Springcloud 学习笔记03-Spring Cloud OpenFeign：基于Ribbon和Hystrix的声明式服务调用

Spring Cloud OpenFeign 是声明式的服务调用工具，它整合了Ribbon和Hystrix，拥有负载均衡和服务容错功能。

Feign是声明式的服务调用工具，我们只需创建一个接口并用注解的方式来配置它，就可以实现对某个服务接口的调用，简化了直接使用RestTemplate来调用服务接口的开发量。Feign具备可插拔的注解支持，同时支持Feign注解、JAX-RS注解及SpringMvc注解。当使用Feign时，Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon和Eureka以提供负载均衡的服务调用及基于Hystrix的服务容错保护功能。

1.创建一个user-service模块

(1)选择新建module：

  (2)不要选择骨架：

 (3)然后填写模块坐标，我们的模块名称为user-service

(4)选择安装目录，因为是聚合项目，目录应该是在父工程hztest的下面：

(5)在pom.xml中添加相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

(6)在application.yml进行配置

server:
  port: 8201
spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:10086/eureka/

 (7)添加UserController用于提供调用接口

UserController类定义了对User对象常见的CRUD接口。

public class UserController {
    private Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.create(user);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        User user = userService.getUser(id);
        LOGGER.info("根据id获取用户信息，用户名称为：{}",user.getUsername());
        return new CommonResult<>(user);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getUserByIds")
    public CommonResult<List<User>> getUserByIds(@RequestParam List<Long> ids) {
        List<User> userList= userService.getUserByIds(ids);
        LOGGER.info("根据ids获取用户信息，用户列表为：{}",userList);
        return new CommonResult<>(userList);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getByUsername")
    public CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username) {
        User user = userService.getByUsername(username);
        return new CommonResult<>(user);
    }

    @PostMapping("/update")
    public CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.update(user);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }

    @PostMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.delete(id);
        return new CommonResult("操作成功", 200);
    }
}

2. 创建一个feign-service模块

(1)在pom.xml中添加相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

(2)在application.yml中进行配置

server:
  port: 8701
spring:
  application:
    name: feign-service
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/

(3)在启动类上添加@EnableFeignClients注解来启用Feign的客户端功能

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}

(4)添加UserService接口完成对user-service服务的接口绑定

我们通过@FeignClient注解实现了一个Feign客户端，其中的value为user-service表示这是对user-service服务的接口调用客户端。我们可以回想下user-service中的UserController，只需将其改为接口，保留原来的SpringMvc注释即可。

@FeignClient(value = "user-service")
public interface UserService {
    @PostMapping("/user/create")
    CommonResult create(@RequestBody User user);

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    CommonResult<User> getUser(@PathVariable Long id);

    @GetMapping("/user/getByUsername")
    CommonResult<User> getByUsername(@RequestParam String username);

    @PostMapping("/user/update")
    CommonResult update(@RequestBody User user);

    @PostMapping("/user/delete/{id}")
    CommonResult delete(@PathVariable Long id);
}

(5)负载均衡功能演示

• 启动eureka-service，两个user-service，feign-service服务，启动后注册中心显示如下：