CREATE DATABASE mybatis;
CREATE TABLE tbl_employee(
id INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
last_name VARCHAR(255),
gender CHAR(1),
email VARCHAR(255)
);
INSERT INTO tbl_employee VALUES('tom',0,'tom@qq.com');
接下来我们创建一个maven项目,引入MyBatis的依赖:<!-- mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
接着创建数据表对应的Bean类:@Data
@ToString
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private char gender;
private String email;
}
在类路径下编写一个XML文件(mybatis-config.xml)来完成SqlSessionFactory的构建:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///mybatis"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 注册Mapper映射文件 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="EmployeeMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
最后创建 Mapper 接口和接口对应的映射文件。02. if先来看看第一个动态SQL标签——if,通过if标签,我们能够根据我们传递的参数进行动态查询,比如:根据id查询员工信息,若是携带了哪个参数sql的条件就要带上这个参数对应的字段的值。<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
where
<if test="id != null">
id=#{id}
</if>
<if test="lastName != null and lastName != ''">
and last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
<if test="email != null and email.trim() != ''">
and email = #{email}
</if>
<if test="gender == 0 or gender == 1">
and gender = #{gender}
</if>
</select>
测试代码:EmployeeDynamicSqlMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeDynamicSqlMapper.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "%c%", null, "jack@qq.com");
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIf(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
我们来看看它生成的sql:==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee where id = ? and last_name like ? and email = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Integer), %c%(String), jack@qq.com(String)
<== Columns: id, last_name, gender, email, d_id
<== Row: 1, jack, 1, jack@qq.com, 1
<== Total: 1
Employee(id=1, lastName=null, gender=1, email=jack@qq.com)
然而这样的代码是有问题的,如果我们的条件是这样的:Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%c%", null, "jack@qq.com");来看看生成的sql:
==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee where and last_name like ? and email = ?因为id为null,所以后面的and被直接拼在了where的后面,此时sql语法就会出错,为此我们需要使用另一个标签——where,它能够完美地解决这一问题。03. where
==> Parameters: %c%(String), jack@qq.com(String)
<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
<where>
<if test="id != null">
id = #{id}
</if>
<if test="lastName != null and lastName != ''">
and last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
<if test="email != null and email.trim() != ''">
and email = #{email}
</if>
<if test="gender == 0 or gender == 1">
and gender = #{gender}
</if>
</where>
</select>
只需将判断条件全部放在where标签内,MyBatis就会自动将where标签拼接的sql中多出来的and和or删掉,然而where标签依然有弊端,比如这样拼接sql:<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
<where>
<if test="id != null">
id = #{id} and
</if>
<if test="lastName != null and lastName != ''">
last_name like #{lastName} and
</if>
<if test="email != null and email.trim() != ''">
email = #{email} and
</if>
<if test="gender == 0 or gender == 1">
gender = #{gender}
</if>
</where>
</select>
并且传递的参数条件是这种情况:Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%c%", null, null);此时last_name属性后面跟着一个and,但是接下来的属性都是null,所以得到了这样的一条sql:
==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee WHERE last_name like ? and
==> Parameters: %c%(String)
可前面我们已经说到,where标签会自动去除多余的and和or呀,为什么还是报错呢?原来,where标签只能去除属性前多余的and和or,至于属性后的,它就无能为力了,所以要么就将and和or都写在属性的前面,要么就使用trim标签来解决这一问题。04. trim<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
<trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and">
<if test="id != null">
id = #{id} and
</if>
<if test="lastName != null and lastName != ''">
last_name like #{lastName} and
</if>
<if test="email != null and email.trim() != ''">
email = #{email} and
</if>
<if test="gender == 0 or gender == 1">
gender = #{gender}
</if>
</trim>
</select>
trim标签中共有四个属性,分别介绍一下作用:prefix:指定sql的前缀,该前缀会被放在trim标签拼接好的sql前面
suffix:指定sql的后缀,该后缀会被放在trim标签拼接好的sql后面
prefixOverrides:前缀覆盖,MyBatis会自动去除属性前的指定字符串
suffixOverrides:后缀覆盖,MyBatis会自动去除属性后的指定字符串
==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee where last_name like ?
==> Parameters: %c%(String)
<== Columns: id, last_name, gender, email, d_id
<== Row: 1, jack, 1, jack@qq.com, 1
<== Total: 1
Employee(id=1, lastName=null, gender=1, email=jack@qq.com)
05. choose该标签用于分支操作,与if不同的是,choose只有一个会被执行,若有一个choose满足条件,则其它choose都将失效,比如:根据传递过来的参数进行员工信息查询,如果携带id,则根据id查询,如果携带lastName,则根据lastName查询,实现如下:
List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionChoose(Employee employee);
<select id="getEmpsByConditionChoose" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
<where>
<choose>
<when test="id != null">
id = ${id}
</when>
<when test="lastName != null">
last_name like #{lastName}
</when>
<otherwise>
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
choose标签类似于带break的switch语句,otherwise标签表示其它条件都不满足则执行该标签内容,编写业务代码:Employee employee = new Employee(1, "%c%", null, null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionChoose(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
这里同时携带了id和lastName,sql语句会如何拼接呢?因为id的判断在lastName之前,所以id分支已经满足条件,其它分支都会失效,故sql语句如下:==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee WHERE id = 1若是什么参数都不带,则执行otherwise,sql什么都不拼接,故查询所有数据。06. set学会了如何动态查询之后,我们来尝试一下动态更新,即:根据传递过来的参数进行员工信息更新,携带了什么参数就更新什么参数,实现如下:
==> Parameters:
<== Columns: id, last_name, gender, email, d_id
<== Row: 1, jack, 1, jack@qq.com, 1
<== Total: 1
void updateEmp(Employee employee);
<update id="updateEmp">
update tbl_employee
set
<if test="lastName != null">
last_name = #{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email != null">
email = #{email},
</if>
<if test="gender != null">
gender = #{gender}
</if>
<where>
id = #{id}
</where>
</update>
这样实现的话,当参数均携带的时候不会出现问题,然而这种情况:Employee employee = new Employee(1, "tom", null, null);
mapper.updateEmp(employee);
因为lastName后面的参数都为null,导致 ,
被直接拼在了id的前面,造成语法错误,来看看生成的sql:==> Preparing: update tbl_employee set last_name = ?, WHERE id = ?
==> Parameters: tom(String), 1(Integer)
为此,我们可以使用set标签,将这些动态更新的内容放在set标签内就能够解决这一问题:<update id="updateEmp">
update tbl_employee
<set>
<if test="lastName != null">
last_name = #{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email != null">
email = #{email},
</if>
<if test="gender != null">
gender = #{gender}
</if>
</set>
<where>
id = #{id}
</where>
</update>
这里也可以使用trim标签解决逗号拼接的问题,方式如下:<update id="updateEmp">
update tbl_employee
<trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides=",">
<if test="lastName != null">
last_name = #{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email != null">
email = #{email},
</if>
<if test="gender != null">
gender = #{gender}
</if>
</trim>
<where>
id = #{id}
</where>
</update>
07. foreach有时候我们需要同时查询多个值的数据,为此,可以使用foreach实现,比如 查询id为1、2、3的员工信息,实现如下:
List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionForeach(@Param("ids") List<Integer> ids);
<select id="getEmpsByConditionForeach" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
where id in(
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" separator=",">
#{id}
</foreach>
)
</select>
首先collection属性指定需要遍历的集合,item属性指定遍历出的每个元素的名字,separator属性指定的是每个遍历出的元素的分隔符,一定不要忘记in后面的小括号,foreach也支持将小括号写在标签内:<select id="getEmpsByConditionForeach" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select *
from tbl_employee
where id in
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" separator="," open="(" close=")">
#{id}
</foreach>
</select>
编写业务代码:List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionForeach(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3));
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
执行结果:==> Preparing: select * from tbl_employee where id in ( ? , ? , ? )
==> Parameters: 1(Integer), 2(Integer), 3(Integer)
<== Columns: id, last_name, gender, email, d_id
<== Row: 1, tom, 1, jack@qq.com, 1
<== Row: 3, tom, 1, tom@qq.com, 2
<== Total: 2
Employee(id=1, lastName=null, gender=1, email=jack@qq.com)
Employee(id=3, lastName=null, gender=1, email=tom@qq.com)
借助foreach标签我们还能够实现批量插入,实现如下:void addEmpBatch(@Param("emps") List<Employee> emps);
<insert id="addEmpBatch">
insert into tbl_employee(last_name,gender,email)
values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.gender},#{emp.email})
</foreach>
</insert>
编写业务代码:List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<>();
emps.add(new Employee(null, "jack", '1', "jack@qq.com"));
emps.add(new Employee(null, "jerry", '1', "jerry@qq.com"));
mapper.addEmpBatch(emps);
执行结果:==> Preparing: insert into tbl_employee(last_name,gender,email) values (?,?,?) , (?,?,?)
==> Parameters: jack(String), 1(String), jack@qq.com(String), jerry(String), 1(String), jerry@qq.com(String)
<== Updates: 2
也可以通过执行多条sql来实现批量插入:<insert id="addEmpBatch">
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=";">
insert into tbl_employee(last_name, gender, email)
values (#{emp.lastName}, #{emp.gender}, #{emp.email})
</foreach>
</insert>
sql语句之间用 ;
分隔,但是MySQL默认是不支持这种语法的,为此,需要设置一个参数使其支持该语法:jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///mybatis?allowMultiQueries=trueMyBatis提供了两个内置参数用于辅助操作,也就是说,即使方法没有传递任何参数,我们也能够在操作标签中取出这两个参数进行处理:
_parameter:所有参数,单个参数情况下,_parameter就是该参数;多个参数情况下,_parameter就是封装所有参数的Map集合
_databaseId:若配置了databaseIdProvider 标签,则该参数就是当前数据库的别名
<select id="getEmpsByConditionChoose" resultType="com.wwj.mybatis.bean.Employee">
<bind name="_lastName" value="'%'+ lastName + '%'"/>
select *
from tbl_employee
<where>
<choose>
<when test="id != null">
id = ${id}
</when>
<when test="lastName != null">
last_name like #{_lastName}
</when>
<otherwise>
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
这里使用bind标签定义了一个变量_lastName,其值为lastName值前后拼接 %
,接下来就可以引用该变量,此时调用方法进行模糊查询就不需要自己拼接 %c%
了,而是直接传入字符串 c
即可。09. sql该标签能够抽取可重用的sql片段,使Mapper文件更加简洁:<sql id="insertColumn">
last_name,gender,email
</sql>
接下来若是想使用这一字符串,直接用include标签包含进来即可:<insert id="addEmpBatch">
insert into tbl_employee(
<include refid="insertColumn"></include>
)
values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.gender},#{emp.email})
</foreach>
</insert>
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