《计算机组成及汇编语言原理》学习第 9 天，p123-p127 总结，总计 5 页。
一、技术总结
1.memory优化
(1)cache memory
remove blank from “Most computers support two different kinds (levels) of cache: level one (L1) cache is built into the CPU chip itself and runs at CPU speed, while level two (L2) cache is a special set of high-speed memory chips placed next to the CPU on the motherboard.”
(2)memoery management
(3)direct address translation
(4)page address translation
2.peripheral 优化
(1)busy-waiting
Waiting for an expected event by checking to see if the event has happened inside a loop. Compare to an interrupt.
(2)interrupt
The notification to the CPU that such an event has happened and that this piece of code should be executed.
(3)Communicating with the Peripherals: Using the Bus
二、英语总结(生词：6)
1.in the interests of
phrase. to achieve or promote sth beneficial or desirable. It highlights the purpose or motivation behind an action.
p122, Normally, memory management is considered to be a function of the operating system, but many computers provide hardware support in the interests of speed, portability, and security.
2.extend vs expand
(1)extend
一般来说， To lengthen or make something last longer or reach farther.
p123, For example, we could define a set of 24-bit segment registers to extend the virtual address.
(2))expand
一般来说， To make something larger, increase its size, volume, or scope.
p122, To prevent two processes from accessing the same physical address (and if address translation is enabled), the memory management system of the CPU actually expands the logical address space into a third space, called virtual address space.
3.outrun
vt. run faster than
p124, Computers are so fast that they can usually outrun almost any other
physical process.
4.number crunching
(1)crush
vt. to press sth very hard so that sth is broken(挤压)。
(2)crunch
vi/vt. to crush food with teeth(嘎吱嘎吱的嚼)。
(3)number crunching
crunching是 crunch的动名词格式(gerund)， 用作名词。number crunching也写作 number-crunching, 意思是 “mathmatical work that involves large amounts of numbers”，直译是“(简单但费时)的捣弄数字”，
5.sundry
(1)sundry: sumder(“separately, apart, asunder”) + -y(形容词后缀， “full of or characterized by,”)
adj. various.
(2) all and sundry
idiom. everyone.
p128, In 1981, IBM released the first generation of its Personal Computer, later known to all and sundry as the IBM PC.
6.ready
关于 ready 的意思，我们用得最多的一个意思是 “prepared(准备好的)”，但也有另外一个用得比较少的意思 “existing or available to be used(现成的)”。示例：
p128, With the success of the 8088-based IBM PC, Intel and IBM had a ready market for later and improved chips。
三、其它
chapter 5 简评：介绍真实计算机的优化，包括 CPU 优化、memory 优化、peripheral 优化。
四、参考资料
1. 编程
(1) Patrick Juola，《计算机组成及汇编语言原理》
2. 英语
(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com
(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org
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