一:operations(任务)
cocoa提供了三种不同的operations
1:Block operations(NSBlockOperation)
These facilitate the execution of one or more block objects.
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @inter<span>f</span>ace OperationsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
- UIWindow *window;
- NSBlockOperation *simpleOperation;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) NSBlockOperation *simpleOperation;
- @end
- #import "OperationsAppDelegate.h"
- @implementation OperationsAppDelegate
- @synthesize window;
- @synthesize simpleOperation;
- - (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application did<span>F</span>inishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
- /* Here is our block */
- NSBlockOperation *newBlockOperation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
- NSLog(@"Main Thread = %@", [NSThread mainThread]);
- NSLog(@"Current Thread = %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
- NSUInteger counter = 0;
- <span>f</span>or (counter = 0;counter < 1000;counter++){
- NSLog(@"Count = %lu", (unsigned long)counter);
- }
- }];
- /* Make sure we keep the re<span>f</span>erence somewhere */
- sel<span>f</span>.simpleOperation = newBlockOperation;
- /* Start the operation */
- [sel<span>f</span>.simpleOperation start];
- /* Print something out just to test i<span>f</span> we have to wait
- <span>f</span>or the block to execute its code or not */
- NSLog(@"Main thread is here");
- [window makeKeyAndVisible];
- return YES;
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [simpleOperation release];
- [window release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
- @end
2:Invocation operations(NSInvocationOperation)
These allow you to invoke a method in another, currently existing object.
NSNumber *simpleObject = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:123];
NSInvocationOperation *newOperation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:selfselector:@selector(simpleOperationEntry:) object:simpleObject];
[newOperation start];
调用start方法执行改任务
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @inter<span>f</span>ace OperationsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
- UIWindow *window;
- NSInvocationOperation *simpleOperation;
- }
- @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
- @property (nonatomic, retain) NSInvocationOperation *simpleOperation;
- @end
- - (void) simpleOperationEntry:(id)paramObject{
- NSLog(@"Parameter Object = %@", paramObject);
- NSLog(@"Main Thread = %@", [NSThread mainThread]);
- NSLog(@"Current Thread = %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
- }
- - (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application did<span>F</span>inishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
- NSNumber *simpleObject = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:123];
- NSInvocationOperation *newOperation =[[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:sel<span>f</span> selector:@selector(simpleOperationEntry:) object:simpleObject];
- sel<span>f</span>.simpleOperation = newOperation;
- [newOperation release];
- [sel<span>f</span>.simpleOperation start];
- [window makeKeyAndVisible];
- return YES;
- }
- - (void)dealloc {
- [simpleOperation release];
- [window release];
- [super dealloc];
- }
3:Plain operations(简单的任务)NSOperation的子类
These are plain operation classes that need to be subclassed. The code to be executed
will be written inside the main method of the operation object.
- @inter<span>f</span>ace MyTask : NSOperation {
- int operationId;
- }
- @property int operationId;
- @end
这里的operationId属性不是必须的
- @implementation MyTask
- @synthesize operationId;
- - (void)main{
- NSLog(@"task %i run … ",operationId);
- [NSThread sleep<span>F</span>orTimeInterval:10];
- NSLog(@"task %i is <span>f</span>inished. ",operationId);
- }
- @end
必须
- (void)main;方法,[MyTask start]是执行main方法
二:任务队列(NSOperationQueue)
NSOperationQueue *newOperationQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
[ newOperationQueue addOperation:Operation];
以上三种Operation都可以添加到NSOperationQueue中,添加后立即被执行。
NSOperationQueue 可以设置最大并行执行任务数。默认值为-1无限制。
三:多个任务之间存在依赖关系
设置方式:
[self.firstOperation addDependency:self.secondOperation];
dependency:附属的意思
把secondOperation做为firstOperation的附属。因此先执行secondOperation,再执行firstOperation 。
四:延时执行某个方法
1:performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:
- - (void) connectionHasFailedWithError:(NSError *)paramError onRemoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL{
- /* We failed to download the file. Attempt to download it again after 3 seconds */
- [self performSelector:@selector(attemptToDownloadRemoteURL:) withObject:paramRemoteURL afterDelay:3.0f];
- }
- - (void) attemptToDownloadRemoteURL:(NSURL *)paramRemoteURL{
- /* Attempt to download the remote file again here by initializing
- a new connection ... */
- }
该方法只能接受一个参数。如果需要传递多个参数怎么办呢???
让selector调用的方法接受的参数类型修改为Dictionary类型。
(1)如果调用的selector不接受参数则,withObject:nil
(2) 通过performSelector:withObjcet:afterDelay调用的方法不能有返回值
2:取消延时执行的方法
(1)cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:
(2) cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:selector:object:
五:NSTimer
1:scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:target:selector:userInfo:repeats:
2:invalidate
调用invalidate方法,不仅是释放NSTimer,还释放userinfo对象。
如果repeats设置为NO,NSTimer在调用完成之后就知道失效,随即释放userinfo对象
3:scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:invocation:repeats:
- - (void) startPainting{
- SEL selectorToCall = @selector(paint:);
- NSMethodSignature *methodSignature = [[self class] instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selectorToCall];
- NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:methodSignature];
- [invocation setTarget:self];
- [invocation setSelector:selectorToCall];
- /* Start a scheduled timer now */
- NSTimer *newTimer =[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0
- invocation:invocation
- repeats:YES];
- self.paintingTimer = newTimer;
- }
4:timerWithTimeInterval:target:selector:userInfo:repeats:
(用该方式,需要把timer添加到runloop中)
- - (void) startPainting{
- NSTimer *newTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0
- target:self
- selector:@selector(paint:)
- userInfo:nil
- repeats:YES];
- self.paintingTimer = newTimer;
- [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.paintingTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
- }
5:timerWithTimeInterval:invocation:repeats:
(用该方式,需要把timer添加到runloop中)
- - (void) startPainting{
- SEL selectorToCall = @selector(paint:);
- NSMethodSignature *methodSignature =[[self class] instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selectorToCall];
- NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:methodSignature];
- [invocation setTarget:self];
- [invocation setSelector:selectorToCall];
- NSTimer *newTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0
- invocation:invocation
- repeats:YES];
- self.paintingTimer = newTimer;
- [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:self.paintingTimer
- forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
- }
6:NSTimer 响应函数定义格式
并需有一个NSTimer *类型的参数
六:NSThread
1:initWithTarget:selector:object:
2:detachNewThreadSelector:toTarget: withObject:
以上两种方式,selector调用的函数,必须声明自己的NSAutoreleasePool
3:performSelectorInBackground: withObject:
一个简单的方法来创建线程,而无需直接处理线程。
4:start
调用start方法启动线程
5:cancel
调用cancel方法,并把变量赋值为nil
6:cancel vs exit
对于线程调用cancel方法停止,不要调用exit,因为exit方法没有给线程清理自己并释放资源的时间
7:线程的内存泄露
- - (void) newThreadEntryPoint{
- /* A thread without an autorelease pool to test the following code */
- //NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
- /* This WILL cause a memory leak */
- [self performSelector:@selector(allocateSomething)];
- /* This will NOT cause a memory leak */
- [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(allocateSomething)
- withObject:nil
- waitUntilDone:YES];
- //[pool release];
- }
- - (void) allocateSomething{
- NSBundle *mainBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
- NSString *imagePath = [mainBundle pathForResource:@"MyImage" ofType:@"png"];
- NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:imagePath];
- UIImage *myImage = [[[UIImage alloc] initWithData:imageData] autorelease];
- /* Do something with the image here */
- }
- - (void)viewDidLoad {
- [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(newThreadEntryPoint)
- toTarget:self
- withObject:nil];
- }
UIImage *myImage = [[[UIImage alloc] initWithData:imageData] autorelease];-------------自动释放池的范围
/* This WILL cause a memory leak */
[self performSelector:@selector(allocateSomething)];
调用改方法myImage 对象被添加进该新建线程的自动释放池,但因为在这里没有声明NSAutoreleasePool 造成内存泄露
/* This will NOT cause a memory leak */
[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(allocateSomething)
withObject:nil
waitUntilDone:YES];
调用改方法myImage 对象被放进主线程的自动释放池,在主线程销毁是被自动释放