Tomcat-简单介绍安装

Tomcat

目录

LNMT

Linux Nginx MySQL Tomcat (java)

Tomcat Resin：用来安装java程序代码 运行

JVM java Virtual machine Java虚拟机

JDK java开发环境

优点：

Tomcat运行时占用的系统资源小，扩展性好，支持负载均衡与邮件服务等开发应用系统常用的功能；

Tomcat是一个开源的web服务器 ;

Tomcat是一个小型的轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP程序的首选。

1. Tomcat快速安装yum

1.准备Java基础环境

[root@nginx-web02]# yum install java -y
mkdir /server && cd /server

2.下载并安装Tomcat服务

wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.31/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.12.tar.gz
[root@nginx-web02 server]#  tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.31.tar.gz
[root@nginx-web02 server]#  cd apache-tomcat-9.0.31

3.启动Tomcat服务

[root@nginx-web02 apache-tomcat-9.0.31]# ./bin/startup.sh 
[root@nginx-web02 server]# netstat -anpt | grep "java"
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      1643/java           
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8005          :::*                    LISTEN      1643/java

4.测试http://127.0.0.1:8080

2. Tomcat安装源码包

1. 安装jdk

解压

tar zxvf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.gz -C /application/
[root@tomcat-server tools]# ln -s /application/jdk1.7.0_65/ /application/jdk
[root@tomcat-server application]# ll
总用量 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  25 3月   3 14:18 jdk -> /application/jdk8u191/
drwxr-xr-x 8   10  143 233 6月  17 2014 jdk8u191

配置环境变量

[root@tomcat-server ~]#  cat >>/etc/profile<<'EOF'     //EOF加单引号，不解析符号
export JAVA_HOME=/application/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tool.tar
EOF
[root@tomcat-server ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat-server ~]# java -version

2. 安装tomcat

[root@tomcat-server ~]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.31.tar.gz -C /application/
[root@tomcat-server ~]# ln -s /application/apache-tomcat-9.0.31/ /application/tomcat

echo 'export TOMCAT_HOME=/application/tomcat' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat-server ~]# /application/tomcat/bin/version.sh
[root@tomcat-server ~]# /application/tomcat/bin/start.sh  //启动
[root@tomcat-server ~]# /application/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh //关闭

3. tomcat必备姿势

1.tomcat目录结构

[root@tomcat-server tomcat]# ll
总用量 124
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  4096 3月   3 14:31 bin   
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18982 2月   6 03:36 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 root root   238 2月   6 03:36 conf    
-rw-r----- 1 root root  5409 2月   6 03:36 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  4096 3月   3 14:31 lib      
-rw-r----- 1 root root 57092 2月   6 03:36 LICENSE 
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     6 2月   6 03:32 logs  
-rw-r----- 1 root root  2333 2月   6 03:36 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 root root  3255 2月   6 03:36 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 root root  6898 2月   6 03:36 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 root root 16262 2月   6 03:36 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 root root    30 3月   3 14:31 temp    
drwxr-x--- 7 root root    81 2月   6 03:34 webapps 
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     6 2月   6 03:32 work

• bin tomcat管理命令 startup.sh shutdown.sh catalina.sh

• cactlina.sh 是startup.sh shtdown.sh都会调用
• 以后对于tomcat优化（jvm优化 设置最大内存 最小内存）和配置监控功能

• conf配置

• server.xml(nginx.conf)tomcat主配置文件
• web.xml (增加 插件 优化)
• tomcat-users.xml （tomcat管理配置文件）

• logs日志

• cactlina.out tomcat的核心日志详细 持续变大 持续增加

• cacalina.2019-08-20.log cacalina.out的切割日志

• localhost_access_log.2020-03-03.txt tomcat 访问日志

[root@tomcat-server /]# logrotate ^C   //对日志的定时切割
[root@tomcat-server /]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/syslog 
 /var/log/cron
 /var/log/maillog
 /var/log/messages
 /var/log/secure
 /var/log/spooler
{
    missingok
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
    /bin/kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true
        endscript
    }

• webapps tomcat的站短目录

2. 配置tomcat管理功能

vim application/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml 
  <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
  <role rolename="host-gui"/>
  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
  <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin-gui,host-gui,manager-gui"/>

[root@tomcat-server /]# vim application/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml 
[root@tomcat-server /]# /application/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /application/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@tomcat-server /]# ps -ef | grep java
root     19025 12453  0 16:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@tomcat-server /]# /application/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /application/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /application/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@tomcat-server /]# netstat -anpt | grep "8080"
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      19051/java          
tcp6       0      0 ::1:59898               ::1:8080                TIME_WAIT   -

http://172.16.20.107:8080/

3.部署jpress

mysql配置

mysql> create database jpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on jpress.* to 'jpress'@'172.16.20.%' identified by '123.com.cn';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

tomcat-web配置

cp jpress.war /application/tomcat/webapps/

http://172.16.20.107:8080/jpress

[root@tomcat-server wars]# cat /application/tomcat/webapps/jpress/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties 
#Auto create by JPress
#Tue Mar 03 16:45:37 CST 2020
db_name=jpress
db_host_port=3306
db_tablePrefix=jpress_
db_host=172.16.20.109
db_password=123.com.cn
db_user=jpress

4.tomcat主配置文件

#shutdown 端口  连接到这个端口并输入后面的暗号，就可以把tomcat关闭
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

#tomcat管理端
<GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>
 
#优化tomcat
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

#tomcat web功能
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
               
#8009 ajp 工作方式
 <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
               address="::1"
               port="8009"
               redirectPort="8443" />

# host 虚拟主机
  # host name == server_name
  # appBase  ==  root
  # unpackWARs 自动解压
  # autoDeploy 自动部署
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

      </Host>
     
# tomcat 访问日志的格式
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />

5.tomcat 多实例

[root@tomcat-server tools]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.31.tar.gz
[root@tomcat-server tools]# cp -r  apache-tomcat-9.0.31 tomcat_8081
[root@tomcat-server tools]# cp -r  apache-tomcat-9.0.31 tomcat_8082
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8080#8081#g' tomcat_8081/conf/server.xml 
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8005#8006#g' tomcat_8081/conf/server.xml 
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8009#8010#g' tomcat_8081/conf/server.xml 
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8080#8082#g' tomcat_8082/conf/server.xml 
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8005#8007#g' tomcat_8082/conf/server.xml 
[root@tomcat-server tools]# sed -i 's#8009#8011#g' tomcat_8082/conf/server.xml
[root@tomcat-server application]# /application/tomcat_8081/bin/startup.sh
[root@tomcat-server application]# /application/tomcat_8082/bin/startup.sh

进程已路径来区分

# 注意 书写tomcat相关脚本（启动 重启 监控）
# 精确过滤
[root@tomcat-server application]# ps -ef | grep "/tomcat/"
root     20333     1  1 16:46 pts/0    00:02:50 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/application/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /application/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/application/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/application/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/application/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/application/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     25309 12453  0 19:32 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto /tomcat/

tomcat监控

• 简单命令

• 现成脚本

• 通过zabbix进行监控

• 自定义监控
• 通过jmx监控

• jsp java ps

• -lvm

• jmap 导出jvm信息

• jstackj stat 导出java进程

• 故障案例：系统负载过高，发现tomcat占用cpu较高

• zabbix通过jmx监控tomcat （tomcat 需要开启监控功能）

  #修改
  catalina.sh
  CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=12345
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
  -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=10.0.0.17"
  
  #说明:
  CATALINA_OPTS="$CATALINA_OPTS #修改tomcat启动参数
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote  #开启tomcat远程管理功能
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=12345 #远程管理功能除了12345端口还会随机生成2个端口 开放所有端口（单独设置 安全组规则）
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
  -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
  -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=10.0.0.17"   #指定本机的ip地址
  ""

• jsp/top/htop 精确定位那个java进程导致
• jstack 导出java详细
• cacalina.out日志
• jmap 导出jvm信息 通过软件mat进行分析