanif 2

[sw2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global  

[sw2-Vlanif2]quit  

[sw2]

[sw2]interface Vlanif 3

[sw2-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.0.131 27

[sw2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 3 virtual-ip 172.16.0.130

[sw2-Vlanif3]quit  

[sw2]ip pool 3

[sw2-ip-pool-3]network 172.16.0.128 mask 27

[sw2-ip-pool-3]gateway-list  172.16.0.130

[sw2-ip-pool-3]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[sw2-ip-pool-3]quit  

[sw2]interface Vlanif 3

[sw2-Vlanif3]dhcp select global  

[sw2-Vlanif3]quit  

[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/5

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit  

[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit  

SW4:

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/2

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk  

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

SW3:

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/2  

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk  

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 to 3

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/2]quit  

链路聚合

1、通道的对端必须为同一台设备;

2、通道的所有物理接口应该具有相同的速率、双工模式;相同的类型,相同的vlan允许列表;

SW1:

[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0

[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit  

[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit  

[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit  

[sw1]interface Eth-Trunk 0

[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid  

[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw1-Eth-Trunk0]quit  

SW2:

[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0

[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit  

[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2  

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 0

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit  

[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 0

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit  

[sw2]interface Eth-Trunk 0

[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type hybrid  

[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]port hybrid tagged vlan 1 to 3

[sw2-Eth-Trunk0]quit  

3>:配置MSTP,VLAN1划入组1,VLAN2、3划入组2,且主根为SW1,备份根为SW2。

SW1:

[sw1]stp mode mstp  

[sw1]stp enable  

[sw1]stp region-configuration  

[sw1-mst-region]region-name a

[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1

[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3

[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration  

[sw1-mst-region]quit  

[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary  

[sw1]stp instance 2 root  primary  

SW2:

[sw2]stp mode mstp  

[sw2]stp enable  

[sw2]stp region-configuration  

[sw2-mst-region]region-name a

[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1

[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3

[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration  

[sw2-mst-region]quit  

[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary  

[sw2]stp instance 2 root secondary

SW3:

[sw3]stp mode mstp  

[sw3]stp enable  

[sw3]stp region-configuration  

[sw3-mst-region]region-name a

[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1

[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3

[sw3-mst-region]active region-configuration  

[sw3-mst-region]quit  

SW4:

[sw4]stp mode mstp  

[sw4]stp enable  

[sw4]stp region-configuration  

[sw4-mst-region]region-name a

[sw4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 1

[sw4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 2 to 3

[sw4-mst-region]active region-configuration  

[sw4-mst-region]quit  

4>:在SW1和SW2上给物理接口配置IP地址来让SW1和SW2能与R1进行访问。

注:由于ENSP上的三层交换机在模拟器上不能直接给物理接口配置IP地址(真机可以),所以需要换思路:将需要配置IP地址的接口改为access模式并且划分到一个VLAN中,然后给该VLAN配置IP地址即可达到相同的效果。

SW1:

[sw1]vlan 10

[sw1-vlan10]quit  

[sw1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access  

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit  

[sw1]interface Vlanif 10

[sw1-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.2 27

[sw1-Vlanif10]quit  

SW2:

[sw2]vlan 10

[sw2-vlan10]

[sw2-vlan10]quit  

[sw2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access  

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit  

[sw2]interface Vlanif 10

[sw2-Vlanif10]ip address 172.16.0.34 27

[sw2-Vlanif10]quit  

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.0.1 27

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit  

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.0.33 27

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit  

测试R1与SW1和SW2物理接口能否正常访问:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_数据通信工程师_07

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_08

5>:在R1上配置VLAN1、2、3的静态路由,下一跳分别为SW1和SW2连接R1的物理接口,且下一跳为SW2连接R1的接口的路由为备份路由,优先级数值较大。

R1:

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.2

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.2

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.2

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.64 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.96 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61

[r1]ip route-static 172.16.0.128 27 172.16.0.34 preference 61

6>:在R1和R2上配置公网地址,并通过NAT实现所有PC可以访问ISP环回

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit  

[r1]acl 2000

[r1-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit  

[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.1.1.2

SW1:

[sw1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.1

SW2:

[sw2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.0.33  

测试所有PC能否正常访问ISP环回: 

PC1:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络运维_09

PC2:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_数据通信工程师_10

PC3:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师_11

PC4:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师_12

PC5:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络运维_13

7>:在SW1上开启telnet服务,并在R1上配置端口映射。

SW1:

[sw1]user-interface vty 0 4

[sw1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password  

[sw1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 15  

[sw1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password simple huawei123

[sw1-ui-vty0-4]quit  

R1:

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface telnet

inside 172.16.0.2 telnet  

Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa

ilure.

Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

最后需求测试

在R2上进行测试:

<r2>telnet 12.1.1.1

 Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode

 Trying 12.1.1.1 ...

 Connected to 12.1.1.1 ...

Login authentication

Password:

Info: The max number of VTY users is 5, and the number

     of current VTY users on line is 1.

     The current login time is 2019-11-14 21:54:52.

<sw1>sy  

<sw1>system-view  

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.


测试:将SW1设备关闭,再次测试PC能否正常访问ISP环回。


ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_14

PC1:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络运维_15

PC2:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_路由交换_16

PC3:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_17

PC4:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师_18

PC5:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络工程师_19

3:MSTP测试

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_HCIE_20

对于生成树而言,根网桥为SW1,则为避免环路会阻塞SW4连接3号线的端口。PC4、5获取DHCP是通过SW4连接2号线的端口进行获取的(主网关正常的情况下)。此时断开2号线,测试PC4、5能否正常访问 ISP环回。

SW4:

[sw4]interface Eth0/0/1

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown  

PC4:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_路由交换_21

PC5:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_路由交换_22

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_网络运维_23

对于生成树组1而言,正常情况下会阻塞SW3连接2号线的端口(主网关正常),PC1通过SW3连接3号线的端口获取IP地址。将SW3连接3号线的端口关闭,再次测试PC1能否正常访问ISP环回。

SW3:

[sw3]interface Eth0/0/1

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1]shutdown  

PC1:

ENSP部署小型企业网三层架构(详细过程)_路由交换_24

至此,ENSP实现企业网三层架构全部完成。但缺点是接入层的PC没有做线路冗余,没有达到高可靠性。

这是基于客户需求制定的方案,目前基于现网更高的可靠性和高可用率,可以考虑堆叠将两台设备虚拟成一台设备使用可以提供更高的可靠性,如果有更高的要求可以考虑M-LAG+VRRP+V-STP来组合使用。