级缓存
Mybatis对缓存提供支持,但是在没有配置的默认情况下,它只开启一级缓存,一级缓存只是相对于同一个SqlSession而言。所以在参数和SQL完全一样的情况下,我们使用同一个SqlSession对象调用一个Mapper方法,往往只执行一次SQL,因为使用SelSession第一次查询后,MyBatis会将其放在缓存中,以后再查询的时候,如果没有声明需要刷新,并且缓存没有超时的情况下,SqlSession都会取出当前缓存的数据,而不会再次发送SQL到数据库。
为什么要使用一级缓存,不用多说也知道个大概。但是还有几个问题我们要注意一下。
1、一级缓存的生命周期有多长?
a、MyBatis在开启一个数据库会话时,会 创建一个新的SqlSession对象,SqlSession对象中会有一个新的Executor对象。Executor对象中持有一个新的PerpetualCache对象;当会话结束时,SqlSession对象及其内部的Executor对象还有PerpetualCache对象也一并释放掉。
b、如果SqlSession调用了close()方法,会释放掉一级缓存PerpetualCache对象,一级缓存将不可用。
c、如果SqlSession调用了clearCache(),会清空PerpetualCache对象中的数据,但是该对象仍可使用。
d、SqlSession中执行了任何一个update操作(update()、delete()、insert()) ,都会清空PerpetualCache对象的数据,但是该对象可以继续使用
2、怎么判断某两次查询是完全相同的查询?
mybatis认为,对于两次查询,如果以下条件都完全一样,那么就认为它们是完全相同的两次查询。
2.1 传入的statementId
2.2 查询时要求的结果集中的结果范围
2.3. 这次查询所产生的最终要传递给JDBC java.sql.Preparedstatement的Sql语句字符串(boundSql.getSql() )
2.4 传递给java.sql.Statement要设置的参数值
二级缓存: MyBatis的二级缓存是Application级别的缓存,它可以提高对数据库查询的效率,以提高应用的性能。
MyBatis的缓存机制整体设计以及二级缓存的工作模式
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SqlSessionFactory层面上的二级缓存默认是不开启的,二级缓存的开席需要进行配置,实现二级缓存的时候,MyBatis要求返回的POJO必须是可序列化的。 也就是要求实现Serializable接口,配置方法很简单,只需要在映射XML文件配置就可以开启缓存了<cache/>,如果我们配置了二级缓存就意味着:
- 映射语句文件中的所有select语句将会被缓存。
- 映射语句文件中的所欲insert、update和delete语句会刷新缓存。
- 缓存会使用默认的Least Recently Used(LRU,最近最少使用的)算法来收回。
- 根据时间表,比如No Flush Interval,(CNFI没有刷新间隔),缓存不会以任何时间顺序来刷新。
- 缓存会存储列表集合或对象(无论查询方法返回什么)的1024个引用
- 缓存会被视为是read/write(可读/可写)的缓存,意味着对象检索不是共享的,而且可以安全的被调用者修改,不干扰其他调用者或线程所做的潜在修改。
实践:一、创建一个POJO Bean并序列化
由于二级缓存的数据不一定都是存储到内存中,它的存储介质多种多样,所以需要给缓存的对象执行序列化。(如果存储在内存中的话,实测不序列化也可以的。)
010203040506070809101112131415161718192021 | package com.yihaomen.mybatis.model;
import com.yihaomen.mybatis.enums.Gender; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List;
/** * @ProjectName: springmvc-mybatis */ public class Student implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 735655488285535299L; private String id; private String name; private int age; private Gender gender; private List<Teacher> teachers;
setters&getters()....; toString(); } |
二、在映射文件中开启二级缓存
0102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> < mapper namespace = "com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper" >
< cache eviction = "LRU" flushInterval = "100000" readOnly = "true" size = "1024" /> < resultMap id = "studentMap" type = "Student" > < id property = "id" column = "id" /> < result property = "name" column = "name" /> < result property = "age" column = "age" /> < result property = "gender" column = "gender" typeHandler = "org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumOrdinalTypeHandler" /> </ resultMap > < resultMap id = "collectionMap" type = "Student" extends = "studentMap" > < collection property = "teachers" ofType = "Teacher" > < id property = "id" column = "teach_id" /> < result property = "name" column = "tname" /> < result property = "gender" column = "tgender" typeHandler = "org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumOrdinalTypeHandler" /> < result property = "subject" column = "tsubject" typeHandler = "org.apache.ibatis.type.EnumTypeHandler" /> < result property = "degree" column = "tdegree" javaType = "string" jdbcType = "VARCHAR" /> </ collection > </ resultMap > < select id = "selectStudents" resultMap = "collectionMap" > SELECT s.id, s.name, s.gender, t.id teach_id, t.name tname, t.gender tgender, t.subject tsubject, t.degree tdegree FROM student s LEFT JOIN stu_teach_rel str ON s.id = str.stu_id LEFT JOIN teacher t ON t.id = str.teach_id </ select > < select id = "selectAllStudents" resultMap = "studentMap" useCache = "true" > SELECT id, name, age FROM student </ select > </ mapper > |
三、在 mybatis-config.xml中开启二级缓存
0102030405060708091011 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> < configuration > < settings > < setting name = "cacheEnabled" value = "true" /> ..... </ settings > .... </ configuration > |
四、测试
010203040506070809101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142 | package com.yihaomen.service.student;
import com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.model.Student; import com.yihaomen.mybatis.model.Teacher; import com.yihaomen.service.BaseTest; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import java.util.List;
/** * * @ProjectName: springmvc-mybatis */ public class TestStudent extends BaseTest {
public static void selectAllStudent() { SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSession(); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper. class ); List<Student> list = mapper.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list); System.out.println( "第二次执行" ); List<Student> list2 = mapper.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list2); session.commit(); System.out.println( "二级缓存观测点" ); SqlSession session2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); StudentMapper mapper2 = session2.getMapper(StudentMapper. class ); List<Student> list3 = mapper2.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list3); System.out.println( "第二次执行" ); List<Student> list4 = mapper2.selectAllStudents(); System.out.println(list4); session2.commit();
}
public static void main(String[] args) { selectAllStudent(); } } |
结果:[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.setDesiredAutoCommit(98) | Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@51e0173d]
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | ==> Preparing: SELECT id, name, age FROM student
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | ==> Parameters:
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.logging.jdbc.BaseJdbcLogger.debug(139) | <== Total: 6
[Student{id='1', name='刘德华', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='张惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='谢霆锋', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峰', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
第二次执行
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.0
[Student{id='1', name='刘德华', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='张惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='谢霆锋', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峰', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
二级缓存观测点
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.3333333333333333
[Student{id='1', name='刘德华', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='张惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='谢霆锋', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峰', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]
第二次执行
[QC] DEBUG [main] org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.getObject(62) | Cache Hit Ratio [com.yihaomen.mybatis.dao.StudentMapper]: 0.5
[Student{id='1', name='刘德华', age=55, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='2', name='张惠妹', age=49, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='3', name='谢霆锋', age=35, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='4', name='王菲', age=47, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='5', name='汪峰', age=48, gender=null, teachers=null}, Student{id='6', name='章子怡', age=36, gender=null, teachers=null}]Process finished with exit code 0
我们可以从结果看到,sql只执行了一次,证明我们的二级缓存生效了。