利用Gitlab钩子实现代码规范管控

  • 1、前言
  • 2、规范简介
  • 3、Gitlab钩子简介
  • 4、流程图
  • 5、实施步骤


1、前言

在一个开发团队中通常会碰到这样一个问题,那就是很多人的代码不够规范,导致可读性差甚至引发一些bug,然后就会有人出来制定代码规范了,制定完了开始推行,可是一段时间后却发现没人提了,于是代码又开始逐渐不够规范起来。那我们要怎么解决这个难题呢?那就需要引入一套强制规范要求的机制了,如果代码不够规范就不准提交到仓库里去,这样就不会让规范慢慢失去味道了,而是会一直强制执行下去。这就是本文将会提到的,利用Gitlab钩子来实现代码规范管控,将不合规范的代码挡之门外!

2、规范简介

我这里有三类规范,前端代码规范、后端代码规范、提交备注规范。本文提到的前端代码规范只包含vue和js代码的规范,参考的是Eslint-standard;后端代码规范只包含java代码规范,参考的是阿里代码规约;提交备注规范顾名而思义,参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/100773495

3、Gitlab钩子简介

Gitlab除了有大家熟悉的Webhook之外,还有可以自定义编码的钩子,这种钩子又分为两类:服务端钩子和客户端钩子。服务端钩子,顾名思义就是运行在Gitlab服务器上的钩子,是在代码提交到服务器之时执行的。而客户端钩子就是在本地仓库的钩子,是在本地提交代码的时候来执行的。他们各自又分为很多小类,这里需要使用到的是服务端的pre-receive钩子和客户端的commit-msg钩子。详细请参考官方文档:https://www.git-scm.com/book/zh/v2/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89-Git-Git-%E9%92%A9%E5%AD%90

4、流程图

gitlab 提交审核 配置 gitlab代码提交规范_java

5、实施步骤

  1. 准备工作
    在gitlab服务器上安装jdk、nodejs。下载好阿里代码规范jar包p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar,git地址:https://github.com/alibaba/p3c。git上只有源码,需要自己打成jar包,参考步骤:https://www.jianshu.com/p/b87ca8615c9c,打包比较麻烦,需要注意build.gradle里面的参数,也可以下载我做好的jar包,地址:p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar
    附上gradle.build的配置文档:
/*
 * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
 */

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'maven-publish'
}

repositories {
    mavenLocal()
    maven {
        url = uri('https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots')
    }

    maven {
        url = uri('https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/')
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'net.sourceforge.pmd:pmd-java:6.15.0'
    implementation 'net.sourceforge.pmd:pmd-vm:6.15.0'
    implementation 'javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.3.2'
    testImplementation 'net.sourceforge.pmd:pmd-test:6.15.0'
}

group = 'com.alibaba.p3c'
version = '2.0.0'
description = 'p3c-pmd'
java.sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8

java {
    withJavadocJar()
}

publishing {
    publications {
        maven(MavenPublication) {
            from(components.java)
        }
    }
}

tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
    options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
}

jar {
    from {
        configurations.runtime.collect{zipTree(it)}
    }
}
  1. 客户端钩子
    脚本如下,需要拷贝到本地代码目录的.git/hook/commit-msg.sample,并且去掉.sample后缀,钩子就可以执行了。
#!/bin/sh
#
# An example hook script to check the commit log message.
# Called by "git commit" with one argument, the name of the file
# that has the commit message.  The hook should exit with non-zero
# status after issuing an appropriate message if it wants to stop the
# commit.  The hook is allowed to edit the commit message file.
#
# To enable this hook, rename this file to "commit-msg".

# Uncomment the below to add a Signed-off-by line to the message.
# Doing this in a hook is a bad idea in general, but the prepare-commit-msg
# hook is more suited to it.
#
# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"

# This example catches duplicate Signed-off-by lines.

# @author amzheng@deloitte.com.cn
# @date 2021-04-09
# @description 在提交时预检查备注信息是否符合规范,如不符合规范会被退回

echo 'commit-msg hook running...'

msg_file=$1

msg=`cat ${msg_file} | grep -v "^$"`

TYPE_LIST=(
     'feat:'   #新功能feature
     'update:' #在feat内修改
     'fix:'  #修补bug
     'docs:'  #文档
     'style:' #格式化,不影响代码运行的变动
     'refactor:' #重构
     'pref:'  #性能优化
     'test:'  #增加测试
     'chore:'  #构建过程或辅助工具的变动
     #'[ci skip]'  #忽略校验
)
COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH=10

declare -a regex_list
arrLen=${#TYPE_LIST[@]}
for ((i=0;i<$arrLen;i++)) do
	regex_list[i]='^'${TYPE_LIST[i]}
done
regex_list[$arrLen+1]='^[ci skip]:'
#echo "reg_list=== "${regex_list[@]}
separator="|"
## 合并成一个完整的正则表达式
regex="$( printf "${separator}%s" "${regex_list[@]}" )"
#echo "type regex: "$regex
## 去除头部的 |
regex=${regex:${#separator}}
#echo "regex: "$regex

tips_msg="$( printf "${separator}%s" "${TYPE_LIST[@]}" )"
tips_msg=${tips_msg:${#separator}}

echo 'Start validate commit comment:'$msg
match=`echo $msg | grep -nE "(${regex})"`
#echo 'Match result: '$match

## 找到匹配说明是符合规范的
if [ "${match}" != "" ]; then
	## 校验注释长度
	msg_length=${#msg}
	#echo "Msg length: ${msg_length}"
	if [[ ${msg_length} -lt ${COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH} ]]; then
		echo -e "pre-commit Error: Commit message should be bigger than ${COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH} and current commit message length: ${msg_length}"
		exit 1
	fi

	## 其他操作
	echo "commit-msg: Commit comments validate Success!"
else
	echo -e "commit-msg Error: Commit comments message should be started with [${tips_msg}]..."
	exit 1
fi
  1. 服务端钩子
    脚本如下。需要把代码拷贝到:/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks目录下的pre-receive钩子中,这个目录是每个代码仓库共享的,相当于添加的是公共钩子,每个代码库的代码都会检测,如果需要只添加到某个库,可以把脚本放到仓库目录: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/xxx/xxx.git/custom_hooks。
#!/bin/bash

##脚本提供功能:Commit提交的Message和代码规范是否符合统一规范
##分三个部分:
# 1.变量定义部分
# 2.校验部分:注释校验&代码分析
# 3.初始化入口
## 校验流程:
# 1.先做提交注释校验,校验的规则:是否已${TYPE_LIST}定义的开头,且内容长度是否大于	${COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH}
# 2.如果是master分之,修改了pom文件还会校验是否存在snapshot版本的jar
# 3.最后代码规范校验
## (单个项目校验)文件放置目录
# 1./var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/xx/xx/xx.git或者/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/${group}/${project_name}.git/
# 2.创建custom_hooks目录
# 3.在custom_hooks目录下创建pre-receive文件,并保持776可执行权限,且保持该文件权限:chown git:git pre-receive 以及阿里云的p3c-pmd的jar包权限
# 4.给chown -R git:git custom_hooks
# 5.官方文档说明:https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/custom_hooks.html#setup

# @author amzheng@deloitte.com.cn
# @date 2021-04-09
# @description 在服务端接收提交文件时检查备注规范以及代码规范,如不符合规范会被退回


####### 初始化变量部分 #########

## 定义java_home变量 需要修改你配置的java_home
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0_191
## 是否开启commit message的校验:0是,1否
CHECK_COMMIT_MESSAGE_ON=0
## 是否开启代码检查:0是,1否
CHECK_CODE_RULE_ON=0
## 是否校验master上的pom文件是否包含snapshot:0是,1否
CHECK_MASTER_POM_SNAPSHOT_ON=1
## 注释内容最小长度,默认20
COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH=20
### 代码校验规则:0使用阿里云P3C规则,1使用checkStyle
CODE_RULE_TYPE=0

## 定义提交开头类型字符规则
## e.g: fix:测试提交bug修复,Bug编号#12
TYPE_LIST=(
     'feat:'   #新功能feature
     'update:' #在feat内修改
     'fix:'  #修补bug
     'docs:'  #文档
     'style:' #格式化,不影响代码运行的变动
     'refactor:' #重构
     'pref:'  #性能优化
     'test:'  #增加测试
     'chore:'  #构建过程或辅助工具的变动
     #'[ci skip]'  #忽略校验
)

## 获取当前路径
BASE_PATH=$(cd `dirname $0`; pwd)
#echo 'BASE_PATH: '$BASE_PATH

#定义和组装校验规则
declare -a regex_list
arrLen=${#TYPE_LIST[@]}
for ((i=0;i<$arrLen;i++)) do
	regex_list[i]='^'${TYPE_LIST[i]}
done
regex_list[$arrLen+1]='^[ci skip]:'
#echo "reg_list=== "${regex_list[@]}
separator="|"
## 合并成一个完整的正则表达式
regex="$( printf "${separator}%s" "${regex_list[@]}" )"
#echo "type regex: "$regex
## 去除头部的 |
regex=${regex:${#separator}}
#echo "regex: "$regex

## 定义注释出错提示信息
tips_msg="$( printf "${separator}%s" "${TYPE_LIST[@]}" )"
tips_msg=${tips_msg:${#separator}}
####### 初始化变量部分 #########

####### 校验部分:注释校验&代码分析###########
## 校验commit message
validate_commit_message()
{
	 oldrev=$(git rev-parse $1)
	newrev=$(git rev-parse $2)
	refname="$3"
	#echo 'Old version: '$oldrev
	#echo 'New version: '$newrev
	#echo 'Branch: '$refname

	## git 命令
	#GITCMD="git"
	## 按时间倒序列出 commit  找出两个版本之间差异的版本号集合  oldrev~newrev
	commitList=`git rev-list $oldrev..$newrev`
	#echo 'commitList: '$commitList

	split=($commitList)
	#echo 'split: '$split

 	# 遍历数组
	for s in ${split[@]}
	do
  		#echo “$s”
  		#通过版本号获取仓库中对象实体的类型、大小和内容的信息
      #比如提交人、作者、邮件、提交时间、提交内容等
      currentContent=`git cat-file commit $s`
      #echo 'Commit obj: '$currentContent
      #获取提交内容
      msg=`git cat-file commit $s | sed '1,/^$/d'`
      echo 'msg: '$msg

    	## merge合并分之直接放行
   		 if [[ $msg == *"Merge branch"* ]]; then
    		echo "Merge branch...skip the checking"
    	else
		    ## 做内容校验
		    match=`echo $msg | grep -nE "(${regex})"`
		    #echo 'Match result: '$match

	    	## 找到匹配说明是符合规范的
		    if [ "${match}" != "" ]; then
      			## 校验注释长度
      			msg_length=${#msg}
      			#echo "Msg length: ${msg_length}"
      		if [[ ${msg_length} -lt ${COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH} ]]; then
        		echo -e "Error: Commit message should be bigger than ${COMMIT_MESSAGE_MIN_LENGTH} and current commit message length: ${msg_length}"
        		exit 1
     		fi

      ### 找到匹配内容做相应处理,如fix ,校验pom文件等
      #if [[ "${match}" =~ "fix:" ]]; then
        ## 如果是修补bug,规范有点获取到fix中的ID,然后调用禅道对外的API关闭,其他场景类似
      #fi

      # 是否开启校验和master分之
      isMaster=$(echo $refname | grep "master$")
      if [ $CHECK_MASTER_POM_SNAPSHOT_ON == 0 ] && [ -n "$isMaster" ]; then
        # 如果是master分之,并且pom文件发生了变更,判断pom文件是否含有sonapshot的引用
        pomfile=`git diff --name-only ${oldrev} ${newrev} | grep -e "pom\.xml"`
        if [[ "${pomfile}" != "" ]]; then
          #echo $pomfile
          ## 获取pom文件更新的内容
          pomcontent=`git show $newrev:$pomfile`
          #echo $pomcontent
          ## 校验pom文件是否包含snapshot版本
          if [[ $pomcontent =~ 'SNAPSHOT' ]]; then
            echo -e "Error: Snapshot version cannot exist in master branch!"
            exit 1
          fi
        fi
      fi

      ## 其他操作
      echo "Commit comments validate Success!"
    else
      echo -e "Error: Commit comments message should be started with [${tips_msg}]..."
      exit 1
    fi
	  fi
done
}

## 代码校验
validate_code_rules()
{
echo 'Start code analysis!'
oldrev=$(git rev-parse $1)
newrev=$(git rev-parse $2)
refname="$3"
#echo 'Old version: '$oldrev
#echo 'New version: '$newrev
#echo 'Branch: '$refname

TEMPDIR=$BASE_PATH/"tmp"

FILES=`git diff --name-only ${oldrev} ${newrev}  | grep -e "\.java$"`

if [ -n "$FILES" ]; then
  for FILE in ${FILES}; do
      mkdir -p "${TEMPDIR}/`dirname ${FILE}`" >/dev/null
      git show $newrev:$FILE > ${TEMPDIR}/${FILE}
  done;

  MAIN_JAVA_PATH=$TEMPDIR'/src/main'
  #echo 'Temp update files path: '$MAIN_JAVA_PATH

  #FILES_TO_CHECK=`find $MAIN_JAVA_PATH -name '*.java'`

  #echo 'Check files:'${FILES_TO_CHECK}
  echo 'Aliyun p3c-pmd check starting.....'

  #echo 'Current shell Path:' $BASE_PATH
  #echo 'JAVA_HOME:' $JAVA_HOME
  #echo 'Root directory for java sources: '$MAIN_JAVA_PATH

  if [[ $CODE_RULE_TYPE == 0 ]]; then
     ## 需要阿里云P3C的插件包p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar与该脚本在同级目录下
     echo 'Code analysis for Aliyun-p3c..'
     #$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -Dpmd.language=en -cp $BASE_PATH/p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar net.sourceforge.pmd.PMD -d $MAIN_JAVA_PATH -R rulesets/java/ali-comment.xml,rulesets/java/ali-concurrent.xml,rulesets/java/ali-constant.xml,rulesets/java/ali-exception.xml,rulesets/java/ali-flowcontrol.xml,rulesets/java/ali-naming.xml,rulesets/java/ali-oop.xml,rulesets/java/ali-orm.xml,rulesets/java/ali-other.xml,rulesets/java/ali-set.xml -f text
     $JAVA_HOME/bin/java -Dpmd.language=en -cp $BASE_PATH/p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar net.sourceforge.pmd.PMD -d $TEMPDIR -R rulesets/java/ali-comment.xml,rulesets/java/ali-concurrent.xml,rulesets/java/ali-constant.xml,rulesets/java/ali-exception.xml,rulesets/java/ali-flowcontrol.xml,rulesets/java/ali-naming.xml,rulesets/java/ali-oop.xml,rulesets/java/ali-other.xml,rulesets/java/ali-set.xml -f text
     RESULT=$?
     #echo $RESULT
     if [ $RESULT -gt 0 ]; then
		rm -rf $TEMPDIR
		exit 1;
     fi
  elif [[ $CODE_RULE_TYPE == 1 ]]; then
     ## 需要CheckStyle插件包checkstyle-8.16-all与该脚本在同级目录下,并且需要对应的CheckStyle.xml模板文件e.g:Cheetah_Checkstyle_ruleset.xml
     echo 'Code analysis for CheckStyle..'
     CHECK_RESULT=`$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -jar $BASE_PATH/checkstyle-8.16-all.jar -c $BASE_PATH/Cheetah_Checkstyle_ruleset.xml $MAIN_JAVA_PATH`
 echo 'Check_style check result:'
 #echo $CHECK_RESULT 
   if [[ $CHECK_RESULT =~ "[WARN]" ]]; then
     echo $CHECK_RESULT | sed 's/\[WARN\]/\n/g'
	 rm -rf $TEMPDIR
     exit 1
   fi
  else
     ## 不支持的检查操作
     echo "Unsupported code validation rule,Please contact the administrator to check the configuration of [CODE_RULE_TYPE] in pre-receive script!"
	 rm -rf $TEMPDIR
     exit 1
  fi

  echo 'Code analysis success!'
  
else
	echo 'No java code, analysis end!'
fi

FRONT_FILES=`git diff --name-only ${oldrev} ${newrev}  | grep -e "\.vue\|\.js$"`

echo 'Start analysis vue & js code...'
if [ -n "$FRONT_FILES" ];then
	PASS=true

	for FILE in $FRONT_FILES; do
		mkdir -p "${TEMPDIR}/`dirname ${FILE}`" >/dev/null
		git show $newrev:$FILE > ${TEMPDIR}/${FILE}
	done;
	
	eslint $TEMPDIR/**/*.vue
	eslint $TEMPDIR/**/*.js
	check_result=`eslint $TEMPDIR/**/*.vue`
	if [ ${#check_result[*]} -gt 0 ]; then
		echo "vue & js code analysis failed!"
		rm -rf $TEMPDIR
		exit 1
	fi
	
	check_result=`eslint $TEMPDIR/**/*.js`
	if [ ${#check_result[*]} -gt 0 ]; then
		echo "vue & js code analysis failed!"
		rm -rf $TEMPDIR
		exit 1
	fi

	echo "vue & js code analysis success!"
else
	echo 'No vue & js code, analysis end!'
fi

rm -rf $TEMPDIR
}
####### 校验部分:注释校验&代码分析###########

####### 执行入口###########
pre_receive()
{
#commit message 校验
if [[ $CHECK_COMMIT_MESSAGE_ON == 0 ]]; then
   validate_commit_message $1 $2 $3
fi

#代码规则检查
if [[ $CHECK_CODE_RULE_ON == 0 ]]; then
   validate_code_rules $1 $2 $3
fi
}

# update hook触发会带参数执行if逻辑
# hooks脚本触发无参数执行else逻辑
if [ -n "$1" -a -n "$2" -a -n "$3" ]; then
	# Output to the terminal in command line mode - if someone wanted to
	# resend an email; they could redirect the output to sendmail
	# themselves
	pre_receive $2 $3 $1
	#echo $1'+'$2'+'$3
else
while read oldrev newrev refname
do
   pre_receive $oldrev $newrev $refname
   #echo $oldrev' '$newrev' '$refname
done
fi
####### 执行入口###########
exit 0
  1. Eslint配置文件:.eslintrc.js
module.exports = {
root: true,
parserOptions: {
    parser: 'babel-eslint'
  },
  env: {
    browser: true,
  },
  extends: [
    // https://github.com/vuejs/eslint-plugin-vue#priority-a-essential-error-prevention
    // consider switching to `plugin:vue/strongly-recommended` or `plugin:vue/recommended` for stricter rules.
    'plugin:vue/essential', 
    // https://github.com/standard/standard/blob/master/docs/RULES-en.md
    'standard'
  ],
  // required to lint *.vue files
  plugins: [
    'html'
  ],
  // add your custom rules here
  rules: {
    // allow async-await
    'generator-star-spacing': 'off',
    // allow debugger during development
    'no-debugger': process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? 'error' : 'off',
	'no-console': 2,
    // js语句结尾必须使用 ;
    // 'semi': ['off', 'always'],
    'semi': ['error', 'always'],
    // 三等号
    'eqeqeq': 0,
    // 强制在注释中 // 或 /* 使用一致的空格
    'spaced-comment': 0,
    // 关键字后面使用一致的空格
    'keyword-spacing': 0,
    // 强制在 function的左括号之前使用一致的空格
    'space-before-function-paren': 0,
    // 引号类型
    "quotes": [0, "single"],
    "vue/no-parsing-error": [2, { "x-invalid-end-tag": false }]
  }
}
  1. 拷贝完后需要执行以下命令:
在/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks
目录下添加pre-receive、p3c-pmd-2.0.0.jar、.eslintrc.js,并赋予执行权限:chmode –R 777

在/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks目录下执行如下命令:
npm install -g eslint-plugin-vue
npm install eslint-plugin-vue@latest --save-dev
npm install vue@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint-config-standard@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint-plugin-html@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint-plugin-import@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint-plugin-node@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint-plugin-promise@latest --save-dev
npm install eslint babel-eslint --save-dev

在/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks目录下新建临时目录tmp,执行如下命令:
chown git:git ./hooks
chown git:git tmp/
chown git:git tmp/*
  1. 大公告成,可以测试一下看看了。