作者：zhanhailiang 日期：2014-11-01
1. host
- host提供域名到IP地址的双向解析；
- host默认通过/etc/resolv.conf读取Name Server来解析，除非提供可选參数server。
- -a參数相当于进行ANY查询。
[root@~]# host pic1.vip.com
pic1.vip.com is an alias for pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com is an alias for vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.217.105
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 125.39.1.138
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 218.59.186.76
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.169.23
[root@~]# host pic1.vip.com 8.8.8.8
Using domain server:
Name: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Aliases:
pic1.vip.com is an alias for pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com is an alias for vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 125.39.1.138
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.169.23
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.217.105
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 218.59.186.76
[root@~]# host -a pic1.vip.com 8.8.8.8
Trying "pic1.vip.com"
Using domain server:
Name: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Aliases:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39471
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;pic1.vip.com. IN ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
pic1.vip.com. 3975 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
Received 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 412 ms
2. nslookup
- nslookup提供交互式和非交互式两种查询方式；
[root@~]# nslookup
> pic1.vip.com
Server: 10.202.72.116
Address: 10.202.72.116#53
Non-authoritative answer:
pic1.vip.com canonical name = pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com canonical name = vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 125.39.1.138
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 218.59.186.76
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 111.206.169.23
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 111.206.217.105
> exit
[root@~]# nslookup pic1.vip.com
Server: 10.202.72.116
Address: 10.202.72.116#53
Non-authoritative answer:
pic1.vip.com canonical name = pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com canonical name = vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 111.206.217.105
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 125.39.1.138
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 218.59.186.76
Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
Address: 111.206.169.23
3. dig
- dig是一个询问DNS域名服务的灵活工具，提供了来自被要求的，返回名称服务DNS的查询和显示的答案。大多数DNS管理员使用dig来排除DNS故障和问题；
- 其基本用法：dig [@server] name [type]。
1. 普通使用方法：dig pic1.vip.com
[root@~]# dig pic1.vip.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> pic1.vip.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 65138
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 5
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;pic1.vip.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
pic1.vip.com. 4518 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com. 28 IN CNAME vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 218.59.186.76
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 111.206.169.23
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 111.206.217.105
vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 125.39.1.138
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns1.glb0.lxdns.com.
xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns4.glb0.lxdns.com.
xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns3.glb0.lxdns.com.
xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns5.glb0.lxdns.com.
xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns2.glb0.lxdns.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 218.60.106.128
ns2.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 111.206.217.82
ns3.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 101.227.66.164
ns4.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 111.206.217.82
ns5.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 222.132.5.102
;; Query time: 21 msec
;; SERVER: 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116)
;; WHEN: Sat Nov 1 00:42:27 2014
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 341
2. 进行ANY查询：
[root@~]# dig vip.com ANY
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> vip.com ANY
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59219
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 7, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;vip.com. IN ANY
;; ANSWER SECTION:
vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
vip.com. 4451 IN A 183.61.89.84
vip.com. 4451 IN A 183.61.89.20
vip.com. 4451 IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:122.11.55.162 ip4:180.186.22.7 ip4:122.11.55.163 ip4:210.21.83.149 ip4:210.21.83.150 ip4:183.61.189.204 ip4:121.11.65.219 ip4:61.155.128.141 include:easeye-edm.com a mx ~all"
vip.com. 4451 IN MX 1 mail.vip.com.
vip.com. 4451 IN SOA ns7.vip.com. it.vip.com. 2014103116 1800 600 604800 1200
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns7.vipshop.com. 13022 IN A 14.17.85.62
ns8.vipshop.com. 13022 IN A 183.61.89.62
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116)
;; WHEN: Sat Nov 1 00:42:41 2014
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 425
3. 使用+trace參数，追踪查询过程：
[root@~]# dig pic1.vip.com +trace
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> pic1.vip.com +trace
;; global options: +cmd
. 483723 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 483723 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
;; Received 496 bytes from 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116) in 1 ms
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
;; Received 490 bytes from 199.7.83.42#53(199.7.83.42) in 27 ms
vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
;; Received 106 bytes from 192.43.172.30#53(192.43.172.30) in 291 ms
pic1.vip.com. 7200 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
;; Received 64 bytes from 183.61.89.62#53(183.61.89.62) in 37 ms
4. 指定name server，使用+trace參数，能够看到第一步是通过指定的@server查询根服务器：
[root@~]# dig @8.8.8.8 pic1.vip.com +trace
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> @8.8.8.8 pic1.vip.com +trace
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
. 18601 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
. 18601 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 301 ms
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
;; Received 490 bytes from 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4) in 130 ms
vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
;; Received 106 bytes from 192.55.83.30#53(192.55.83.30) in 90 ms
pic1.vip.com. 7200 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
;; Received 64 bytes from 14.17.85.62#53(14.17.85.62) in 30 ms
因为篇幅有限。想知道很多其它的关于host， nslookup。dig参数和应用场景的命令，请问man手册及相关文章。
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