2台数据库，主库安装时需要建库；备库不需要，只安装oracle软件即可。
Hosts文件： 主备地址及名称都指定上
主物理库：
Listener 文件
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
# (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1)
(SID_NAME = DB11G)
)
# (SID_DESC =
# (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
# (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1)
# (SID_NAME = DB11G_STBY)
#)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG2)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
Tnsnames文件：
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G)
)
)
DB11G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G)
)
)
DB11G_STBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G_STBY)
)
)
nomount参数修正:
#unique_name主备必须不一致。DB_NAME必须一致
alter system set db_unique_name=DB11G scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(DB11G,DB11G_stby)' scope=spfile;
#dest_1表示本库
alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archives VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G’ scope=spfile;
#dest_2表示远程库。Lgwr配置adg实施模式，另一种方式是arch，两者差异是否有无lng实时传输服务。sync同步，还有async异步。affirm 代表提交事务时，需要redo日志磁盘必须写完，还有noaffirm，代表不需要等到redo日志写完。
alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'SERVICE=DB11G_STBY LGWE SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G_STBY' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
#归档最大线程数
alter system set log_archive_max_processes=4 scope=spfile;
alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;
#server为远程DB，client为本地DB
alter system set fal_server=DB11G_STBY scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=DB11G scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;
#路径转换：将远程db/log文件路径匹配到本地。前远程后本地
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
上述命令修改后initDB11G.ora配置文件如：
DB11G.__db_cache_size=620756992
DB11G.__java_pool_size=16777216
DB11G.__large_pool_size=83886080
DB11G.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
DB11G.__pga_aggregate_target=687865856
DB11G.__sga_target=973078528
DB11G.__shared_io_pool_size=0
DB11G.__shared_pool_size=234881024
DB11G.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.db_unique_name='DB11G'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=DB11G)'
*.fal_client='DB11G'
*.fal_server='DB11G_STBY'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(DB11G,DB11G_STBY)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archives/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=DB11G_STBY SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G_STBY'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.memory_target=1656750080
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
备份控制文件、密码文件到备库
scp initDB11G.ora orapwDB11G oracleDG2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
scp -r admin/ diag/ fast_recovery_area/ oradata/ 172.22.8.99:$ORACLE_HOME
注：密码文件重设orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=2 force=y
手动备份数据库
$ rman target=/
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog;
alter database create standby controlfile as '/tmp/orcl_stby.ctl';
create pfile='/tmp/initORCL_stby.ora' from spfile;
添加归档日志
alter database add standby logfile group 21 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby21.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 22 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby22.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 23 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby23.log' size 50M;
备物理库：
listener.ora文件
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
#(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1)
(SID_NAME = DB11G)
)
(SID_DESC =
# (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1)
(SID_NAME = DB11G_STBY)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG1)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
tnsnames.ora文件
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G_STBY)
)
)
DB11G =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G)
)
)
DB11G_STBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracleDG1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = DB11G_STBY)
)
)
nomount参数修正
alter system set db_unique_name=DB11G_STBY scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_config= 'DG_CONFIG=(DB11G,DB11G_STBY)' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G_STBY' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2= 'SERVICE=DB11G_STBY LGWE SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl' scope=spfile;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE;
alter system set fal_server=DB11G scope=spfile;
alter system set fal_client=DB11G_STBY scope=spfile;
上述命令修改后initDB11G.ora配置文件如：
DB11G.__db_cache_size=671088640
DB11G.__java_pool_size=16777216
DB11G.__large_pool_size=33554432
DB11G.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
DB11G_STBY.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
DB11G.__pga_aggregate_target=687865856
DB11G.__sga_target=973078528
DB11G.__shared_io_pool_size=0
DB11G.__shared_pool_size=234881024
DB11G.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.db_unique_name='DB11G_STBY'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fal_server='DB11G'
*.fal_client='DB11G_STBY'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(DB11G,DB11G_STBY)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/archives/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G_STBY'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=DB11G SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DB11G'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.memory_target=1656750080
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
主open database，备nomount
主执行RMAN命令复制
#nofilenamecheck，检查到文件名称重复时不会中断。
rman target sys/oracle@DB11G auxiliary sys/oracle@DB11G_STBY nocatalog
duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
查询备份log文件号
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
备开启实时日志应用
SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
主：
Archive log list;
Alter system switch logfile;
主备：
Archive log list;
查DG进程：
select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;
select * from v$dataguard_status;
查看DB保护模式
select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;
DG模式切换：（备在切换保护模式时，需将DB 置为mount状态才能成功）
alter database set standby database to maximize performance/ maximize protection / maximize availability ;
ADG切换：
主
Alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Shutdown immediate
Startup
Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Select database_role,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
备
Alter database commit to switchover to physical primary;
Shutdown immediate
Startup
Alter system switch logfile;
Select database_role,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
ADG fail over切换
备 Select database_role,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
主直接 shutdown abort
备
Startup mount
Alter systemflush redo to ‘DB11G’;
Select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap; 如果没有gap，说明无数据损失。在备端进行关闭apply和结束应用动作
Alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Alter database recover managed standby database finish;
Select database_role,open_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
