在多线程中使用同一mysql连接，一边读取数据库，一般修改数据库(insert,update,delete) 可能出现程序脏读的问题。
线程一：
delete from tb where ...
insert into tb...
线程二：
select * from tb
我们可以在查询中增加锁机制【lock in share mode】
select * from tb lock in share mode
共享锁 (lock in share mode)
允许不同事务之前共享加锁读取，但不允许其它事务修改或者加入排他锁
如果有修改必须等待一个事务提交完成，才可以执行，容易出现死锁
排他锁 (for update)
当一个事物加入排他锁后，不允许其他事务加共享锁或者排它锁读取，更加不允许其他事务修改加锁的行。
本文只是对共享锁进行测试
新建C#控制台应用程序MultiThreadMySqlDemo。
一、新建枚举DatabaseType
源程序如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace MultiThreadMySqlDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// 数据库类型
/// </summary>
public enum DatabaseType
{
/// <summary>
/// 微软SqlServer数据库
/// </summary>
SqlServer = 0,
/// <summary>
/// Oracle数据库
/// </summary>
Oracle = 1,
/// <summary>
/// MySql数据库
/// </summary>
MySql = 2,
/// <summary>
/// 轻量级SQLite数据库，多用于本地保存数据
/// </summary>
SQLite = 3,
/// <summary>
/// PostgreSql数据库
/// </summary>
PostgreSql = 4,
/// <summary>
/// IBM DB2数据
/// </summary>
DB2 = 5,
/// <summary>
/// IBM Informix数据库
/// </summary>
Informix = 6,
/// <summary>
/// 对象链接和嵌入数据库:如Access数据库
/// </summary>
OleDb = 7,
/// <summary>
/// 开放数据库互连:Open Database Connectivity
/// </summary>
ODBC = 8
}
}二、数据库工厂类ProviderFactory
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace MultiThreadMySqlDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// 数据库工厂，为不同类型的数据源类进行实例化
/// </summary>
public class ProviderFactory
{
private static Dictionary<DatabaseType, string> providerInvariantNames = new Dictionary<DatabaseType, string>();
private static Dictionary<DatabaseType, DbProviderFactory> providerFactory = new Dictionary<DatabaseType, DbProviderFactory>();
static ProviderFactory()
{
//加载已知的数据库访问类的程序集
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.SqlServer, "System.Data.SqlClient");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.Oracle, "Oracle.DataAccess.Client");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.MySql, "MySql.Data.MySqlClient");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.SQLite, "System.Data.SQLite");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.PostgreSql, "Npgsql");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.DB2, "IBM.Data.DB2.iSeries");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.Informix, "IBM.Data.Informix");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.OleDb, "System.Data.OleDb");
providerInvariantNames.Add(DatabaseType.ODBC, "System.Data.ODBC");
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定数据库类型对应的程序集名称
/// </summary>
/// <param name="providerType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetProviderInvariantName(DatabaseType providerType)
{
return providerInvariantNames[providerType];
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取指定类型的数据库对应的DbProviderFactory
/// </summary>
/// <param name="providerType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DbProviderFactory GetDbProviderFactory(DatabaseType providerType)
{
//如果还没有加载，则加载该DbProviderFactory
if (!providerFactory.ContainsKey(providerType))
{
providerFactory.Add(providerType, ImportDbProviderFactory(providerType));
}
return providerFactory[providerType];
}
/// <summary>
/// 加载指定数据库类型的DbProviderFactory
/// </summary>
/// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static DbProviderFactory ImportDbProviderFactory(DatabaseType providerType)
{
string providerName = providerInvariantNames[providerType];
DbProviderFactory factory = null;
try
{
//invariant 不变的，固定的 variant 变化的，不同的，变量
//从全局程序集中查找，如果使用的dll(如：System.Data.SQLite.dll,该类库需要放在bin\debug目录下) 是32位的，则编译程序也要以32位(x86)运行
//如果没有在App.config(或web.config)中配置节点:
//<system.data><DbProviderFactories><add name="SQLite Data Provider".. /></DbProviderFactories></system.data>..,则需要更改对应的machine.config
//32位(x86)的 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Config\machine.config
//64位(x64)的 C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\machine.config
//<remove invariant = "System.Data.SQLite" /><add name = "SQLite Data Provider" invariant = "System.Data.SQLite" description = ".Net Framework Data Provider for SQLite" type = "System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteFactory, System.Data.SQLite" />
factory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(providerName);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("加载程序集失败:" + providerName + "\n" + ex.Message, "指定的数据库对应的程序集无法加载");
factory = null;
}
return factory;
}
}
}三、新建数据库操作类DbUtility
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
namespace MultiThreadMySqlDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// 通用数据库访问类，封装了对数据库的常见操作
/// Author:斯内科
/// </summary>
public sealed class DbUtility
{
/// <summary>
/// 定义一个静态变量来保存该类的实例
/// </summary>
private static DbUtility uniqueInstance;
/// <summary>
/// 锁对象
/// </summary>
private static object thisLock = new object();
/// <summary>
/// 数据库连接字符串
/// </summary>
public string ConnectionString { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// 数据库工厂，可以根据不同的数据库类型，实例化出对应的数据源类对象
/// </summary>
private DbProviderFactory providerFactory;
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接字符串</param>
/// <param name="providerType">数据库类型枚举</param>
public DbUtility(string connectionString, DatabaseType providerType)
{
ConnectionString = connectionString;
providerFactory = ProviderFactory.GetDbProviderFactory(providerType);
if (providerFactory == null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Can't load DbProviderFactory for given value of providerType");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 实例化该数据库访问类
/// </summary>
/// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接字符串</param>
/// <param name="dbType">数据库类型字符串，如 SqlServer、Oracle</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DbUtility GetInstance(string connectionString, string dbType)
{
DatabaseType databaseType;
bool parseResult = Enum.TryParse(dbType, true, out databaseType);
if (!parseResult)
{
throw new Exception("不支持的数据库类型：" + dbType);
}
return GetInstance(connectionString, databaseType);
}
/// <summary>
/// 实例化该数据库访问类
/// </summary>
/// <param name="connectionString">数据库连接字符串</param>
/// <param name="databaseType">数据库类型枚举</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DbUtility GetInstance(string connectionString, DatabaseType databaseType)
{
// 如果类的实例不存在则创建，否则直接返回
if (uniqueInstance == null)
{
lock (thisLock)
{
if (uniqueInstance == null)
{
uniqueInstance = new DbUtility(connectionString, databaseType);
}
}
}
return uniqueInstance;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个数据库命令对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DbCommand CreateCommand(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType)
{
DbConnection connection = providerFactory.CreateConnection();
connection.ConnectionString = ConnectionString;
DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType, connection);
return command;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建一个数据库命令对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="connection">数据库连接对象</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DbCommand CreateCommand(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType, DbConnection connection)
{
DbCommand command = providerFactory.CreateCommand();
command.Connection = connection;
command.CommandType = commandType;
command.CommandText = sql;
if (dict != null)
{
foreach (string parameterName in dict.Keys)
{
DbParameter dbParameter = command.CreateParameter();
dbParameter.ParameterName = parameterName;
dbParameter.Value = dict[parameterName];
command.Parameters.Add(dbParameter);
}
}
return command;
}
/// <summary>
/// 更新数据，执行增(insert into)、删(delete)、改(update)、创建表(create table)等操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int UpdateData(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
int affectedRows = -1;
using (DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType))
{
try
{
command.Connection.Open();
affectedRows = command.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "更改数据时出现异常");
}
finally
{
command.Connection.Close();
}
}
return affectedRows;
}
/// <summary>
/// 事务处理
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sqlCollection">sql语句集合</param>
/// <param name="dictCollection">每一条对应sql中的参数以及对应的值，没有参数时为null</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool ProcessTransaction(List<string> sqlCollection, List<Dictionary<string, object>> dictCollection)
{
bool processResult = false;
if (sqlCollection == null || dictCollection == null || sqlCollection.Count != dictCollection.Count)
{
throw new Exception("没有sql指令 或者 参数个数不匹配");
}
DbConnection connection = providerFactory.CreateConnection();
connection.ConnectionString = ConnectionString;
DbTransaction transaction = null;
try
{
if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)
{
connection.Open();
}
using (transaction = connection.BeginTransaction())
{
for (int i = 0; i < sqlCollection.Count; i++)
{
DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sqlCollection[i], dictCollection[i], CommandType.Text, connection);
//增加事务与命令的绑定
command.Transaction = transaction;
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
//提交事务
transaction.Commit();
processResult = true;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//回滚事务
if (transaction != null)
{
transaction.Rollback();
}
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "事务处理时出现异常");
processResult = false;
}
finally
{
connection.Close();
}
return processResult;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，并返回查询所返回的结果集中第一行的第一列。所有其他的列和行将被忽略
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public object GetScalar(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
object result = null;
using (DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType))
{
try
{
command.Connection.Open();
result = command.ExecuteScalar();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "获取第一行的第一列数据时出现异常");
}
finally
{
command.Connection.Close();
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，并返回查询所返回的结果集中第一行的第一列。返回一个字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetScalarString(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
object result = GetScalar(sql, dict, commandType);
if (result == null)
{
return string.Empty;
}
return result.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，并返回查询所返回的结果集中第一行的第一列。返回一个整数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int GetScalarInt(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
object result = GetScalar(sql, dict, commandType);
if (result == null)
{
return 0;
}
return Convert.ToInt32(result);
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取数据，注意读取数据完成后，请调用dataReader.Close()进行手动关闭
/// 代码示例：while (reader.Read()){string result=reader.GetString(0);} reader.Close();
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DbDataReader GetDataReader(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
DbDataReader dataReader = null;
DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType);
try
{
command.Connection.Open();
dataReader = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (dataReader != null)
{
dataReader.Close();
}
command.Connection.Close();
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "获取只读数据流出现错误");
}
return dataReader;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取查询的结果，存入一个数据集中，该函数多用于返回多个数据表的查询
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DataSet GetDataSet(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet("HansDataSet");
using (DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType))
{
using (DbDataAdapter adapter = providerFactory.CreateDataAdapter())
{
adapter.SelectCommand = command;
try
{
adapter.Fill(ds);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "查询数据时出现异常");
}
}
}
return ds;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取查询的结果，存入一个数据表中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DataTable GetDataTable(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable("HansDataTable");
using (DbCommand command = CreateCommand(sql, dict, commandType))
{
using (DbDataAdapter adapter = providerFactory.CreateDataAdapter())
{
adapter.SelectCommand = command;
try
{
adapter.Fill(dt);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message, "查询数据时出现异常");
}
}
}
return dt;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取数据表某一行数据，多用于获取数据库中某一个唯一的ID的数据行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">要执行的sql语句 或者 存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="dict">sql（或存储过程）中的参数以及具体的值</param>
/// <param name="commandType">命令字符串类型：Text(默认)为 SQL文本，StoredProcedure为 存储过程名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public DataRow GetDataRow(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> dict, CommandType commandType = CommandType.Text)
{
DataTable dt = GetDataTable(sql, dict, commandType);
if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count > 0)
{
return dt.Rows[0];
}
return null;
}
}
}四、默认的Program测试程序如下：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MultiThreadMySqlDemo
{
class Program
{
//多线程并发mysql读写
const string connectionString = "server=127.0.0.1;Database=testx;Uid=root;Pwd=root";
static DbUtility dbUtility = DbUtility.GetInstance(connectionString, DatabaseType.MySql);
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
InitCreateTable();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
PrintCurrentData(GetCurrentDataWithLock);
PrintCurrentData(GetCurrentData);
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
});
Task.Run(() =>
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
ModifyData();
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
});
Console.ReadLine();
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化创建数据库
/// </summary>
private static void InitCreateTable()
{
string sqlCreateTable = @"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `busbar_measure_fai` (
`CoreId` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键自增编号',
`ModuleBarcode` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '模组条码',
`EquipmentNo` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '设备编号',
`ProcessEndTime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '处理结束时间',
`ProcessResult` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '处理结果',
`MeasureDistance1` float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '首件测距1',
`MeasureDistance2` float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '首件测距2',
`MeasureDistance3` float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '首件测距3',
PRIMARY KEY (`CoreId`),
KEY `IDX_BSB_WELD_FAI_TIME` (`ProcessEndTime`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='首件测距表';";
dbUtility.UpdateData(sqlCreateTable, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得当前表的全部数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static DataTable GetCurrentData()
{
return dbUtility.GetDataTable("select CoreId,ModuleBarcode,ProcessEndTime from busbar_measure_fai", null);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得当前表的全部数据【增加锁】
/// from tb lock in share mode
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static DataTable GetCurrentDataWithLock()
{
return dbUtility.GetDataTable("select CoreId,ModuleBarcode,ProcessEndTime from busbar_measure_fai lock in share mode", null);
}
/// <summary>
/// 打印当前数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="funcGetData">一个返回当前数据表的方法</param>
private static void PrintCurrentData(Func<DataTable> funcGetData)
{
DataTable dataTable = funcGetData();
Console.WriteLine($"读取当前数据行数：【{dataTable.Rows.Count}】");
for (int i = 0; i < dataTable.Rows.Count; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine($"----行【{i + 1}】:【{dataTable.Rows[i]["CoreId"]},{dataTable.Rows[i]["ModuleBarcode"]},{dataTable.Rows[i]["ProcessEndTime"]}】");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除指定的数据后再添加
/// </summary>
/// <param name="moduleBarcode"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static int DeleteAndAddData(string moduleBarcode)
{
string sqlUpdate = @"delete from busbar_measure_fai where ModuleBarcode=?ModuleBarcode;
insert into busbar_measure_fai (ModuleBarcode,EquipmentNo,ProcessEndTime,ProcessResult,MeasureDistance1,MeasureDistance2,MeasureDistance3)
values (?ModuleBarcode,?EquipmentNo,?ProcessEndTime,?ProcessResult,?MeasureDistance1,?MeasureDistance2,?MeasureDistance3)";
Dictionary<string, object> dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
dict.Add("ModuleBarcode", moduleBarcode);
dict.Add("EquipmentNo", "XX焊接");
dict.Add("ProcessEndTime", DateTime.Now);
dict.Add("ProcessResult", "OK");
dict.Add("MeasureDistance1", 1.1F);
dict.Add("MeasureDistance2", 2.2F);
dict.Add("MeasureDistance3", 3.3F);
return dbUtility.UpdateData(sqlUpdate, dict);
}
/// <summary>
/// 更新数据
/// </summary>
public static void ModifyData()
{
Random random = new Random(Guid.NewGuid().GetHashCode());
int affectRow = DeleteAndAddData($"M{random.Next(1, 100).ToString("D2")}");
Console.WriteLine($"更新当前数据，受影响的行数：【{affectRow}】");
}
}
}五、程序运行如图：
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