https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows预先安装环境

Windows Preinstallation Environment (also known as Windows PE and WinPE) is a lightweight version of ​​Windows​​ used for the deployment of PCs, workstations, and servers, or troubleshooting an operating system while it is offline. It is intended to replace ​​MS-DOS​​ ​​boot disks​​ and can be ​​booted​​ via ​​USB flash drive​​, ​​PXE​​, ​​iPXE​​,​[1]​​​CD-ROM​​, or ​​hard disk​​. Traditionally used by large corporations and ​​OEMs​​ (to ​​preinstall​​ Windows client operating systems on PCs during manufacturing), it is now widely available ​​free of charge​​ via the ​​Windows Automated Installation Kit​​ (WAIK).